Contenuti per la categoria: Bioethics and law

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il principio di leale collaborazione tra i poteri in Italia - 3. I significati del principio di leale collaborazione all'interno di un ordinamento - 4. Tipologia di pronuncia della sentenza n. 242 del 2019 - 5. Metodo decisorio della Corte - 6. Considerazioni conclusive.

The "loyal collaboration between the powers" has completed its parable. Brief considerations on the sidelines of the Sentence n. 242/2019.

ABSTRACT: The Italian Constitutional Court in sentence no. 242 of November 2019 founded its decision to rewrite the contested rule by claiming its power to "manage the constitutional process". The author's aim is to solicit a reflection on the work of the Court which cannot and must not legislate in place of Parliament since only the latter has had the popular mandate in order to implement the laws necessary for the nation.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa di metodo - 2. Giustizia limiti e sacralità del “fine vita” - 3. Tra indisponibilità della vita e diritto di autodeterminazione individuale. La prospettiva della Corte EDU … - 4. … e le prudenti soluzioni del diritto italiano tra leggi e prassi giurisprudenziale - 5. Considerazioni conclusive: esiste la libertà di congedarsi dal mondo?

The experience of pain and the reasons for hope. Reflections on the end of life of postmodern man

ABSTRACT: The surprising development of biotechnology, new knowledge and unprecedented possibilities of intervention on human beings, have strongly affected the natural events of being born and dying, bringing out new rights and new instances of protection, aimed at ensuring respect for individual self-determination and human dignity in the face of the increasingly pressing intrusiveness of science and technology. Nonetheless, these possibilities offered by science may, for some, not coincide with the ideal conception of life and human dignity, since these are interventions capable of prolonging survival in often very critical conditions, not always adequate to guarantee a life worth living. At this point, the question is whether there is a way to pursue a harmonious composition between the concepts of life and human dignity, in the extreme variety of cases where there is a question of their protection, especially with regard to end-of-life issues.

Il carattere eccezionale della “circoscritta area”, in cui la Corte costituzionale ha affermato la non punibilità di chi aiuta al suicidio o, meglio, assiste una persona nel morire, risalta nitidamente al cospetto dell’assenza di limiti dell’area individuata allo stesso fine dal BundesVerfassungsGericht (BVG) con una sentenza pubblicata molto di recente. Benché perciò non sia possibile in questa sede il commento approfondito che la decisione meriterebbe, si possono prendere, tuttavia, almeno alcuni appunti comparativi. (segue)

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. I precedenti giurisprudenziali - 3. Un nuovo ruolo per i giudici tunisini? - 4. La tutela dei diritti e delle libertà: tra comparazione e fiqh - 5. Profili comparatistici. Il processo di rettifica del genere in una pronuncia della Corte d’appello di Beirut - 6. Considerazioni conclusive.

A landmark decision concerning gender rectification in Tunisia: the right to a private life between comparative law, international law and fiqh

ABSTRACT: The decision of the Tribunal of Tunis, concerning gender rectification in public registries of a transgender FtM person who underwent sex reassignment treatment, is an example of innovative case law. The judgment, changing the previous case law, is characterized by the use of the comparative method, so that, in the grounds for ruling, legal principles from different foreign jurisdictions and the fiqh coexist. Specifically, the Tribunal of Tunis, showing an open and dialogical approach to other jurisdictions and legislations of the globe, has consecrated the fundamental human right of gender rectification in public registries, rarely recognized in other Arab countries.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La procedura costituzionale - 3. Il diritto penale - 4. I principî: a) la dignità … - 5. (segue) b) la coscienza … - 6. (segue) c) la separazione (ovvero la laicità).

Presented uncostitutionality and justifiable assisted suicide: innovations in continuity

ABSTRACT: For the first time the Italian Constitutional Court adopted a double ruling (anticipatory the one, deciding the other) in the same judicial review. And for the first time also elaborated the circumstances of a justifiable (doctor-) assisted suicide, that so far was in any case a crime. They are two outstanding jurisprudential innovations, however the aim of the Author is to demonstrate that they are not in break but in continuity with the decision techniques of the Court, on one hand, and the leading cases on the topic of criminal justifications, on the other hand. Particularly the concept of subjective dignity, that according to the Court is the reason behind the decision of the patient, is recurring in the precedents of the Court of Cassation. Generally, moreover, the concepts of conscience, life and death prevail on this matter, neverthless are differently interpreted according to an ethic, specially religious, perspective or a secular, specially state, perspective. The merit of the decision consists precisely of the separatist, secular planning between ethics and law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Oggetto del presente contributo e metodologia di ricerca - 2. Analisi giuridica e rilievi critici - 3. Il paradigma morale interno - 4. La dinamica evolutiva - 5. Conclusioni.

The Alabama Human Life Protection Act: juridical criticisms, moral contradictions and policy implications

ABSTRACT: The paper aims at analyzing and highlighting potential juridical criticism of the recent abortion law referred to as The Alabama Human Life Protection Act and verifying if the positive judgments, expressed by the international pro-life movement, and the potential legal, social and policy developments, triggered by this legislation, are consistent with the moral principles of the movement itself.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. L’ordinanza n. 207 del 2018 della Consulta e la rilevanza costituzionale del “bene vita” - 3. L’„assolutezza” del diritto all’autodeterminazione terapeutica e la sua prevalenza sulla “indisponibilità” del diritto alla vita - 4. Il necessario riconoscimento del diritto all’aiuto al suicidio a tutela della visione personale della “dignità” nel morire ... - 5. ... e del divieto di discriminazioni nel darsi la morte attraverso il distacco delle macchine di sostegno vitale - 6. La “laicità” del biodiritto e il governo delle questioni “eticamente sensibili” - 7. L’apparente “neutralità” dell’opzione pro choice e la disciplina giuridica delle scelte di fine vita.

Health Treatments, Right to Self-determination and End-of-life Choices after Constitutional Court Ordinance No. 207/2018

ABSTRACT: The present essay deals with the issue regarding end-of-life choices after Italian Constitutional Court ruling No. 207/2018, which has prefigured, in certain exceptional situations, the partial unconstitutionality of the provision prohibiting aid to suicide (Article 580 of the Italian Criminal Code). The Author stresses that the patient’s right to refuse or interrupt life-saving treatment can be deemed to be protected by the Constitution, while the enactment of a right to assisted suicide into Italian law would require an ethical choice, which should instead be left to the discretionary assessment of the lawmakers.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il divieto di maternità surrogata nell’ordinamento italiano - 2. Diritto ebraico e bioetica - 3. “Crescete e moltiplicatevi”. Il precetto divino di procreare e la maternità surrogata nel diritto ebraico - 4. Conclusioni.

Some starting points for comparison between Italian law and Jewish law on surrogate motherhood

ABSTRACT: Recent scientific progress in reproductive biotechnologies implies significant transformations in terms of the value and culture of the concept of maternity, which is no longer attributable to the legal definition of “mother” offered by Italian civil legislation. Assisted reproductive technologies separate the reproductive aspect and sexual union of the couple, finally leading to the metamorphosis of the relational dynamics underlying the “family identity” and the birth of new types of biolegal contracts. The study sets out to compare the approach that the Italian legal system reserves for the phenomenon of surrogacy with that which has developed at the heart of Jewish law. The interesting variety of opinions of the rabbinical authorities, which express both the Orthodox positions and the more progressive ones, show how Jewish speculation around bioethical reproductive issues has led to a respectful comparison of knowledge and judgements of the minority opinions that enter, with equal dignity, into the legal debate and are enhanced by the absence of a superior interpretation.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Identità di genere ovvero la cultura che sovrasta la natura - 3. Presupposti antropologici in tema di sessualità - 4. Il potere decisionale del giudice 5. Il diritto alla identità di genere così inteso esiste davvero? 6. Considerazioni conclusive.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il "vivente": inoperosità dei concetti della filosofia profana dei Lumi - 2. La ricerca-costruzione di una infinita-fine - 3. Le scienze "sperimentali" come la non distinzione tra "causa" e "effetto" - 4. La nuova questione di metodo posta al "vivente" - 5. La sfida di una etica come adeguazione tra etica e metodo.

ABSTRACT: "Living beings". Irrelevancy of the concept by philosophers of Enlightenment. Research-creation as endless end of living beings. "Experimental" sciences constraint to elaborate an adequacy between ethics and methodological approach.