Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico (Teoria generale del)

Current Law and Religion

ABSTRACT: Current Law and Religion, rethought as a subsector of public law having as its object the freedom of the religious dimension of the personality, variously posed - even ir-religious or a-religious -, is able to counter the power of the majorities but also of the totalizing tendency religious minorities. And it facilitates the jurisdiction in seeking a "reasonable accommodation".

SOMMARIO: 1. Le fonti non rinnovate - 2. L’affievolimento del dualismo e del bilateralismo - 3. Il diritto ecclesiastico attuale come diritto pubblico delle religioni - 4. Contro le maggioranze ma anche le minoranze di potere - 5. Il confronto con la giurisdizione.

Principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of religion in EU law and national approaches to the "neutrality" of the public employee 

ABSTRACT: For the first time, the Court of Justice of the European Union has been called upon to give a preliminary ruling on prohibition on wearing visible signs of political, philosophical or religious belief imposed by a public employer, from the perspective of the principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of religion enshrine in the Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 (establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation). After a look at principles of State neutrality in France, Germany and Belgium, the paper examines this issue by taking a cue from the Conclusions presented by the Advocate General in case C‑148/22. According to the Author, national identity, to which Article 4(2) TEU refers, leaves in this particular sector a wide margin of discretion to the Member States.

SOMMARIO: 1. Notazioni introduttive - 2. La rivendicazione del diritto della dipendente comunale belga di indossare il velo islamico e l’oggetto della questione sollevata davanti alla Corte di giustizia - 3. Le peculiarità nelle declinazioni nazionali del principio di “neutralità” dei pubblici dipendenti di Francia, Belgio e Germania. La “neutralità esclusiva” francese - 4. (segue) Il caso emblematico della particolare posizione dei genitori che in Francia accompagnano i figli nelle gite scolastiche - 5. (segue) L’approccio tendenzialmente inclusivo della Germania - 6. (segue) Le incertezze interpretative riguardanti la neutralità belga - 7. La sostanziale “privatizzazione” della controversia operata dall’Avvocato generale - 8. Accezioni “forti” e “deboli” di neutralità del pubblico dipendente e il discutibile profilarsi di un loro diverso impatto sull’identità costituzionale degli Stati membri - 9. Una conclusione provvisoria.

Institutional loyalty, religious fidelity and moral integrity in a democracy

ABSTRACT: The deontological and contractualist ethical approach in support of democracy has limits because it does not respect personal moral autonomy. This does not allow the single person to be loyal to public institutions, faithful to religion and morally consistent. Therefore, a consequentialist approach to the rules is proposed.

SOMMARIO: 1. Democrazia e religione - 2. Laicità e libertà - 3. Ragione e morale.

Is it possible to measure religious or belief minority rights?

ABSTRACT: Is it possible to measure how much the legal systems of the European Union countries respect and promote the rights of religious or belief minorities? Based on the findings of the Atlas of religious or belief minority rights research project (https://atlasminorityrights.eu), this article answers the question in the affirmative. The paper is divided into three parts. The first briefly describes the methodology and techniques used to measure minority rights. They are determined by the answers given to some preliminary questions that are discussed in the second part of the contribution. The last section of the article outlines the purpose and value of measuring religious or belief minority rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La misurazione dei diritti delle minoranze di religione e convinzione - 3. L’oggetto e i confini della misurazione - 4. L’utilità della misurazione.

ABSTRACT: Starting from the hermeneutic value played by the veil issue in analyzing the contemporary dynamics of the right to religious freedom in Europe, the paper will focus on the tension between the modern and contemporary paradigm of this right: a tension that makes its effects felt on the broader Mediterranean scale and that hints at new scenarios of a postmodern European right to religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduction - 2. Separation: The Matrix of Freedom of Religion as a Right of Modernity - 3. Islam and Separation: Modernity Stumbles - 4. A Broader Scenario: The Mediterranean Backdrop - 5. Prospects for a Post-modern Right to Freedom of Religion.

From hate speech to hate crime. A difficult balancing act

ABSTRACT: The work reconstructs the transition from hate speech to hate crime, through a reconstruction of comparative and supranational law, highlighting the difficult balancing of interests that underlies it with the related problems of the taxability and determinacy of the incriminating case.

Sommario: 1. Un breve chiarimento terminologico - 2. Bilanciamento e “legalità”: compatibilità e conflitti - 3. Libertà di espressione e meritevolezza di pena del discorso di odio - 4. Problemi di tassatività e di determinatezza del discorso di odio - 5. Uso e abuso del ricorso al bilanciamento. Alcuni casi scelti - 6. La crisi del bilanciamento: la nascita dei “super-diritti” e il ricorso al principio di proporzionalità.

Digital jihadism. Freedom of religion, security, democracy

ABSTRACT: The Digital Revolution and the emergence of the Algorithmic Society made difficult the relationship between security and liberty. On the one hand, the digitalizing of terrorism and extremism has put in danger the public safety, due to misuse of social media and platform to radicalize (lone wolves), recruit, train or planning terrorist attacks. On the other hand, the public-private model of governance of speech has endangered the freedom of religion and speech, by permitting private actors to censure users, through AI and without the shield of the rule of law, under the cloak of freedom of contracts. This paper analyzes the state of the art, trying to draw a perimeter for the study of underlying issues and relationship between religion, democracy and security in the digital era.

The bothersome secularity: constitutional secularity and religious freedom

ABSTRACT: In recent years, there has been a certain disenchantment of religious denominations with secularity. At the very time when secularity as a constitutional principle offered a broad guarantee for religious pluralism, its concrete implementation seemed to contradict this potential. The article examines how the modern, narrative conception of this principle continues to influence-and hinder-the constitutional dimension of secularity by undermining the integrative function performed by this fundamental principle.

Re-thinking social inclusion in the sustainability’s perspective

ABSTRACT: This essay critically discusses some theoretical problems related to the relationship between social inclusion and sustainability. In particular, it highlights that this is a two-way relationship that takes place within the representation of a concrete universal. The reflection is divided into three moments: first, the concept of sustainability is investigated in relation to the idea of future and then the concept of inclusion is investigated in relation to both identity and participation.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Un futuro possibile, un futuro in comune - 3. Inclusione e identità - 4. Inclusione e partecipazione.