SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Main Part. An Examination - 3. Complete exhaustion of the subject of the executive act adopted by the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1686 - 4. Assessment of the actions from the perspective of the legislation of the Republic of Turkey - 5. Conclusions.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Evoluzione storica del lettorato: da ordine minore a ministero istituito - 3. Normativa canonica universale sul ministero del lettorato: dal CIC del 1983 a oggi - 4. Il diritto particolare della Conferenza episcopale italiana sul ministero del lettore: dal 1973 a oggi - 5. Discussione sull’accesso della donna al ministero del lettorato - 6. Conclusioni.
The ministry of lector: historical-canonical perspectives and Italian Episcopal Conference particular law
ABSTRACT: The paper intends to analyze the ministry of lector, describing its historical evolution from the minor order to institued ministry, after the motu proprio Ministeria quaedam of Pope Paul VI (1972). Then, the autor proposes an overview of its status in Canon and liturgical laws. Next, the particular law of the Italian Episcopal Conference is analyzed, and, finally, the possibility of the opening of the ministry of lector for women is discussed.
SOMMARIO: 1. Le norme sulla Santa comunione dei fedeli celiaci - 2. Le recenti linee guida emanate su richiesta di Papa Francesco - 3. Il pane mere triticeus come insostituibile elemento dell’Eucarestia - 4. La fonte della liturgia cattolica sul divieto dell’uso di ostie gluten free come materia eucaristica: il pane dell’ultima cena - 5. Il glutine come parte del pane eucaristico - 6. Il fedele celiaco e la Santa comunione tra ostie a basso contenuto di glutine, comunione sub sola specie vini e comunione spirituale - 7. L’uso di organismi geneticamente modificati (OGM) nell’Eucarestia e la genuinità della materia eucaristica - 8. Conclusioni.
GMO and low gluten host. The communion of the celiacs faithful: an open question
ABSTRACT: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in susceptible individuals. Currently, there is no specific medical treatment for celiac disease. The only treatment for this disorder is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Catholic Church affirmed that bread, to be valid material for the Eucharist, must be made of wheat, must contain enough gluten for breadmaking and must be free of foreign matter. In order to meet the needs of those who suffer from the celiac disease, it has introduced the validity of low gluten. The Circular Letter issued at the request of Pope Francis has not changed the Holy Communion of the celiac faithful. Nevertheless, the document also decided that Eucharistic matter made with OGM could be considered valid matter. The Roman rite finds its theological source in the elements of Eucarist by Jesus instituted in the Last Easter Supper. The sources, however, do not indicate the matter of the bread offered at the Last Supper. So can we say that it was really made of wheat? The solution to this enigma is very important. In fact, it could open up new horizons on Eucharistic matter and on the validity of the gluten free hosts.
SOMMARIO: 1. I precedenti e le premesse per un cambio di prospettiva - 2. Il “discernimento” delle convinzioni dei soggetti sulla nullità del proprio matrimonio alla luce del paradigma della discontinuità nella continuità - 3. L’indagine giuridico-pastorale propedeutica all’introduzione dei giudizi sulla nullità del matrimonio - 4. La predisposizione di un ambiente processuale favorevole al vaglio delle “prove di coscienza” - 5. Gli apparati giudiziari al servizio delle convinzioni di coscienza delle parti - 6. L’intento di non turbare le convinzioni di coscienza dei conviventi in buona fede e il ruolo delle direttive extra-giudiziali sul possibile ricorso a soluzioni epicheietiche.
The convictions of the spouses on the validity of marriage: incidences on the process
ABSTRACT: The trial reforms introduced by the present Pontificate and the emanation of the Apostolic Exhortation ‘Amoris Laetitia’, in respect of the criterion of “graduality” that inspires the itinerary of the “Church in exit” traced by Pope Francis, do not bring substantial novelty about how “to discern” the convictions of the parties on the validity of marriage. They put into effect, nevertheless, a change of perspective, or rather a different point of view from which to consider these convictions, while still respecting the declarative nature of the nullity judgments, as distinct from legal and pastoral directives on possible epikeia solutions.
SOMMARIO: 1. Il background di una riforma “missionaria” - 2. Insidie ermeneutiche della clausola - 3. Esegesi soggettive e oggettive: limiti applicativi - 4. Una versione mediata: la valutazione sull’appello come indagine de merito causæ - 5. L’applicazione della clausola al processo ordinario … - 6. … e al processus brevior - 7. Considerazioni conclusive.
“Si appellatio mere dilatoria evidenter appareat”: some considerations on the sidelines of cann. 1682, § 2 and 1687, § 4 C.i.c. after the motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus
ABSTRACT: The paper aims to analyze the problems underlying the clause that states “si appellatio mere dilatoria evidenter appareat”, introduced with the Motu proprio “Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus” with whom Pope Francis has reformed the processes of marriage nullity in 2015. Beyond the mere terminologic matter, which has also committed the doctrine, given the imperfect clarity of the terms of which the clause is composed, what is at stake is the right of appeal granted to the losing party following a decision “pro nullitate matrimonii”. Legislative innovation must be lowered whithin a broader field of reform, where it’s called to interface with the background of ordinary process and of the new processus brevior, that has the primary goal to chase after the speed-up of processes. The risk of subjectivism in which the judges could fall, focusing on the mere intentions of the appellant subject or on the simple reasons given, and not giving rise to a complete judgment where to reach moral certainty, should be avoided in order to safeguard the aspiration of justice that canon law can not not have, and that precise connotations in terms of faith have only to contribute increasing.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il Diritto come legittimazione - 3. La corrispondenza tra istituzione e ordinamento - 4. La terzietà del Diritto - 5. La non-necessarietà del legislatore affinché si abbia vero Diritto - 6. Per concludere.
Legal Order and Canon law: The Structuring Contribution of Santi Romano
ABSTRACT: The contribution of the State’s System Theory of Santi Romano is decisive for illustrating and protecting the singularities of Canon Law without jeopardizing its intrinsic juridical nature, rather, by confirming it precisely because of the “institutional” nature of the Church. The substantial contributions that "L’ordinamento giuridico" offers to the systematic and dogmatic understanding of Canon Law are four: law as legitimacy, the conformity between institution and legal system, the neutrality of the law, the non-necessity of the Legislator in order to have true law.
SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa circa il contesto e le motivazioni della lettera al Pontefice - 2. La Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis: punto di arrivo o di inizio di un dibattito? Antecedenti storici e parallelismi da precisare nelle argomentazioni degli estensori - 3. Un bersaglio polemico non sorprendente: l’Esortazione Amoris Laetitia. Questioni pastorali e contrapposizioni tra visioni diverse sul diritto della Chiesa - 4. Lo stylus del Pontificato. Temi giuridici e prospettive future per lo studio dell’ordo iuris ecclesiae: prime conclusioni.
Lights and shadows of a controversial document: the "Correctio filialis de haeresibus propagatis". Some outlines in Public Canon Law.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the current debate about recent Pope Francis’s propositions and affirmations regarding the Roman catholic doctrine and the concrete development of religious marriages in secular societies. One of the most important documents disputing the latest reforms and measures could be considered the so called “Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis” that is intended to be a sort of manifesto of dissatisfaction and disappointment against the renewal of a comprehensive and tolerant approach in Canon Law’s rules concerning the status of divorced people and the assumed “irregular” civil unions. In spite of underlining some important aspects, probably not completely deepened by the Pope, that document at the same time undervalues the conceptual efforts to make the doctrine adequate to answer to a typical sense of restlessness in our time, even from a legal point of view.
SOMMARIO: 1. La celebrazione del giorno del Signore - 2. L’ascendenza e lo sviluppo dell’obbligo - 3. Dalle origini del cristianesimo alle prime disposizioni canoniche - 4. La concezione del precetto nella canonistica classica - 5. Dalla disciplina tridentina alla codificazione piano benedettina - 6. L’attuale regolamentazione normativa - 7. La genesi dei canoni - 8. Il contenuto delle disposizioni codiciali - 9. Gli sviluppi e le indicazioni successive - 10. Il fondamento e la logica della partecipazione eucaristica - 11. La “sostanzialità” della prescrizione celebrativa - 12. L’incentivo e la riscoperta della pratica domenicale.
The Foundation, Logic and Content of the Eucharistic Observance of the Precept Regarding Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation
Abstract: This article examines the foundation and ratio of the eucharistic observance of the precept regarding Sundays and holy days of obligation, beginning with an overview of the question within both canonical tradition and current normative logic The historical-conceptual excursus highlights the maine phases of the formation of ecclesiastical discipline, while the analysis of current regulations demonstrates the continuity of normative provisions and eventual refinements. The dimension of justice manifests, above all, the social and institutional value of the precept, while the essential and particular characteristics of Christian holidays are also related to the communal and sacramental nature of the celebration. The logic behind the precept corresponds, then, to the solidarity, historicity, rationality and humanity of its observance. The regard for the “centrality of the Mass” leads to a respect for the substantiality and integrity of the good that is due. The incentive for and rediscovery of the Sunday practice depend primarily on catechetical and formative activity, but cannot be separated from juridical and directive contributions or the responsibility of members of the faithful and pastors.
SOMMARIO: I. Premessa. - 2, 3, 4, 5. Concorrenza del diritto dello Stato e della Chiesa a qualificare i medesimi comportamenti: possibili conflitti. - 6, 7, 8, 9. Valutazione canonistica del problema. Illiceità del matrimonio civile fra cattolici. Questione dei limiti concordatari ai poteri punitivi dei superiori ecclesiastici in Italia. Valutazione della questione sotto il profilo dell’opportunità canonica. - 10, 11, 12, 13. Sua valutazione statualistica. Posizione del diritto della Chiesa rispetto a quello dello Stato. Natura del rapporto fra fedele e superiore ecclesiastico pel nostro ordinamento. Conseguenze. - 14, 15, 16, 17. Delimitazione del jus libertatis Ecclesiae. Limiti funzionali. - 18. Limiti obiettivi. - 19. Conclusione.
SOMMARIO: 1. Riforma del Terzo settore e servizio della carità nella Chiesa - 2. La riforma del Terzo settore e le nuove sfide per gli enti ecclesiastici - 3. Il Motu proprio “Intima Ecclesiae natura” e l’evoluzione dell’ordinamento canonico - 4. Il Codice del Terzo settore e la sua applicazione agli enti ecclesiastici - 5. Implicazioni per gli enti della Chiesa: l’esigenza di trasparenza - 6. Il principio della trasparenza nella dottrina canonistica - 7. Il “patrimonio destinato”: implicazioni nell’ordinamento canonico - 8. Attività diverse e controlli canonici: la sfida della governance e della gestione in un contesto concordatario - 9. Osservazioni conclusive.
Catholic Church entities and the reform of the Third sector in Italian legislation. Canonical implications
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the canonical implications of Italy’s recent Third sector reform in Italian legislation (d. lgs n. 117/2017) for Catholic Church entities and/or agencies for charitable purposes. It starts with some preliminary remarks on the recent evolution of Canon Law concerning the discipline of charitable organizations and agencies that followed the Motu proprio Intima Ecclesiae natura, issued by Pope Benedict XVI in December 2012. It then examines the general framework of the new regulation of non profit organizations in Italian law, emphasizing the pros and cons (opportunities and risks) of its application to religious entities, particularly those connected to the Catholic Church, which in Italy traditionally enjoy a special discipline safeguarding their canonical structure and purposes. The paper then focuses on the impact of the new civil regulation that allows a wide range of charitable initiatives on behalf of religious organizations, on the governance of Catholic Church entities, which are submitted to the directives and authorizations of ecclesiastical authorities. Finally, it draws some conclusive remarks on the need to update and reform some administrative rules and praxis concerning the administration and finance of charitable institutions in Canon Law.