SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Responsabilità, imputabilitas , colpevolezza - 3. Responsabilità e riparazione del danno - 4. Sanzione e riparazione del danno - 5. Responsabilità, sanzione e riparazione dei danni e dello scandalo - 6. Riflessioni conclusive.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. I Cardinali nelle Congregazioni Romane – 3. Le “Riunioni di Cardinali” nella Curia Romana – 3.1 Il rapporto tra i Concistori e la Curia Romana – 3.2 Le Riunioni Interdicasteriali – 3.3 Il Consiglio di Cardinali per lo studio dei problemi organizzativi ed economici della Santa Sede – 4. Il Cardinale Segretario di Stato – 5. I Cardinali nei Pontifici Consigli e negli Uffici della Curia Romana – 6. I Cardinali nei Tribunali – 7. Conclusione.
The role of the Cardinals in the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus on the Roman Curia
ABSTRACT : The Cardinals are the main collaborators of the Roman Pontiff in governing the universal Church. This collaboration takes place both at the collegiate level in consistories and individually within the Roman Curia. The Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus promulgated in 1988 by St. John Paul II devotes ample space to the service offered by the Cardinals in the departments. The author of this article will attempt to analyze the tasks entrusted to the Cardinals in the various Dicasteri, in particular at Congregations and the Secretariat of State, and pointing out the differences with the previous discipline of Regimini Ecclesiae Universae . Special attention will be devoted to the activity of coordination curial left to the Meeting of Cardinals and finally the relationship and discipline posed by Pastor Bonus to the relationship between the Roman Curia and the Consistories.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Le fonti e i documenti ecclesiali sulla pubblicazione di rivelazioni private - 3. Carismi, profetismo, superstizione. I rapporti tra il mondo delle associazioni e dei movimenti e l’autorità ecclesiastica - 4. Dissidio insanabile: intervento pastorale e rimedi canonistici - 5 . Religiosità popolare e cattolicesimo di frangia: le ragioni di un fenomeno.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Le attività degli enti ecclesiastici. - 3. Il problema dell’applicabilità delle procedure concorsuali - 4. L’evoluzione della giurisprudenza domestica - 5. Il patrimonio stabile tra dato normativo e realtà giuridica - 6. Termini e garanzie di trasparenza dell’utilizzo del concetto di “patrimonio stabile”: i controlli canonici nell’ordinamento italiano - 7. Riflessioni conclusive.
Ecclesiastical institutions in financial crisis. The role of “stable patrimony”
ABSTRACT : Within the economic framework coming from the 2008 financial downturn, many ecclesiastical institutions involved in commercial activities found themselves in severe financial crises, sometimes leading them to not be able to reimburse their debts. The enforcement of a classical bankruptcy law however does not seem to be fully tailored on these ecclesiastical institutions specificities. Indeed the current Italian bankruptcy law puts the ecclesiastical institutions assets under an indiscriminate attack that can seriously affect their survival and thus to ensure the satisfaction of the "religious" needs they exist for. In such a context, given the statement of the article 7.3, Law 121/1985 which emphasizes that the common law should be applied paying particular attention to the structure and the purpose of religious institutions, the present work attempt at developing a fist reflection on a specific canon law regulatory scheme, i.e. the "stable patrimony", which aim is to guarantee and protect a minimum assets useful to the survival of the ecclesiastical organization. After a first description and analysis of the "stable patrimony" profiles in a canon law perspective, the issue will be also addressed from the relevant point of view of the Church and State relations treaties.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Natura e tipologia dei provvedimenti cautelari ex can. 1722 CIC - 3. Le esigenze cautelari contemplate dalla disposizione del can. 1722 CIC - 4. Questioni interpretative sulle misure analizzate - 5. Funzione cautelare e diritto canonico.
Specificity of the precautionary function in canon law in the light of the canon 1722 CIC measures
ABSTRACT: In canon law, the existence of a precautionary function, under the competence of the Ordinary, can be deduced from an analysis of the measures mentioned in can. 1722 CIC. Such a function is specifically aimed at protecting the peculiar requirements of canon law, and it is strictly connected with the ultimate goal of the salus animarum. It also takes on unique characteristics as a result of the relationship which binds the faithful of the ecclesial community; such a relationship is due, in turn, to the divine origin of a legal system which members of a religious group participate in because of a sacramental investiture.
SOMMARIO: 1. Comparazione tra diverse concezioni ecclesiali - 2. Il dato scritturistico, Matteo 16,16-19 e 18,18; Giovanni 20, 21-23 - 3. I primi dati giuridici, i
canoni VI di Nicea I e XXXIV dei Canones Apostolorum - 4. Dalla pentarchia alla diarchia: primato romano e primato costantinopolitano. Il ruolo dei principî ‘secondari’ - 5. Dalla pentarchia al primato romano. Gli eventi storici - 6. L’esercizio delle prerogative primaziale del vescovo di Roma in Occidente: limiti di modalità e di tempi. Le Decretali pseudo-isidoriane e il Dictatus Papae; i concili Vaticano I e Vaticano II, le codificazioni - 7. Le implicazioni giuridiche circa la potestà nella Chiesa cattolica - 8. Dalla pentarchia al primato costantinopolitano. Il Concilio di S. Sofia (879-880). Il Patriarca ecumenico da protos della chiesa
dell’oikoumene bizantino a etnarca dei cristiani nell’Impero ottomano, filetismo e autocefalie di chiese. Chiese nazionali, chiese etniche - 9. Prerogative e interventi del Patriarca ecumenico, oggi - 10. Le implicazioni giuridiche circa la potestà nella Chiesa ortodossa. Ecclesiologia conciliare, potere sinodale - 11. La collegialità nelle singole chiese orientali - 12. Considerazioni conclusive. Attività diplomatica odierna delle due Rome; la speciale "sunallelia" tra governo russo e patriarcato di Mosca, la terza Roma.
SOMMARIO: 1. Preambolo – 2. Valore teologico e valore giuridico dei pronunciati del Magistero ecclesiastico – 3. La lectio magistralis del 12 maggio 2003 di Giovanni Paolo II – 4. La Carta di Sant’Agata de’ Goti del 29 settembre 1997 e la legge italiana 25 luglio 2000 n. 209 – 5. La sfida dei Pontificati di Benedetto XVI e di Francesco – 6. Autorità politica mondiale e giustizia sociale – 7. L’umanesimo cristiano oggi – 8. Sintesi conclusiva.
Catholic Ethics, Debt and Social Justice in the Light of a New International Order
ABSTRACT: Since twenty years a group of scholars, including the Author of this essay, has been fighting for the reconstruction of the legal framework of the international debt. The Charter of Sant’Agata de’Goti (September 29, 1997), which is the result of the passionate work by a Commission on usury and international debt, has virtually been travelling around the world, including the Latin American Parliament and the Vatican City, finally landed in the Italian Parliament with the 25 July 2009 Italian Act (n. 209). Besides the legal relevance, this essay is the testimony of a significant part of the service that the Author has carried out in the interest of the Holy See and the Catholic Church; this is in fact a summary of his twenty-year commitment on the (public-private-international) debt, in view of the forthcoming visit of the Holy Father Francis in the United States (September 2015), on the eve of the 2015-2016 Extraordinary Jubilee Year (called the “Holy Year of Mercy”), which again will underline the principle of natural order for all the goods on earth. This papal journey assumes considerable importance, especially when related to the Pope’s speech, which will be held at the Congress and at the General Assembly of the United Nations in New York. The Author of this essay hopes that, in the context of those venerable international institutions, together with the Italian government, the Holy Father – under his personal commitment which is recognized in the world – will propose to the UN Assembly the start of the procedures for requesting the opinion of the AIA Court of Justice about the consistency between the rules governing the developing Countries’ foreign debt (but today you might be referring to the international debt tout court ) and the framework of human rights principles, which includes the rights of peoples. We must also keep in mind that, in order to better understand the frame of reference, a deputy of the Italian Chamber, Salvatore Cherchi, together with other proponents of the mentioned 2000 Act (n. 209) – whose Article 7 remained unfulfilled – have been directly inspired by the mentioned Charter of Sant’Agata de’Goti on usury and international debt.
SOMMARIO: 1. La prova di sostenibilità/insostenibilità delle differenze – 2. Le indicazioni ricavabili dalla casistica emergente: a) in merito al rilievo civile da assegnare alla qualifica confessionale dell’agente – 3. Segue: b) in merito al rispetto da parte dello Stato laico della specificità del “diritto della responsabilità canonica” – 4. Breve elogio della responsabilità “dimezzata”.
SOMMARIO: 1. Economia, finanza e religione: le ragioni di un indefettibile rapporto - 2. Il diritto nativo della Chiesa Cattolica di esprimere il proprio giudizio sulle questioni sociali nel campo economico e finanziario - 3. La rilevanza del settimo comandamento nel contesto delle attività finanziarie - 4. La funzione di deterrenza delle sanzioni canoniche in ambito economico e finanziario e la possibile applicazione del can. 1399 c.j.c. - 5. L’impatto dei precetti religiosi nel mercato finanziario: i riflessi sui sistemi.
Sommario : 1. Autonomia confessionale e sovranità dello Stato: la distinzione tra ordini “distinti” – 2. Il principio di laicità e la valorizzazione delle differenze, nell’inderogabile esigenza di salvaguardia dei diritti della persona – 3. Tutela della salute: diritto fondamentale della Costituzione italiana – 4. La dimensione ascetica dell’individuo nella concezione giuridica del bene salute – 5. La salute nell’ordinamento canonico: connotazione di un bene con valore relativo – 6. La realizzazione “responsabile” della salute e la sua intrinseca connessione con la salvezza nella Chiesa – 7. La sana cooperatio tra Stato e Chiesa nella tutela della salute del civis-fidelis – 8. Conclusioni.
Health of the civis-fidelis in the different systems of the Italian State and the Catholic Church. The spiritual needs of the individual as included in th e meaning of health
ABSTRACT: The meaning of "health" in a legal system depends upon its culture and social development, so that time and space influence the way protection is offered. Nowadays the idea of “health” has enlarged. In the past the meaning of health was intended as a mental-physical well-being; it has now gradually developed to a larger meaning, including a complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. Along with Italian constitution, Italy has to pursue and protect the health of any individual, not just citizens. Health is also protected by the Church as a precious gift given by God to man and is closely linked with salvation. Man is called to protect the value of this gift in its widest configuration. Therefore the integral protection of health requires to take into account all the dimensions of the individual, both as civis and fidelis. In order to reach this target it is necessary an open dialogue between civil authorities and religious institution; its importance relies on the primacy of the individual and includes the care of his dignity and the respect of his rights, in mutual respect for the autonomy of the two orders, whose relations are to be seen as a single track and a vital bulwark, a vision inspired by the liberal-democratic system.