Contenuti per la categoria: Libertà di coscienza e di religione, individuale e collettiva

Sommario: PARTE I: LE INTERAZIONI CLASSICHE - 1. Salute e religione, un tema tradizionale in evoluzione - 2. La “religione” come cura. Santoni e guaritori - 3. Libertà religiosa versus tutela della salute. Le pratiche di mutilazione genitale femminile - 4. (segue) La circoncisione maschile - PARTE II: LE INTERAZIONI EMERGENTI - 5. Il dissenso religioso al trattamento sanitario. Il caso dei testimoni di Geova, e non solo - 6. Le nuove frontiere di tutela della salute nella legge n. 219 del 2017. Gli effetti sull’identità religiosa del paziente-fedele - 7. (segue) Gli spazi di obiezione di coscienza del personale medico sanitario.

Religious identity and right to health. Classic and emerging interactions

ABSTRACT: The relationship existing between health and religion is innate. Legal systems started dealing with it since the first formulations about freedom of religion and right to health, in order to take care of the individual and collective needs. Taking this premise into account, the first part of the essay analyzes the classic interactions between health and religion, in which the latter replaces official medicine or prescribes harmful conduct. Consequently, legal systems have developed resolutive dialectics which can be applied to new specific cases brought by multiculturalism, like infibulation. In the second part, the essay examines the emerging interactions caused by a third party - the medical health personnel - owner of the duty of care and freedom of conscience, recreating the solutions offered by doctrine and law. Lastly, it focuses on the objections which can be moved by the medical health personnel, which are connected to early end-of-life dispositions (law n. 219/2017), proposing solutions to the lack of regulation left by the law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. I confini del diritto - 2. La dimensione etica, prima base dell’Ordinamento - 3. Il rapporto pubblico-privato, la stagione delle Riforme. Le nuove relazioni ecclesiastiche - 4. La laicità, fonte delle leggi, coerente con la dignità della persona.

SOMMARIO: 1. Un nuovo tipo di approccio alla vexata quaestio della legittimità dell’esposizione del crocifisso nelle aule scolastiche italiane - 2. L’ordinanza della Cassazione 18 settembre 2020, n. 19618: i fatti di causa e lo svolgimento del giudizio di merito - 3. I diritti nell’ambiente scolastico rivendicati dal ricorrente e l’inquadramento della vicenda operato dalla Cassazione - 4. L’(ingiustificata) esclusione dalla sfera applicativa del regio decreto n. 965 del 1924 delle scuole secondarie superiori - 5. I presupposti per far valere una discriminazione indiretta ai danni del lavoratore - 6. L’incongruenza della tesi che desume l’esistenza di una “finalità legittima” del trattamento differenziato dall’esigenza del rispetto della “coscienza morale e civile degli alunni” come declinata dalla “volontà della maggioranza” dei medesimi - 7. La diversa ipotesi della “finalità legittima” del trattamento differenziato dipendente da una decisione rientrante nelle competenze degli organi di autogoverno della scuola - 8. Gli scenari futuribili.

Crucifix and workers’ rights in the school environment (waiting for the United Sections of the Court of Cassation)

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the question of whether the display of crucifixes in public school classrooms is compatible with workers’ rights, in particular the right of teachers not to be discriminated against. To do so, it takes as its starting point a recent ruling by the Court of Cassation, which referred the matter to the United Sections of the same Court for a decision.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il caso - 2. La normativa di riferimento - 3. Interruzione di gravidanza e diritto alla privacy - 4. Nel nome della madre e del figlio mai nato - 5. I cimiteri dei feti - 6. Osservazioni conclusive.

A for abortion: The Scarlet Letter in XXI century in the “Garden of angels”.

ABSTRACT: The work analyzes in a juridical key the story of the burial of an abortive product, in the "garden of the angels" (Flaminio cemetery in Rome). The burial, which took place without the mother's consent, is marked by a cross with the woman's personal data. This circumstance raises several critical profiles, examined in the article, regarding the right to privacy, the right to self-determination and freedom of conscience.

El pasado 7 de marzo se celebró en Suiza un referéndum, propiciado por un partido de la derecha del país, a fin de prohibir el uso del burqa y el niqab islámico en los espacios públicos; aunque encubierta bajo la propuesta, aparentemente neutral, del veto a toda indumentaria que oculte el rostro de la persona. Los resultados arrojan la victoria de los partidarios del sí por una exigua mayoría (el 52% de los votos); lo cual refleja la división social existente. Ahora deberá ser el Gobierno suizo el que presente una ley en este sentido para su aprobación parlamentaria. Los carteles de propaganda del partido Unión Democrática de Centro, propugnador de la consulta, reflejan bien la motivación del veto. La cara de una mujer con el niqab a la que solo se ven los ojos se acompaña con un pie de cartel con la siguiente leyenda: “Paremos el extremismo. Sí a la prohibición”. Lo más llamativo es la expresión de la escasa zona del rostro de la mujer que se ve: el entrecejo fruncido, las cejas curvadas hacia el centro enmarcan unos ojos coléricos. Se diría que está amenazando al espectador. El cartel de propaganda es revelador del mensaje que se intenta transmitir, el mensaje del miedo; o, más allá, la identificación del musulmán con el violento, el terrorista. (segue)

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction - 2. The life and works of David Lazzaretti, the “Second Christ” from Arcidosso - 3. The ‘Prophet’ on the stand: the criminal trials in the State Courts - 4. Lazzaretti before the Tribunal of the Roman Holy Office - 5. Life after Death: Different interpretations of the Lazzaretti case - 6. The Prophet and the Alienists - 7. Conclusion: a prismatic figure.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to retrace a peculiar case occurred in the complex context of the decades after Italian Risorgimento and the Italian unification (1861). In particular, it will be analysed the case of David Lazzaretti a poor carter from Tuscany, self-proclaimed “Christ, Duce, Judge” and “the Second Son of God come to earth”, considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Catholic Church due his blasphemous writing. He founded the “Giurisdavidic Church” based on a sort of mystical and utopian socialism (his motto was: “The Republic is the kingdom of God”). His figure has given rise to lively controversy between those who considered him a martyr and who reputed him a mad visionary or a charlatan. In any case, Lazzaretti’s movements are emphasized above all for his tragic end: on the morning of August 18, 1878, while he was driving a peaceful procession from Monte Labbro to Arcidosso, a little town in Tuscany, he was killed by Italian carabinieri during a religious ceremony. After his death, medical science and in particular positivist psychiatry, also called “alienists”, described Lazzaretti not as a sacrilegious impostor but as a mentally ill person, who would have benefitted more from treatment than prosecution.

SOMMARIO: 1. La sfida del pluralismo educativo - 2. Il pluralismo educativo secondo l’elaborazione giurisprudenziale della Corte Europea dei diritti dell’Uomo - 3. La prospettiva antidiscriminatoria ed economica della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea - 4. L’effettività dell’istruzione pluralistica nell’ordinamento italiano - 5. Conclusioni.

The challenge of educational pluralism from a supranational and internal perspective

ABSTRACT: Whereas education plays a fundamental role in the construction of an inclusive society, the paper tries to outline the delicate balance between respect for pluralistic demands and state discretion in the educational field, with particular reference to Italy, where an increasingly multi-ethnic society is accompanied by deeply rooted cultural and religious traditions. The analysis will focus on the different approach of supranational and national Courts on issues that are now crucial in educational pluralism both in the perspective of pluralism for the school and in the school.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Il caso della minoranza uigura come caso studio, tra identità etnico-religiosa, violazioni dei diritti umani e misure di contrasto all’epidemia di Covid-19 - 3. (segue) in particolare, il problema dei campi d’internamento nello Xinjiang e l’epidemia di Covid-19 - 4. Il contrasto tra le norme internazionali sui diritti umani e le misure adottate nei confronti della minoranza uigura: in particolare, il problema dei campi d’internamento - 5. Il contrasto tra le norme internazionali in materia di diritto alla salute e lotta alle pandemie e le misure adottate nello Xinjiang in tempi di Covid-19 - 6. Conclusioni.

Ethnic-religious minorities in times of Covid-19: China and the Uighur minority, between violations of human rights and violations of the right to health

ABSTRACT: The recent outbreak of Covid-19 that originated in China, has brought the matter of state sponsored persecution of the Uighur minority in Xinjiang to the attention of the international community. The problem of discrimination and persecution of such ethno-religious minority is not new. However, the spread of epidemic, has represented an opportunity for the Chinese national authorities to tighten the measures which have long been adopted against the Uighur minority. This paper aims at highlighting the great impact Covid-19 has had on the repression of Uighur minority since it has led to a dramatic escalation of the systematic violation of human rights which includes not only mass detention in internment camps but also the violation of other fundamental human rights such as the right to health and to access healthcare

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. L’esperienza “classica”: Atene - 3. L’esperienza “classica”: Roma - 4. Il IV secolo fra continuità e rotture.

Heterodoxy and religious minorities. Late Antiquity, at the end of a long journey

ABSTRACT: This paper aims to encourage some reflections on the issue of the origins of religious intolerance and on the issues related to the treatment of minorities in Greek and Roman antiquity. In particular, a significant moment in this affair, destined to have prolonged effects, is constituted by the anti-Jewish revolts in Alexandria, in the mid-first century. A.D.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La strategia elvetica per fare fronte alla pandemia e le osservazioni da parte della Conferenza Episcopale Svizzera - 3. La situazione italiana di fronte alla pandemia e le scelte in campo medico. I limiti all’autodeterminazione attraverso la proposta di introdurre l’obiezione di coscienza - 4. Conclusioni.

Switzerland and Italy: triage and intensive medicine solutions in comparison

ABSTRACT: Italy and Switzerland are two very different countries. This diversity is particularly evident in the health sector, not only in terms of its organization and management, but above all in the different approach that each country has with regard to the health of its members. The exaltation of therapeutic self-determination by Switzerland clashes with the medical paternalism to which Italy remains nostalgically linked, despite the fact that the needs of Italian society have changed profoundly. However, the dramatic choices to which the spread of Covid-19 has led have created the conditions for an inevitable reversal of the trend on the part of Italy and its approach to Swiss policies in terms of defending the freedom of choice of the individual.