Contenuti per la categoria: Islam

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Il diritto della minoranza musulmana a disporre di luoghi di culto - 3. La realizzazione e la gestione della moschea.

SOMMARIO: 1. I reati culturalmente motivati e il tentato omicidio per causa di “onore” - 2. Il concetto di onore nella cultura e nella tradizione giuridica dei Paesi mussulmani - 3. L'aggravante dei futili motivi nel nostro sistema penale - 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

The crime of honor and the aggravating factor of the trivial reasons' culturally (and religiously) motivated

ABSTRACT: A recent case law of the Italian Court of Cassation, on 2013, ruled that, in the case of the attempted murder of a daughter, trivial reasons cannot be considered based on the honor of the family and the violation of a fundamental religious precept. The evaluation of these cases then relates to that, of a much broader scope, linked to the concept of 'cultural crimes' or cultural defence. It is necessary, however, to perform a careful balancing between guilt and offensiveness proportion on the one hand and, on the other hand, to consider the extent to which the author of a culturally motivated crime can enjoy a punitive treatment, though attenuated compared to those who commit the same crime without a cultural motivation. A judgment intrinsically linked to a cultural and ethical relativism, cannot be accepted that though respecting the multiculturalism of the western society in general, and of the Italian one in particular, must always find its legitimacy by submitting to the principles and values on which the Italian Constitution is founded.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. Il velo integrale davanti alla Corte di Strasburgo – 3. I profili procedurali e la sussidiarietà – 4. La ratio della legge francese sul divieto di occultamento del viso – 5. La questione del margine di apprezzamento – 6. Il limite alla libertà di manifestare la religione derivante dalla “protezione dei diritti e delle libertà altrui” – 7. La Corte di Strasburgo “dietro” il velo: la “laïcité” e il suo riverberarsi sulla tutela del diritto di libertà di religione.

ABSTRACT: The French Law no. 2010-1192 of 11 October 2010, introduced the ban on wearing clothing designed to conceal one’s face in public places. Muslim women do not have the possibility of wearing the full-face veil ( burqa / niqab ) in public. The present article explores the question concerning whether the burqa ban is compatible with the democratic society in Europe and particularly with Article 9 of the European Convention of Human Rights, which guarantees the exercise of freedom of thought, conscience and religion. To do so, the paper critically analyzes a recent decision of the Strasbourg Court, S.A.S. v. France of July, the 1 st 2014. The Court held that the barrier raised against others by a veil concealing the face can be perceived as breaching the right of others to live in a space of socialisation which makes living together easier. The Author examines the issue considering various features of secularism and their effects on the different points of view regarding religious freedom.

SUMARIO: A. Presupuestos: 1. El fracaso de las repúblicas árabes del siglo XX, emigración y expansión de la cultura musulmana en Occidente - 2. Islam, diversidad geográfico-cultural, emergencia del islamismo político e identidad musulmana en Occidente – B. Islam y educación pública en algunos países europeos. La experiencia macro-comparada desde su particular legado religioso y político: 1. Austria, Alemania y Suiza – 2. Dinamarca, Noruega, Suecia, Holanda y Reino Unido – 3. España e Italia – C. Conclusión: Laicidad estatal y educación religiosa islámica: ¿valores incompatibles?

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Failure of Arab republics in XX Century, migration and expansion of Muslim culture in the West. Islam, cultural-geographical diversity, emergence of political Islam and Muslim identity in the West. Islam and public education in European countries: Macro-comparative experience from its particular religious and political legacy. Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Holland and United Kingdom. Spain and Italy. Conclusion: Secular state and Muslim religious education: Incompatible values?

SOMMARIO: 1. Dall’Impero ottomano all’Albania indipendente 2. Le caratteristiche endogene dell’ordinamento albanese e le sue specificità - 3. Il “colonialismo giuridico” dell’Occidente e il rispetto dell’autonomia degli ordinamenti - 4. La rivisitazione delle relazioni tra Stato e Comunità religiose - 5. Estendere l’esperienza albanese agli altri Stati balcanici o quella dei Balcani all’Albania?

Plural Islam in Albania: patterns of relationship with the state and religious peace

ABASTRACT: The protection of individual and collective freedom of religion and freedom of conscience, the regulation of state relations with religious communities in Albania, have found a solution in peculiar legal rules and traditions that in the history of the Albanian people have guaranteed the religious peace. Of great significance was the Albanian legal system resistance to accept the advice of the Venice Commission, Council of Europe and the EU that would rather prefer and have sought to impose the adoption of a single political-legal model for the Balkans, focused on a general law for the protection of religious freedom. Albanian model dates back to 1923, recognizes the cultural and religious pluralism of society and the opportunity for all religious communities to obtain
civil legal personality, now allows cooperation agreements with the various religious communities. The rules put as guarantees of religious freedom those of the general law without any recourse to special rules. What happened was possible because of the plural nature of Balkan Islam which has allowed mutual respect and tolerance, and thanks to the secular and separatist nature of the
Albanian state since its origins. State law likewise religious rules, determined by the Statutes that communities have been given themselves and their progressive transformation have played a role in education for coexistence which has allowed, in contrast to
what happened in many Balkan countries, religious peace. The smaller denominations and cults have found, and find now, legal
protection, and at present are five the creeds that have concluded agreements with the state and others may do so in the future. The success of the Albanian model warns against standardization policies, substantially octroyé, supported by international bodies end one size fits all legal model/pattern.

Sommario : 1. Premessa. Un paradigma per la “libertà religiosa mediterranea” – 2. La libertà religiosa come “prima libertà” – 2.1. La sponda nord – 2.2. La sponda sud – 3. La libertà religiosa nell’età contemporanea: apogeo e declino? – 4. Libertà religiosa e pluralismo musulmano in Europa – 5. Libertà religiosa e pluralismo musulmano in terra d’islam – 6. Alcune osservazioni conclusive.

Where religious freedom is heading: common paths on both sides of the Mediterranean

ABSTRACT : The paper aims to investigate the path of religious freedom on the two sides of the Mediterranean. Assuming the possibility of a synoptic history, the paper observes this synopsis from three different perspectives: historical, political and pluralistic. Taking the Declaration of Universal Human Rights as a common parameter for the two sides, the paper analyzes the contemporary process of politicization of the right of religious freedom both in Europe and in the MENA countries. Stressing the fact that the core of this right has to be individuated into the autonomy from the state of both (religious) individuals and communities, the paper advocates a defense of religious freedom as an autonomous and specific right, not completely merged with the generic protection of freedom of conscience and with the goals of the states. This kind of conflation, in fact, could subvert the fundamental distinction between religious and civil spheres, with harmful consequences for both the state and religious communities.

SUMMARY: 1. Preliminary Remarks - 2. The veil before the European Court of Human Rights – 3. Religious Symbols in Article 9 ECHR case law and women’s religious freedom in Europe – 4. Islamic Symbols and European Institutions. Indirect Discrimination? – 5. Conclusive Remarks.

ABSTRACT: Religious freedom within Europe and the place of Islam within Europe are of particular contemporary interest. The focus of recent case law developed by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been on national laws which proscribe the wearing of religious symbols in certain aspects of the public sphere, and on the claims more generally to religious and cultural freedom of Muslim minorities in European states. Stepping back from these cases, this Article aims at a theoretical analysis of the subject, involving the contrast between value pluralism as a basis for religious freedom in international law, and other fundamental rights, i.e. women’s or children’s rights. By recognizing the intrinsic connection between individual rights and communal goods, value pluralism opens new pathways for enforcing human rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Inquadramento della problematica - 2. La normativa regionale di settore - 3. Gli interventi giurisprudenziali - 4. L’esperienza islamica come proposta polivalente del fenomeno religioso - 5. Spunti di riflessione.

The use of real estate property for cult’s activity

ABSTRACT:The change of use of a property for the sake of religious cult; it should be properly inserted in the regional and municipal rules, for a full protection of the right to their own religious cult
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Le origini del concetto di attrezzatura religiosa - 3. Le previsioni regionali in materia e la loro successiva evoluzione - 4. Le problematiche aperte - 5. Alcuni risvolti pratici: le innovazioni di evidente impatto urbanistico in assenza di un previo esame ad opera della amministrazione comunale - 6. Osservazioni conclusive e possibili prospettive de iure condendo.

Religious facilities and urban planning: lights and shadows

ABSTRACT: In Italy many places of worship avoid the scope of planning regulations. This situation, especially for the places of Islamic worship (musalla), sometimes arises from the suspicion of local authorities to grant adequate space for the realization of these places; it sometimes arises also from the choice of the religious confessions. Therefore we face a difficult situation: you must guarantee the right to the free exercise of worship of the faithful in the area and at the same time you must comply with the provisions relating to urban planning, to protect other community needs, such as security or public order of the places.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’incremento dell’immigrazione in Europa nell’attuale contesto politico e religioso - 2. La “Primavera araba” e le tensioni afferenti alla libertà religiosa nei nuovi equilibri geopolitici - 3. Gli odierni fermenti culturali e giuridici nell’Islam mediterraneo - 4. La prospettiva di una laicità inclusiva euro-mediterranea avverso gli esclusivi schemi “mondialatinizzanti” - 5. Il ruolo dell’Europa nel bacino del Mediterraneo - 6. Alcuni strumenti per estendere la libertà di coscienza a tutte le tendenze culturali: a) il dialogo interreligioso - 7. Segue: b) le normative concordate - 8. Il decentramento comunitario e l’esigenza di una duttile (ma anche non discriminatoria) governance europea.

Migrations and laicity of the law in the polis euro-Mediterranean

ABSTRACT:
The recent increase in migration flows to Europe and the tumultuous popular uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East (so-called Arab Spring) are creating significant problems of coexistence between different cultures and religions throughout the euro-Mediterranean area. Leveraging on new cultural and legal turmoil of the moderate part of the Islam and on the revaluation of the plural open and inclusive identity of the Old Continent, it is hoped the use of a procedural laicity at the entire polis euro-Mediterranean, for bring near both sides of the Mare Nostrum with intercultural dialogue and prevent the worsening of the clash of civilizations: the North Christian and the Muslim South. We propose, therefore, are some tips to overcome the tensions on religious freedom in the new geopolitical balance and for make collaborate with institutions, in a democratic and transparent mode, communities and religious and ethical groups in an attempt to reach a wider area of integration euro-Mediterranean, whose legal system, spreading better peace and social justice, would create more adequate conditions for the protection of inalienable human dignity.