Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico europeo

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. Il velo integrale davanti alla Corte di Strasburgo – 3. I profili procedurali e la sussidiarietà – 4. La ratio della legge francese sul divieto di occultamento del viso – 5. La questione del margine di apprezzamento – 6. Il limite alla libertà di manifestare la religione derivante dalla “protezione dei diritti e delle libertà altrui” – 7. La Corte di Strasburgo “dietro” il velo: la “laïcité” e il suo riverberarsi sulla tutela del diritto di libertà di religione.

ABSTRACT: The French Law no. 2010-1192 of 11 October 2010, introduced the ban on wearing clothing designed to conceal one’s face in public places. Muslim women do not have the possibility of wearing the full-face veil ( burqa / niqab ) in public. The present article explores the question concerning whether the burqa ban is compatible with the democratic society in Europe and particularly with Article 9 of the European Convention of Human Rights, which guarantees the exercise of freedom of thought, conscience and religion. To do so, the paper critically analyzes a recent decision of the Strasbourg Court, S.A.S. v. France of July, the 1 st 2014. The Court held that the barrier raised against others by a veil concealing the face can be perceived as breaching the right of others to live in a space of socialisation which makes living together easier. The Author examines the issue considering various features of secularism and their effects on the different points of view regarding religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. I fatti e il contenzioso – 2. La decisione del Mediatore – 3. Profili di criticità di una pronuncia (utile ma) non risolutiva – 4. (segue) Una valutazione d’insieme – 5. Conclusioni: il futuro del dialogo ex art. 17 TFUE (e le nuove linee-guida della Commissione).

ABSTRACT : The essay analyzes the decision of the European Ombudsman of 25 January 2013, in a case where it was found maladministration by the European Commission, which has made a mistake in interpreting Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Based on this ruling, the author performs some thoughts on the meaning and scope of Article 17 TFEU and reconstructs a reading of this provision that is quite different from that which the European institutions often seem to accept.

SUMMARY: 1. Preliminary Remarks - 2. The veil before the European Court of Human Rights – 3. Religious Symbols in Article 9 ECHR case law and women’s religious freedom in Europe – 4. Islamic Symbols and European Institutions. Indirect Discrimination? – 5. Conclusive Remarks.

ABSTRACT: Religious freedom within Europe and the place of Islam within Europe are of particular contemporary interest. The focus of recent case law developed by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been on national laws which proscribe the wearing of religious symbols in certain aspects of the public sphere, and on the claims more generally to religious and cultural freedom of Muslim minorities in European states. Stepping back from these cases, this Article aims at a theoretical analysis of the subject, involving the contrast between value pluralism as a basis for religious freedom in international law, and other fundamental rights, i.e. women’s or children’s rights. By recognizing the intrinsic connection between individual rights and communal goods, value pluralism opens new pathways for enforcing human rights.

SOMMARIO : 1. Premessa – 2. Antefatti e pre-condizioni della legislazione finanziaria vaticana più recente - 3. Il nuovo corso della legislazione finanziaria vaticana: ruolo e funzione dell’art. 17 del Trattato di Lisbona - 4. Chiese e processo di integrazione valoriale europeo - 5. Chiese e processo mercatista di integrazione economica europea - 6. Il processo di integrazione al modello europeo della legislazione finanziaria vaticana - 7. Un processo che continua.

SOMMAIRE: 1. Introduction – 2. Une évolution conceptuelle favorable aux employés: d’une logique d’exclusion à une logique de mise en balance – 3. Se vêtir au travail conformément à ses convictions religieuses: Un renforcement du droit des employés de manifester leur religion – 4. Agir au travail conformément à ses convictions religieux: Les oscillations européennes face à l’objection de conscience – 5. Conclusion – 6. Appendice. Jurisprudence liée.

ABSTRACT: In a landmark decision impatiently awaited across the Channel, the European Court of Human Rights provided clarifications on the employee right to manifest religious beliefs at work. The balance between employee rights and requirements of employers is not completely upset. But there has been an important new trend in the european reasoning, in regard to the free expression of religious belief. This will not be without consequence, especially in France where many contemporary debate echo the european solution.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’incremento dell’immigrazione in Europa nell’attuale contesto politico e religioso - 2. La “Primavera araba” e le tensioni afferenti alla libertà religiosa nei nuovi equilibri geopolitici - 3. Gli odierni fermenti culturali e giuridici nell’Islam mediterraneo - 4. La prospettiva di una laicità inclusiva euro-mediterranea avverso gli esclusivi schemi “mondialatinizzanti” - 5. Il ruolo dell’Europa nel bacino del Mediterraneo - 6. Alcuni strumenti per estendere la libertà di coscienza a tutte le tendenze culturali: a) il dialogo interreligioso - 7. Segue: b) le normative concordate - 8. Il decentramento comunitario e l’esigenza di una duttile (ma anche non discriminatoria) governance europea.

Migrations and laicity of the law in the polis euro-Mediterranean

ABSTRACT:
The recent increase in migration flows to Europe and the tumultuous popular uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East (so-called Arab Spring) are creating significant problems of coexistence between different cultures and religions throughout the euro-Mediterranean area. Leveraging on new cultural and legal turmoil of the moderate part of the Islam and on the revaluation of the plural open and inclusive identity of the Old Continent, it is hoped the use of a procedural laicity at the entire polis euro-Mediterranean, for bring near both sides of the Mare Nostrum with intercultural dialogue and prevent the worsening of the clash of civilizations: the North Christian and the Muslim South. We propose, therefore, are some tips to overcome the tensions on religious freedom in the new geopolitical balance and for make collaborate with institutions, in a democratic and transparent mode, communities and religious and ethical groups in an attempt to reach a wider area of integration euro-Mediterranean, whose legal system, spreading better peace and social justice, would create more adequate conditions for the protection of inalienable human dignity.
 

SOMMAIRE: 1. Introduction – 2. Le contexte factuel et les questions préjudicielles – 3. La réponse apportée par la Cour de justice – 4. La Convention de Genève cède la place à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La costituzione di organizzazioni sindacali di ministri di culto e laici appartenenti alla BOR - 3. Il riconoscimento della personalità giuridica civile al “Sindicatul Pǎstorul cel Bun”- 4. La questione davanti alla Corte EDU: la preminenza del diritto alla tutela attraverso l’azione sindacale - 5. La Corte EDU e l’esistenza di un “besoin social impérieux” - 6. La risposta della Chiesa ortodossa romena alla sentenza CEDU e l’appello alla Grand Chambre - 7. Alcune considerazioni conclusive.

The exercise of trade-union activity of ministers of religion in the Ortodox Rumenian Church

ABSTRACT: The paper analyses the decision of the EDU Court on lack of recognition of the civil corporate status to the “Sindicatul Pǎstorul cel Bun” formed by ministers of religion and laics of the BOR. This decision was appealed before the Grand Chambre of the Romenian State. In this perspective the debate around the development of the situation within the BOR in relation to what is established by the Romanian law is studied, posing the accent on ecclesiological as well as juridical aspects of the problem. Though without omitting to analyse the labor law aspect of the dispute, the A. offers elements of consideration on the connection between the decision of the EDU Court and art. 8 of the Convention on Human Rights, in relation to the protection of religious denominations autonomy and their right to auto-organization. The paper ends up with considerations on the possibility of juridical systems to impose religious denominations organizations elements of democracy, without violating the principles of autonomy, separation and secularity.

 

SOMMARIO: 1. Libertà religiosa e libertà di educazione: note preliminari – 2. Consiglio d’Europa ed Unione Europea: la salvaguardia dei diritti dell’uomo e delle libertà fondamentali – 3. La Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo – 4. La funzione interpretativa della Corte nel diritto interno. In particolare, quale fonte integratrice del parametro interposto di costituzionalità ex art. 117, comma 1° Cost. – 5. Educazione e religione nella giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. I rapporti familiari – 6. Libertà religiosa e libertà di educazione nel prisma della struttura scolastica. Le scuole confessionalmente orientate – 7. Gli insegnamenti obbligatori di religione – 8. I simboli religiosi – 9. In particolare, la “questione” del crocifisso (caso Lautsi c. Italia) – 10. Sintesi conclusiva.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the paper consists in examining the cases submitted to the European Court of Human Rights in which religious freedom (art. 9 of European Convention of Human Rights) is, in a specific way, related to the right to education (art. 1 of Protocol 1). The fields where arise most important problems are as follows: family relationship, denominational Schools, compulsory denominational (confessional) instruction in Schools, religious symbols in State Schools. From the latest judgments at Strasbourg Court, it seems to emerge a new perspective of the principle of laicità, clearly open to social pluralism. As the Court stated concerning educative pluralism: “the possibility of pluralism in education […] is essential for the preservation of the “democratic society” as conceived by the Convention”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: alle origini del dibattito attuale - 2. La giurisprudenza della CEDU sui simboli religiosi - 3. La sentenza Lautsi e la sua ratio decidendi: a) Il crocifisso come simbolo passivo - 4. (segue) b) Il margine di apprezzamento dello Stato e le tradizioni nazionali - 5. (segue) c) La garanzia di un contesto pluralista e l’evoluzione del principio di laicità - 6. Gli effetti della  sentenza Lautsi sulla giurisprudenza della CEDU - 7. Gli effetti della sentenza Lautsi in Europa. a) Francia. b) Turchia. c) Germania. d) Paesi di tradizione ortodossa. e) Spagna - 8. Il caso italiano e il ruolo dello Stato nel sostegno ai simboli religiosi della tradizione - 9. La soluzione legislativa: pro e contro - 10. Osservazioni conclusive.

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the issue of religious symbols in the public spaces in the recent European experience. After some preliminary remarks about the origins of the present debate, comparing the American and European religious models, it focuses on the line of decisions of the ECHR in matters of religious symbols. In particular it takes the contents of the Lautsi judgement (2011) into consideration and evaluates its possible effects on the future decisions of the ECHR and of national courts of European countries like France, Turkey, Germany, countries of Orthodox tradition and Spain. In the end it makes some conclusive remarks about the Italian case and the role of the State in supporting the religious symbols of the tradition, examining the advantages and disadvantages of the legislative solution.