Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico comparato e straniero

Preliminary remarks on the Palestinian legal system to the test of the relation between law and religions

ABSTRACT: Il lavoro si premura di tracciare una prima fisionomia del sistema politico e religioso palestinese. Mentre l’attualità internazionale sembra soffermarsi soprattutto sulle ipotesi di riconoscimento dello Stato palestinese, un diverso approccio allo studio di quell’ordinamento e delle forme associative distinte che lo connotano potrebbe migliorare la conoscenza delle rivendicazioni in atto e favorire istanze di pacificazione. Scopo dell’analisi sarà perciò quello di evidenziare un quadro generale molto più complesso e diversificato delle apparenze: non un blocco indistinto, ma una mutevole combinazione degli interessi e delle appartenenze che non prescinde mai dai rapporti tra la religione e il diritto

ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to shape a very first physiognomy of the political and religious Palestinian system. While international current events seem to concentrate especially on the hypotheses of formal State recognition for the Palestinian territories, a different approach to the study of that legal order and the associative forms that make it distinctive might improve the knowledge of the ongoing claims and the petitions for pacification. The analytical purpose consists in underlining a general framework much more articulate and diversified: not a vague, monolithic, block, but an everyday changing combination of interests and belongings never disregarding the relationships between law and religion

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa sui contenuti dell’analisi: la necessità di un approccio differente dalle contingenze politiche - 2. Demografia religiosa e pluralità sostanziale in un territorio controverso - 3. Rappresentanza e movimenti sociali: un quadro in divenire - 4. Possibili considerazioni conclusive: la riemersione della statualità e l’attualità delle proposte di autonomia nel dibattito interno e internazionale

The religious dimension in fighting terrorism: the Austrian case 

ABSTRACT: A seguito dell’attentato terroristico avvenuto a Vienna la notte del 2 novembre 2020, il governo austriaco ha approvato un innovativo pacchetto di misure con l’intento di contrastare la radicalizzazione e il terrorismo. Dopo aver introdotto il contesto che ha portato all'approvazione del citato strumento normativo, il contributo si propone di approfondire il contenuto di alcune sue specifiche norme. Concentrandosi su due tra le novità più rilevanti, il nuovo reato di associazione estremista a sfondo religioso e la modifica dell'Islamgesetz 2015, l'accento viene posto sul rapporto tra il nuovo pacchetto e la libertà di religione.

ABSTRACT: Following the terrorist attack that occurred in Vienna on the night of the 2nd of November 2020, the Austrian government has approved an innovative package of measures with the intent of countering radicalization and terrorism. After introducing the context that led to the approval of the abovementioned legal tool, the paper aims to explore the content of some specific laws introduced with it. Focusing on two of the most relevant innovations, the new crime of religiously motivated extremist association and the amendment to the Islam Act 2015, an emphasis is put on the relationship between the new package and the freedom of religion.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: la libertà di religione austriaca - 2. Le premesse al pacchetto antiterrorismo - 3. Le innovazioni in ambito penalistico - 4. In particolare, il paragrafo 247b: il reato di Islam politico - 5. Il reato di associazione estremista a motivazione religiosa. Un’analisi critica - 6. Il pacchetto antiterrorismo e la legge sui rapporti con la comunità religiosa islamica - 7. Conclusioni: l’impatto del pacchetto antiterrorismo sull’esercizio della libertà di religione.

The referendums on the modification of art. 41 of the Irish Constitution 

ABSTRACT: Il saggio descrive e analizza brevemente gli eventi che hanno condotto al referendum volto a modificare l’art. 41 della Costituzione irlandese, nonché la posizione assunta da alcune importanti confessioni nei confronti del voto.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to describe and briefly analyse the events that lead to the referendum aiming to modify art. 41 of the Irish Constitution, and the position adopted by some important denominations towards the vote.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Gli antecedenti - 3. La Citizens’ Assembly on Gender Equality - 4. Verso il referendum - 5. Il testo dei referendum - 6. Le confessioni religiose e i referendum - 7. Il voto - 8. Alcune brevi considerazioni.

La riforma del diritto di famiglia e delle Family courts nella Repubblica di Cipro

ABSTRACT: This essay addresses the 2023 amendments to Article 111 of the 1960 Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as family law reforms in the light of the religious or belief minority rights protection, promotion, and implementation. In doing so, the article relies on the findings of the Atlas of Religious or Belief minority Rights research project. The aim is to highlight how the legal system of Cyprus is slowly detaching itself from the millet logic inherited from the Ottoman past and it is further aligning with European and international standards on the protection of minority rights in different policy areas, including family law and marriage. However, religious affiliation and religious legal systems still bear significance on some issues pertaining to family law, marriage, and dissolution of marriage.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Religious (and ethnic) affiliation in the “intractable” Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - 3. Family courts: Article 111 of the Constitution and the Orthodox Church - 4. The Family Courts of the Religious Groups - 5. The Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment and the recent family law reforms - 6. Concluding remarks.

The origins of the idea of Russkij mir 

ABSTRACT: The doctrine of Russkij mir is the result of a long historical process marked by the progressive distancing of Russian Orthodoxy from Constantinople with the refusal of the Grand Prince of Moscow to accept the decisions of the Council of Florence. In the space of a few years, the metropolis of Moscow proclaimed its de facto autocephaly and the bond of subordination of the Sacerdotium to the Imperium was strengthened, especially starting from the Council of 1503 which saw the monastic current led by Iosif of Volokolamsk, who stated a close bond between Church and sovereign. prevail on that represented by Nil Sorsky, who supported the independence of the Church from civil power. At the beginning of the 16th century, the monk Filofej from the Pskov region enunciated the theory of the Moscow third Rome and the transfer of the imperial capital from Constantinople to Moscow. Since then the symphonic relationship between Church and Empire has been upset, no longer signifying the harmonious collaboration between them, but the prevalence of civil power over religious power, which will culminate in 1721 with Peter the Great's decision to abolish the Patriarchate established in 1589. From then on the history of the Church will be that of the State. With the end of Bolshevism which marked the full subjugation of the Church, a new symphony was reconstituted between civil and religious power: the latter provides the former with the theological justification for the affirmation of Russkij mir, or the obsessive claim to also impose manu military the hegemony of Moscow and the supremacy of its Orthodoxy as the only way to eliminate Evil and impose Good in the reconstituted great Empire of Russia.

Algunas impresiones personales en torno a la evolución de la asignatura del Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado en las últimas décadas

Some remarks on the development of the subject of Law and Religion in Spanish legal studies

ABSTRACT: These remarks take as their initial pretext the recent publication of an academic work offering a retrospective view of the development of the subject of Law and Religion in Spanish universities which, in the author's opinion, is deeply biased and therefore gives a distorted image of both the current situation of this discipline in our legal studies and its future expectations. Against this, the author offers here his own personal impressions on the subject.

Principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of religion in EU law and national approaches to the "neutrality" of the public employee 

ABSTRACT: For the first time, the Court of Justice of the European Union has been called upon to give a preliminary ruling on prohibition on wearing visible signs of political, philosophical or religious belief imposed by a public employer, from the perspective of the principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of religion enshrine in the Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 (establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation). After a look at principles of State neutrality in France, Germany and Belgium, the paper examines this issue by taking a cue from the Conclusions presented by the Advocate General in case C‑148/22. According to the Author, national identity, to which Article 4(2) TEU refers, leaves in this particular sector a wide margin of discretion to the Member States.

SOMMARIO: 1. Notazioni introduttive - 2. La rivendicazione del diritto della dipendente comunale belga di indossare il velo islamico e l’oggetto della questione sollevata davanti alla Corte di giustizia - 3. Le peculiarità nelle declinazioni nazionali del principio di “neutralità” dei pubblici dipendenti di Francia, Belgio e Germania. La “neutralità esclusiva” francese - 4. (segue) Il caso emblematico della particolare posizione dei genitori che in Francia accompagnano i figli nelle gite scolastiche - 5. (segue) L’approccio tendenzialmente inclusivo della Germania - 6. (segue) Le incertezze interpretative riguardanti la neutralità belga - 7. La sostanziale “privatizzazione” della controversia operata dall’Avvocato generale - 8. Accezioni “forti” e “deboli” di neutralità del pubblico dipendente e il discutibile profilarsi di un loro diverso impatto sull’identità costituzionale degli Stati membri - 9. Una conclusione provvisoria.

SOMMARIO - 1. Confessionale, laico o pluralista? La difficile classificazione di un modello sui generis - 2. Tra conflitto sociale e accomodamento politico - 3. Dal pluralismo religioso al pluralismo istituzionale. La questione del matrimonio civile.

ABSTRACT: The article offers a careful analysis on the way the end of the USSR and the growth of the Orthodox presence in the European Union have challenged the concept of canonical territory. In the West, this has produced a phenomenon of the territorialization of the exercise of religious freedom. It is examined how the potential access to the EU of Ukraine, Moldova, Albania and Northern Macedonia will influence the relevance of these Churches in the relations that the Union maintains with them in application of art. 17 TFUE. Indeed, this relation is strengthened by the great consistency of the Orthodox diaspora in the West and by the development and growth of Eparchies abroad, created by the respective national Churches. Therefore, it is appropriate to reflect on the need for identifying self-preservation of all religions and in particular of the Orthodox one, in order to guarantee the balance and orderly development of the Union's institutional political system in a relationship compatible with the needs of separation and secularism of the States. Two key factors are the political crisis of the USSR and the granting of autocephaly to the ecclesiastical communities operating in the states which had become sovereign: this has weakened the Moscow Patriarchate and its role in the Orthodox ecumenical system; at the same time, the ecumenical patriarchate, which claims its exclusive right to grant autocephaly, has proceeded to “contractualize” the nature of his primacy through the structure of the Tomas.

Latin American constitutional context. Principles guiding the regulation of the religious factor and the status of women in the family sphere

ABSTRACT: Bearing in mind the importance of constitutions in the field of legal systems, and being interested in knowing the legal status of women in the geographical area of Latin America, I turned to the constitutions of the countries in that area, starting from the analysis of the models of treatment of the religious fact chosen by the drafters of the constitutions and trying to locate the possible influence of these in the shaping of the rights of women considered as a fundamental part of the family.