Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico comparato e straniero

Nei giorni dello sgomento, del lutto per le atrocità degli attentati terroristici, le ordinanze sindacali sul divieto d’indossare il burqini sulle spiagge francesi hanno avuto il sapore penoso di una farsa fuori luogo, che ha alimentato un “dibattito surrealista” sulla laicità “balneare”. Quei divieti di carattere assoluto sono parsi una ripicca inappropriata, inutile se non dannosa: in questi casi, certo, non era in gioco la necessità di salvaguardare le esigenze fondamentali del “vivre ensemble”, regola derogatoria della libertà di abbigliamento individuata dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo nella decisione della Grande Chambre nel caso S.A.S. c. France del 1° luglio 2014 con riferimento all’uso nello spazio pubblico del burqa, che copre l’intero volto. Quei divieti, si legge in un comunicato dell’Onu, “non rafforzano la sicurezza ma, al contrario, alimentano intolleranza religiosa e discriminazione dei musulmani in Francia, in particolare le donne. La parità di genere non si ottiene regolamentando i vestiti che le donne decidono di portare”.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Breve referencia a los cambios introducidos en la forma estrictamente civil de celebración conyugal - 3. La eficacia civil del matrimonio celebrado en forma religiosa - 3.1. Los caracteres esenciales de la normativa precedente - 3.2. Las novedades introducidas por la Ley de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria - 3.2.1. El matrimonio de las confesiones con acuerdo de cooperación con el Estado - 3.2.2. El matrimonio de las confesiones con notorio arraigo declarado – 4. Consideraciones conclusivas.

Sommario : 1. Premessa – 2. La concezione della ricchezza nel mondo musulmano - 3. Il waqf all’interno del sistema dei “ furu al figh ” . Definizione di waqf o hubus - 4. Il Bonyads, le fondazioni di beneficienza nella variante sciita – 5. La struttura del waqf khayrì - 6 . Gli elementi costitutivi delle causae piae e del waqf khayrì a confronto - 7. Il negozio giuridico costitutivo delle causae piae e del waqf khayrì - 8. Caratteri strutturali comuni e analoga funzione dei due istituti giuridici: effetti rispetto ai beni che ne costituiscono l’oggetto - 9. Confronto tra i regimi giuridici relativi al subiectum administrationis nelle causae piae e nel waqf khayrì - 10. Alcune riflessioni conclusive.

The return of waqf

ABSTRACT: The essay reconstruct role and structure of the waqf , typical institution of Islamic law, by a comparison of it with the “ causae piae”, to highlight the concordances and differences, emphasizing the institution's use in the management of the charity and of places of worship in the Muslim ambit, in particular mosques and activities related to them. Particular attention is paid to the activities with social purposes for the realization of the Islamic Welfare, operated by religious communities, with believers support (public waqf ). Frequent are the references to the charity structure in the Anglo-Saxon law. The Autor envisages the opportunity to a number of agreements with the various components of Islam, in which specific parts can find a place, dedicated to waqf as entity inspired by religious reasons, and a review of the general favorable legislation ensured by the State to all religious bodies, and to those who carry out social activities obtaining profit.

SUMMARY: 1. Foreword - 2. The issue(s) raised by Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, inc. - 3. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, inc. main arguments - 4. Conclusions.

Sommario: 1. Riforma dell’assistenza spirituale nelle Forze armate e impegni pattizi - 2. L’evoluzione dei sistemi di difesa in Europa e la sua incidenza sull’assistenza spirituale: il passaggio dalla coscrizione obbligatoria a un servizio di tipo professionale - 3. L’assistenza spirituale tra modello confessionista e modello pluralista. Le ragioni del ritardo legislativo - 4. L’inquadramento dei cappellani militari all’interno delle Forze armate, tra esigenze di ammodernamento e tendenze alla smilitarizzazione - 5. Inquadramento gerarchico dei cappellani militari e tradizione storica - 6. Inquadramento militare dei cappellani, principio di laicità ed esigenze funzionali - 7. Compiti delle Forze armate, principi costituzionali e nuovo ruolo dei cappellani militari - 8. La recente valorizzazione del ruolo dei cappellani militari nel sistema di difesa NATO. Osservazioni conclusive.

Military Chaplaincy in the process of reform

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the service of spiritual assistance in the State military forces according to the Italian system of law, in the context of their current evolution given to the principles of the Constitution and the changing international situation and policy. After some preliminary remarks about the origins of the present debate, it compares the models of other countries concerning the service of military chaplains and focuses on the issue of their juridic status as commissioned officers in the Army, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of this legal framework. In the end it makes some conclusive remarks about the new role of chaplains in military organizations, not only religious support but also advisor to the command on issue of religion and ethics and liaison with local religious leaders in an effort to understand the role of religion as both a factor in hostility and war and as a force for reconciliation and peace.

Summary : 1. Preliminary Remarks - 2. Religious values and nationality - 3. Electio iuris and religious values - 4. Public policy and religious values - 5. The Conventional approach - 6. Conclusive Remarks.

ABSTRACT: The wide evolution of private international law is currently recalling attention to the general aspects of the discipline. Europeanization and globalisation of sources of private international law do not preclude the chance that conflict of laws should also deal with individual identities. To the extent that the European systems have hitherto offered to the application of foreign laws, we are faced with the problem of survival in Europe of an idea of the personality of laws. In fact it’s generally accepted that conflict of laws faces the individual identities of people involved in international relations. Cultural identity may be considered collective and individual at the same time, because each member of the group has an identity of its own. Religious values contribute to defining the cultural identity of individuals: be it in Europe or other countries, cultures, values, civilization, religion, are never absent from the solutions of personal status. Stepping back from the analysis of some cases where religious values are relevant, this Article aims at a theoretical analysis of the subject, involving the contrast between value pluralism, conflict of laws and fundamental rights.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction – 2. Understanding the complexity: the role of religions in the Indian, Pakistani and Malaysian contexts – 3. The discipline of the religious phenomenon in India: which influences from foreign models in the Constitution? – 4. The Supreme Court and the “essential elements of religion” doctrine – 5.The migration of the Indian essential practice doctrine in Pakistan and Malaysia – 5.1 Interpreting the essential practice doctrine in Pakistan: the long-lasting history of the Ahmadis (non)recognition – 5.2 Cloths and Words always matter. The essential doctrine in Malaysia – 6. Concluding Remarks

ABSTRACT: The Supreme Court of India elaborated the “essential elements doctrine” to ascertain which elements are fundamental for a religious practice and which may be purged, as mere superstition, by the intervention of the State without infringing the principle of State neutrality in religious affairs. The doctrine has been discussed and in some cases applied also by constitutional interpreters in Pakistan and Malaysia, whose Constitutions echo the provisions on freedom of religion of the Union of India but also establish Islam as the religion of the State. Therefore, the present essay discusses the interpretation of constitutional provisions by the Supreme Court of India in order to introduce the essential elements doctrine as well as its application by the Pakistani and Malaysian Courts with the aim to asses, relying on the theory of cross-fertilization, whether they merely imported the doctrine or adapted it to the national contexts

Il contesto in cui si svolge il nostro Convegno ("Le Università per EXPO 2015") m'induce nella tentazione di introdurre il dibattito con un interrogativo provocatorio e, forse, in qualche modo impertinente: Una dieta mediterranea per la mensa delle religioni e delle credenze?" (continua)

SOMMARIO: 1. La difesa dei valori culturali e religiosi attraverso il diritto all’obiezione di coscienza - 2. I casi di obiezione di coscienza sulle unioni omosessuali: uno sguardo d’insieme oltre i confini nazionali - 3. Il matrimonio omosessuale e il pubblico ufficiale nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano - 4. Lo scudo dell’obiezione di coscienza: un’opzione possibile per il pubblico ufficiale?

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduction - 2. Pre-revolutionary period - 3. The Soviet period - 4. Modern stage - 5. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT: The article examines main stages of formation of the secular state in the Russian Federation. The author provides historical and legal overview of the development of secularism in Russia in the period starting from 1701 to the present days.