Contenuti per la categoria: Trattamenti sanitari

Emergency contraception with EllaOne, an over-the-counter drug dispensed without a prescription

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Contraccezione di emergenza e libertà di coscienza: profili generali - 3. La determina del Direttore generale dell’AIFA dell’8 ottobre 2020 che ha eliminato l’obbligo della prescrizione medica per la dispensazione e vendita anche alle minorenni dell’Upristal acetato (EllaOne) - 4. Prima il TAR del Lazio e poi il Consiglio di Stato respingono il ricorso presentato da un gruppo di Associazioni impegnate nella difesa della vita ritenendo che l’azione di EllaOne sia quello di interferire l’ovulazione senza esercitare alcun effetto incapacitante l’annidamento dell’ovulo fecondato - 5. La contraccezione di emergenza esula davvero dal perimetro dell’atto medico? Una discutibilissima forzatura che spegne gli effetti del principio-guida del consenso informato quando la donna è minorenne - 6. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: The Author, starting from the decision of the Director General of AIFA of 8 October 2020 who liberalized the dispensation to the public of EllaOne, comments on the recent sentence of the Council of State which rejected the appeal presented by some associations for its annulment. And he criticizes the contents, highlighting the incompleteness of the scientific reconstruction regarding the effects of emergency hormonal contraceptives and the danger of the choice to alienate the dispensing of over-the-counter drugs from the general rules of health treatment. Especially in the case of minor women whose sexual and reproductive health requires not abandoning them but really taking charge of them without medicalising their choices.

The Tragic Choices during the Covid Health Emergency: When the Resources are Limited, Who Should be Cured First among Several Patients? A Comparative Law Analysis

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L’approccio italiano: le raccomandazioni di etica clinica della SIAARTI e le linee guida SIAARTI-SIMLA - 3. La gestione della scarsità di risorse sanitarie a livello comparato - 4. Considerazioni (finali) comparatistiche - 5. Uno sguardo verso il futuro.

ABSTRACT: During the Covid-19 health emergency, a situation of scarcity of resources of different nature, albeit all somehow connected with the “medical world” (e.g. nurses and doctors), dramatically unfolded. This organisational “catch-22” induced the SIAARTI (the Italian Medical Society) to issue some recommendations of clinical ethics. The last ones turn out to be the subject matter of multiple criticisms: given the potential criteria of allocation of resources, one of those adopted the chronological one. Starting from this reflection, the paper discusses and analyses, from a comparative perspective, the approach taken by further countries: in this respect the demarcation lines existing between the Italian responses to the pandemic and those coming from other European - but not EU, namely Switzerland and the United Kingdom - countries will be highlighted.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’epidemia nel Codice civile italiano - 2. “Una brutta notizia, avvolta in una proteina” - 3. Le misure di contenimento dell’epidemia da Covid-19 adottate e l’esordio di vaccini anti-Covid-19 - 4. La vaccinazione obbligatoria: precedenti storici italiani - 5. La vaccinazione obbligatoria contro il Covid-19, oggi: una mappa mondiale - 6. La vaccinazione contro il Covid-19 in Italia: obbligo, diritto od onere? 7. Il problema della compatibilità dell’obbligo vaccinale con il quadro normativo costituzionale ed europeo - 8. Conclusioni.

The introduction of a compulsory vaccination in Italy: critical profiles

ABSTRACT: The multiple Covid-19 vaccines developed until now are typically thought of as the only means to meet the challenges posed by the current pandemic. The Italian legal system offers a composite framework for the regulation of vaccinations against Covid-19 and more precisely provides for the burden of vaccination for many categories of people (including healthcare workers). The purpose of this paper is to verify the legitimacy of a compulsory vaccination in the light of Italian and European sources of law. In this perspective, the Author argues that a compulsory vaccination against Covid-19 could be considered not consistent with both the Italian Constitution and the European legislation. Furthermore, the Author focuses on the phenomenon of vaccine esitancy, questioning whether a policy of mandatory vaccination is the proper tool for supporting the effective implementation of vaccination strategies.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La Chiesa Ortodossa del Patriarcato di Mosca come confessione multinazionale - 3. Le disposizioni rituali di contrasto alla pandemia da parte delle Chiese auto amministrate appartenenti al Patriarcato di Mosca - 4. La Chiesa Ortodossa Rumena di fronte alla pandemia - 5. Il Patriarcato Ecumenico e l’orientamento delle Chiese Autocefale.

Orthodoxy, Pandemic, and Legislation of Eastern European Countries for the Safeguard of Health

ABSTRACT: The article examines the attitude and the regulations adopted by the clergy and believers of the major Orthodox Churches in relation to the pandemic. In this perspective, the modifications requested by States in the field of public religious functions and ritual celebrations are the object of the current analysis. Furthermore, the modalities of the administration of the sacraments and the carrying out of religious functions in relation to the protection of religious freedom are critically assessed and commented.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La confessione dei Testimoni di Geova e il nodo dei principi religiosi tra politica e diritto - 3. Il nodo dell’intesa. Le tappe del negoziato - 4. L’impasse e le difficili vie d’uscita.

On the State-Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses agreement

ABSTRACT: To date, the State-Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses agreement is waiting to complete the procedure within the meaning of article 8, paragraph 3, of the Italian Constitution. The latest statements by the government refer to the need for further information on health matters, evoking the issue of refusal of blood transfusion treatments. On a legal level, there are difficulties in overcoming the impasse in which the agreement is, also because there isn't a legislative discipline of the procedure prefigured in the article 8 of the Constitution; furthermore the statements made in 2016 by the Constitutional Court on the political nature of the government's choices regarding the agreements can be an obstacle. The paper deals with these points, also taking into account the application to the ECHR presented by the Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses against the Italian Republic.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Parental authority and the inherent rights of the minor. The best interests of the minor - 2.1. Conflicting rights. The current understanding of parental authority - 2.2. Limits to parental authority. Personality rights - 2.3. The minor’s consent in surgical procedures - 2.4. Circumcision and the best interests of the minor. An act which falls within parental authority? - 3. Criminal responsibility in acts of circumcision for religious motives - 3.1. The criminal approximation to female genital mutilation - 3.2. Circumcision in criminal jurisprudence - 4. Concluding remarks. De iure condendo contributions.

SOMMARIO: 1. - Il “caso Oneda” - 2. -Evoluzione successiva e stato attuale - 3. - La violenza medica - 4. Conclusioni - Appendice.

Freedom of choice of therapy and medical violence. Brief Considerations on the Refusal of Blood Transfusions by Jehovah's Witnesses

ABSTRACT: This short essay considers the change in the jurisprudential orientation on the matter in the light of the recent regulatory and healthcare evolution. In Italy the debate began with the Oneda case, which saw the conviction of two parents who opposed the transfusions of their daughter - at the time the only known therapy to combat a severe form of anemia. Nowadays, this question must be contextualized in the light both of the principle of health self-determination and the possibility of the "bloodless" treatment. Therefore, the Court of Tivoli (the sentence is attached in appendix) recently convicted a doctor who transfused a dissenting patient for “private violence”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La tutela della salute nell’emergenza sanitaria: le raccomandazioni e linee guida delle società scientifiche quali sintomi della crisi delle fonti del diritto - 3. Il concetto di vulnerabilità - 4. Le Raccomandazioni di etica clinica della SIAARTI del 6 marzo 2020: criticità - 5. Le linee guida SIAARTI-SIMLA: nulla di nuovo nelle scelte di triage – 6. Conclusioni.

The problem of vulnerability in the SIAARTI Recommendations and in the SIAARTI-SIMLA guidelines

ABSTRACT: During the health emergency from Covid-19 a situation of scarcity of health resources has been realized that has induced the SIAARTI to elaborate of the recommendations of clinical ethics. The latter are subject to multiple criticism because of the choice of criteria for allocation of resources because one of the criteria used is the chronological criteria. From this it was decided to analyze the condition of a category of vulnerable people, namely the elderly, during the health emergency. Subsequently, the position these subjects possess within the recommendations of clinical ethics of SIAARTI and the guidelines elaborated by SIAARTI and SIMLA was analyzed.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’art. 7 del d.p.r. n. 285 del 1990 - 2. Parti anatomiche amputate e rifiuti infettivi - 3. Riflessioni sul trattamento dei feti abortiti - 4. Qualche precisazione su temi connessi - 5. A mo’ di conclusione.

“The Ball and the Cross”: the fetuses aborted as medical waste to be destroyed or as mortal remains to be honoured

ABSTRACT: Is there an obligation for Italian hospitals to destroy aborted fetuses as infectious waste? Yes, for a recently published paper. On the contrary, we’ll se that, even without an explicit application of the mother, the hospital has the right not to destroy the aborted fetus, proceeding to its burial or cremation. In fact, it is necessary to interpret correctly the article 7 of the Decree of the President of the Republic n. 285 of 1990, also applying the rules on the treatment of medical waste. So it will be clear that the same regulations for the treatment of recognizable body parts must be applied to the treatment of aborted fetuses.

SOMMARIO: 1. Un contrasto “accademico” - 2. Sulla possibilità di porre restrizioni all’effettivo esercizio delle libertà democratiche garantite dalla Costituzione: condizioni e limiti - 3. La necessità del ricorso al principio e al test di proporzionalità - 4. L’occasione mancata di un proficuo confronto - 5. Gli effetti secondari (ma non troppo) della pandemia: “fratture” e “passaggi” - 6. Alla declinante bilateralità in senso stretto si affianca la concertazione in ascesa: prospettive e vuoti – 7. I rischi della bilateralità “diffusa” – 8. Un cenno finale.

The "secondary” (yet not unimportant) effects of the pandemic on the Italian law and religion and its sources.

The author explains the reasons why the limitations of freedom of worship have been an issue of secondary interest to him during the pandemic. He stresses how the topic should be examined indipendently, as the limitations have affected all the democratic freedoms. The pandemic has made it clear that religious freedom cannot be considered as a “special right”. As other foundamental rights, this should also be subject to reasonable accommodation. The pandemic has also allowed the scholars to consider using new types of administrative arrangements to replace the “classic” agreements between the State and the religious organisations (“concordati” and “intese”).