Contenuti per la categoria: European Court of Human Rights

SOMMARIO: 1. Territorializzazione o de-territorializzazione? - 2. Origini del fenomeno - 3. Attualità del problema - 4. Eguaglianza e territorializzazione - 5. Riforma del Titolo V, Parte II della Costituzione e valorizzazione del pluralismo religioso a livello locale - 6. Federalismo e principio di uguaglianza - 7. Il ‘900, la tutela internazionale dei diritti e l’affaire Lautsi - 8. La concezione della laicità “relativa” o “storico ponderata” (rinvio) - 9. Il ricorso alla Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo - 10. La decisione della Grande Camera e il principio di laicità - 11. Margine di apprezzamento e territorializzazione - 12. La libertà religiosa come diritto umano universale e il “dilemma del pluralismo”.

Short paper about the territorialization of religious freedom rights

ABSTRACT: Can we talk about the territorialization of religious freedom rights in an era called “the era of the de-territorialization”? This is the question that this short paper tries to resolve. In the opinion of the author, these dual phenomena of territorialization and de-territorialization of religious freedom rights may coexist as it is in the affaire Lautsi. Religious freedom can be assumed as a human right, although its protection varies all over the world. The affaire Lautsi seems to demonstrate that human rights can be considered universal, even though the crucifix can stay in Italian classrooms.
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Il problema del simbolismo religioso sul luogo di lavoro – 2. La soluzione per la Giurisprudenza francese – 3. La soluzione per la Corte EDU – 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

ABSTRACT: The author of this paper comments some recent judgments of the French Cour de Cassation and of the European Court of Human Rights concerns the exercise of religious freedom in the workplace. The examination shows some critic aspects of this right in Europe .

SOMMAIRE: 1. Introduction - 2. Une issue retentissante: la concrétisation d’une protection conventionnelle contre les persécutions religieuses - 3. Un raisonnement parcellaire: les apories de l’analyse européenne à l’aune de la liberté de religion - 4. Conclusion - 5. Jurisprudence liée - 6. Appendice .

ABSTRACT : By banning deporting of a coptic christian by France to Egypt, where he might suffer persecution, European court of human rights has made an important contribution to the protection of foreigners against measures involving expulsion. The European solution is important because it deals with a complex, but crucial, concept: religious persecution. Unfortunatly, the opportunity offered by this case hase not been fully exploited. Freedom of religion was at the heart of this case, but European court did’nt use it enough.

SOMMARIO: 1. Laicità – 2. Eguaglianza e pluralismo – 3. La questione – 4. Strategie: riformulazione – 5. Parallelo – 6. Strategie: minimizzazione – 7. Controvertibilità – 8. Norme – 9. Paternalismo.
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. Il ruolo peculiare delle “confessioni” religiose – 3. Modalità distorsive di rilevazione degli interessi religiosi – 4. Particolarismo confessionale vs pluralismo religioso – 5. Il carattere “lobbistico” dello strumento pattizio – 6. Europa, governance e fattore religioso: il lobbying delle chiese e delle altre comunità di fede – 7. Il caso Lautsi c. Italia – 8. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the role of religious groups in the national and European public spaces with a particular focus on their contribution to the new transformation taking place in the field of individual and collective participation to the common good. The main focus of the article deals with the legal and political condition under which religious groups try to advance their lobbying activities in Italy and in Europe.

SOMMAIRE: 1. Introduction – 2. Une évolution conceptuelle favorable aux employés: d’une logique d’exclusion à une logique de mise en balance – 3. Se vêtir au travail conformément à ses convictions religieuses: Un renforcement du droit des employés de manifester leur religion – 4. Agir au travail conformément à ses convictions religieux: Les oscillations européennes face à l’objection de conscience – 5. Conclusion – 6. Appendice. Jurisprudence liée.

ABSTRACT: In a landmark decision impatiently awaited across the Channel, the European Court of Human Rights provided clarifications on the employee right to manifest religious beliefs at work. The balance between employee rights and requirements of employers is not completely upset. But there has been an important new trend in the european reasoning, in regard to the free expression of religious belief. This will not be without consequence, especially in France where many contemporary debate echo the european solution.

SOMMARIO: Premessa – 1. La CEDU e l’integrazione del parametro costituzionale (art. 117, co. 1 Cost.): i confini del vincolo derivante dalla interpretazione della Corte europea di Strasburgo – 2. Il bilanciamento tra l’interpretazione vincolante della Corte europea ed il “sistema “ dei diritti e dei principi costituzionali: la lotta per l’effettività della Costituzione e l’equilibrio tra i poteri – 2.1. Il sistema dei diritti e gli spazi del legislatore: la soluzione (inammissibilità) che lascia al Parlamento la piena responsabilità di dare forma al “diritto di vivere la coppia omosessuale” – 2.2. Il sindacato sulle scelte legislative alla luce dell’evoluzione dei principi fondamentali dell’ordinamento maturati in ambito CEDU – 3. Il bilanciamento alla luce del sistema costituzionale dei diritti: le trasformazioni dei principi e la ricerca del massimo livello di tutela nel sistema del processo penale. La variegata forza delle additive di principio – 4. L’effettività dei diritti nelle dinamiche tra il livello statale ed il livello regionale dell’intervento legislativo. Il ruolo degli standard omogenei di tutela a livello nazionale ed il potenziamento a livello locale delle garanzie fondato sulla illegittima discriminazione tra i destinatari dei benefici – 5. Un occhio a Strasburgo e un occhio alla storia della Corte costituzionale.

The “Research of Effectiveness” : from the Struggle for the Implementation of the Constitution to the Objective of the Best Protection of Rights

ABSTRACT: The paper reflects on the Case-Law of the Italian Constitutional Court, through which the recent Judgments (beginning with the leading cases nn. 348 and 349 of 2007) that have contributed to the clarification of the status of conventional rules (ECHR), as developed and interpreted by Strasbourg Judges, can be understood in the context of the domestic constitutional system. The author sees in the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court dating back to the “struggle” for the effectiveness of the Constitution (including the norms concerning programs and objectives), in the interpretative decisions that have limited the impact of unconstitutionality, according to the budgetary needs in the light of the gradualism of social rights guarantees, and in the  significance of the effectiveness of fundamental rights in the context of the reformed Italian regionalism, interpretative rules which would allow the Constitutional Judge to identify the “best level of protection” of fundamental rights (Judgments 311 and 317 of 2009),
so as to be able to enforce checks and balances among constitutional powers, id est with respect to the responsibility of the legislature and the role of the judiciary.
 

SOMMAIRE: 1. Brève histoire de l’affaire – 2. Préambule – 3. Protection de la compétence exclusive des groupements religieux en vue d’instaurer leur structure intrinsèque et les normes intérieures des relations au point de vue de la législation de la Roumanie – 4. Application du principe de l’autonomie des groupements religieux et du principe de l’inadmissibilité d’intervenir pour l’État aux affaires intérieures des groupements religieux – 5. Non-contradiction de la Convention des exigences intérieures des groupements religieux sur la loyauté et la conformité des personnes se trouvant dans les relations de service avec le groupement religieux – 6. Absence des raisons fournies par les faits juridiques suffisantes et justifiant réellement l’assimilation (la mise au même niveau) des groupements religieux avec n’importe quelles autres organisations-employeurs dans la sphère de la réglementation des relations de travail – 7. Légalité de l’instauration des restrictions à la création et les activités des syndicats dans les certaines sphères des relations publiques – 8. Compétence de la Roumanie de fixer dans la législation les restrictions à la liberté des syndicats conformément à la sphère des relations religieuses – 9. Signification des résultats du jugement de l’affaire «Syndicat “Le Bon Pasteur” c. Roumanie» (requête 2330/09) pour L’Église Orthodoxe Russe- 10. Conclusion.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La costituzione di organizzazioni sindacali di ministri di culto e laici appartenenti alla BOR - 3. Il riconoscimento della personalità giuridica civile al “Sindicatul Pǎstorul cel Bun”- 4. La questione davanti alla Corte EDU: la preminenza del diritto alla tutela attraverso l’azione sindacale - 5. La Corte EDU e l’esistenza di un “besoin social impérieux” - 6. La risposta della Chiesa ortodossa romena alla sentenza CEDU e l’appello alla Grand Chambre - 7. Alcune considerazioni conclusive.

The exercise of trade-union activity of ministers of religion in the Ortodox Rumenian Church

ABSTRACT: The paper analyses the decision of the EDU Court on lack of recognition of the civil corporate status to the “Sindicatul Pǎstorul cel Bun” formed by ministers of religion and laics of the BOR. This decision was appealed before the Grand Chambre of the Romenian State. In this perspective the debate around the development of the situation within the BOR in relation to what is established by the Romanian law is studied, posing the accent on ecclesiological as well as juridical aspects of the problem. Though without omitting to analyse the labor law aspect of the dispute, the A. offers elements of consideration on the connection between the decision of the EDU Court and art. 8 of the Convention on Human Rights, in relation to the protection of religious denominations autonomy and their right to auto-organization. The paper ends up with considerations on the possibility of juridical systems to impose religious denominations organizations elements of democracy, without violating the principles of autonomy, separation and secularity.

 

SOMMARIO: 1. Libertà religiosa e libertà di educazione: note preliminari – 2. Consiglio d’Europa ed Unione Europea: la salvaguardia dei diritti dell’uomo e delle libertà fondamentali – 3. La Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo – 4. La funzione interpretativa della Corte nel diritto interno. In particolare, quale fonte integratrice del parametro interposto di costituzionalità ex art. 117, comma 1° Cost. – 5. Educazione e religione nella giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. I rapporti familiari – 6. Libertà religiosa e libertà di educazione nel prisma della struttura scolastica. Le scuole confessionalmente orientate – 7. Gli insegnamenti obbligatori di religione – 8. I simboli religiosi – 9. In particolare, la “questione” del crocifisso (caso Lautsi c. Italia) – 10. Sintesi conclusiva.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the paper consists in examining the cases submitted to the European Court of Human Rights in which religious freedom (art. 9 of European Convention of Human Rights) is, in a specific way, related to the right to education (art. 1 of Protocol 1). The fields where arise most important problems are as follows: family relationship, denominational Schools, compulsory denominational (confessional) instruction in Schools, religious symbols in State Schools. From the latest judgments at Strasbourg Court, it seems to emerge a new perspective of the principle of laicità, clearly open to social pluralism. As the Court stated concerning educative pluralism: “the possibility of pluralism in education […] is essential for the preservation of the “democratic society” as conceived by the Convention”.