Contenuti per la categoria: Canon law (History of)

De Albanensium seu Græcorum peculiari cura habenda. The religious condition of the Italo-Albanians in Calabria during the post-Tridentine age. Historical and legal outlines

Abstract: The invasion of Albania by the Turks in 1478 forced many Albanians to emigrate in the Kingdom of Naples and, in particular, in the Calabrian provinces. These Albanian refugees continued to speak their language and most of all to profess the Catholic religion, but according to the Byzantine rite. The liturgical and doctrinal diversity of this rite led, over the years, Calabrian bishops and priests following the Roman rite to be wary and suspicious towards these canonical practices. Nevertheless, the Holy See was generally benevolent towards the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church allowing the devotes the free exercise of religious practice, protecting diversity and encouraging the education of clerics, by enacting a series of important measures over the Centuries. This paper aims to focus, from a legal-historical perspective, the events concerning the Byzantine rite in Calabria between the 16^th and the 18^th Centuries, through the analysis of the decrees of some diocesan synods and some of the most important papal measures that allowed the Albanians of Calabria (arbëreshë) to resist the attempts of “Latinization” and at the same time to confirm, despite the diversity, their belonging to the Catholic Church. 

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa - 2. Gli albanesi di rito greco nella Calabria post-tridentina fra sospetti di eterodossia e tentativi di latinizzazione: le disposizioni di alcuni sinodi diocesani - 3. I Pontefici di fronte alla ‘questione’ degli italo-albanesi: dal XVI Secolo alla fondazione del Collegio Corsini.

The art treasures of the Vatican in the Lateran Treaty

ABSTRACT: Drawing inspiration from a recent initiative by the Pontiff, the contribution focuses on the peculiar juridical condition of the art treasures kept in the Vatican City, resulting from a series of provisions of the Lateran Treaty, other international conventions and recent Vatican legislation on the protection of cultural heritage. The result is a complex and articulated regulatory framework that underlines the role of the Holy See as a custodian and guarantor of one of the greatest historical and artistic heritages of humanity.

Sommario - 1. Un gesto ecumenico di papa Francesco - 2. L’art. 18 del Trattato lateranense - 3. L’articolato quadro normativo attuale - 4. Suggestioni e questioni emergenti - 5. I tesori d’arte del Vaticano e la loro peculiare condizione giuridica - 6. Osservazioni conclusive.

Riflessioni sul “giusto processo” in diritto canonico, sullo sfondo del riequilibrio in corso fra diritti e poteri nella Chiesa cattolica *

Reflections on due process in canon law, against the background of the ongoing rebalancing of rights and powers in the Catholic Church *

SOMMARIO: 1. Tra ‘agàpe’ e storia. Una premessa neotestamentaria - 2. (segue) Potere giudiziario e sovranità binaria. Il diritto divino dei vescovi - 3. “Heri dicebamus”? Sul tentativo curiale di ridurre il Vaticano II a mero evento culturale - 4. Origini e sviluppo dell’opposizione anticonciliare: il terreno del processo - 5. La prima controriforma vaticana: la “Nova agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine” - 6. Resilienze (non sopprimibili) di una costituzione materiale parallela? - 7. Persistenze storico-culturali di fatti compiuti prevaricanti e diritto di resistenza - 8. (segue): a) Su un “golpe Gasparri” in danno di due diversi progetti di giustizia amministrativa - 9. b) … e sulla “falsa” giustizia amministrativa del card. Grocholewski (e suoi) - 10. c) Lo sconcerto della scoperta nel clero di pratiche corruttive su minori - 11. (segue) … e l’abnorme deriva inquisitoria dei processi de delictis gravioribus - 12. Sulla voluta inattuazione dei tribunali amministrativi interdiocesani - 13. Sulle odierne, inedite sperimentazioni in tema di contenzioso matrimoniale - 14. Tra rescritti di giustizia e giurisdizione inter partes: un sottaciuto tema fondamentale - 15. Dalla frammentazione (relitto amaro di incertezze strategiche) a un ritorno al Lateranense IV?

ABSTRACT: The essay notes a continuity, starting with the Tridentine, in the deviation from the fundamental principles of what we today call 'due process', imposed by Innocent III since the Council Lateran IV. The progressive spread of special jurisdictions seemed to express the degradation of certain principles and values of medieval common law, from which canon law was gradually moving away. The 1917 code is to be seen as the final sanction and ratification of that involutional process. The author then examines the 1983 reform, which moved between reforming timidity and curial overbearingness: the special jurisdictions were untouchable; the planned chapter on administrative tribunals was deleted in extremis. The impression is that no serious follow-up has been given to the reforms ordered by Paul VI in fulfilment of the Council mandate, starting with the Doctrinal Dicastery. In fact, the centralist innovation as codified in 1917 substantially persists. It is to this petrified block, rebuilt under the two pontificates following Pope Montini, that Pope Francis I attempts to react with innovative ideas that however appear technically imprecise, and in many ways inadequate to the actual dimensions of the Holy See's overall non-fulfilment of the conciliar mandate. Against the backdrop of these perhaps promising innovative signs, Pope Francis appears on the other hand invariably opposed by the Curia, both in the field of substantive and procedural law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Reformatio in capite et membris - 3. La riforma gregoriana - 4. Rinnovamento monastico e nuove forme di religiosità - 5. Erasmo da Rotterdam e l’Umanesimo cristiano - 6. Ecclesia semper reformanda - 7. Gli antecedenti della Riforma - 8. I poveri di Lione - 9. Il movimento dei Lollardi - 10. La rivoluzione boema - 11. Le guerre hussite.

The Protestant Reformation between requests for renewal and heretical movements

ABSTRACT: The Protestant Reformation represents an epochal event as it is widely considered the true moment of transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Without wishing in the least to diminish the innovative significance of the aforementioned phenomenon, it is however necessary to point out how the Catholic Church, during the course of its history, has been crossed by a yearning for regeneration that has involved both the constitutional and the devotional aspects of its being. To this end, it is enough to recall the reforming work of Gregory VII, the Cluniac monastic rigor, the contribution of some regular Orders (mendicants), as well as the spread of new forms of religiosity, from the modern Devotio to the Christian humanism of Desiderio Erasmus of Rotterdam. Similarly, the originality of the Reformation did not prevent modern Protestant historiography from considering it the natural result of an evangelical pluralism already present in the twelfth century. The direct reference is to the doctrines of Pietro Valdo, John Wycliff and Jan Hus, and in particular to their ecclesiology which in various ways will be proposed by Martin Luther, with his own peculiarity, and without ever reducing himself to it.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il “pomo della discordia”: Concilio Vaticano II - 2. L’ermeneutica della riforma nella continuità - 3. Unità nella unicità? - 4. Esempi di non trascurabile fedeltà.

Lex orandi, lex credendi? The Roman Missal and its symbolic value between Summorum Pontificum and Traditionis Custodes

ABSTRACT: This essay aims to examine the symbolic value acquired by the Roman Missal of 1962 by the Second Vatican Council today, especially through the comparison of two recent statutes, Summorum Pontificum and Traditionis Custodes. They can represent an effective synthesis of the approaches used by the Catholic Church to relate to a liturgical question that is still very controversial.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L’odierno dibattito sulle prerogative patriarcali costantinopolitane e il gathering di Amman - 3. La ratio attributiva delle prerogative ecclesiastiche romane al vescovo di Costantinopoli-ΝέαςῬώμης - 4. Le prerogative ecclesiastiche costantinopolitane - 5. Il conferimento imperiale del titolo patriarcale al vescovo di Roma e di patriarca ecumenico al vescovo di Costantinopoli-Νέας Ῥώμης - 6. L’ecumenicità dell’omofonia patriarcale - 7. Osservazioni finali.

Patriarchal ecumenical homophony

ABSTRACT: The establishment in 2019 of a new Ukrainian autocephaly raises the question of the legal basis of exclusive Constantinopolitan canonical prerogatives. As is known, after the Edict of Thessalonica of 380, can. cost. 3 of 381 attributes the Roman prerogatives to the bishop of Constantinople-Νεα Ρωμη.The ethnarchical religious role, assumed by the Roman bishop, guardian of the Romanitas, (conceived as the apostolic heritage of the Roman church), determines the Eastern emperors to confer the patriarchal title (previously reserved for the Jewish etnarch of Palestine), to Roman pope and ecumenical patriarch, to the bishop of Constantinople, which became the only seat of the imperium.The Justinian articulation of the ecclesiastical order comes to highlight in the homophony of patriarchs the attestation of the unity, doctrinal and disciplinary, in the Church of the ecumenical empire. Therefore, today's panorthodox reception of Ukrainian autocephaly cannot be considered an ecclesial burden due to the universal canonical authority of the patriarchate of Constantinople. Consequently, the primates cannot accept it in the name of the respective autocephalous Church, in contrast with canon 34. In respect of the nomocanonical tradition, today's Ukrainian controversy must therefore be submitted to the assembly of patriarchs in order to reach a canonical unanimous (homophone) solution to the controversy.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L’assoluzione dalle censure nella disciplina pre-codiciale - 3. (segue) nei trattati canonistici precedenti la codificazione del 1917 - 4. La competenza a concedere l’assoluzione dalle censure nella disciplina pre-codiciale - 5. La remissione delle censure nel Codex iuris canonici del 1917 - 6. La revisione del Codex del 1917 in tema di remissione delle censure - 7. L’istituto della remissione delle censure nel Codex iuris canonici del 1983 - 8. (segue) la remissione delle censure in foro interno - 9. Le modifiche introdotte dalla costituzione Pascite gregem Dei - 10. Brevi considerazioni conclusive.

The remission of canonical censures. Historical development and current legislation

ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the historical-juridical evolution of the remission of censures in the canonical order from the first indications contained in the main medieval and modern sources, passing then to the discipline of the institution contained in the code of 1917 and in the code of 1983 to arrive, at the end, to the changes made by the recent constitution Pascite gregem Dei promulgated by pope Francis in may 2021.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. L’insegnamento di un Maestro per un problema del presente: la ridefinizione della formazione universitaria del giurista - 2. Sull’attribuzione al diritto canonico dello statuto di materia facoltativa. Jemolo e le funzioni della presenza del diritto della Chiesa nelle Università statali: a) la funzione didattica: rendere possibile la comprensione della disciplina statale sul fenomeno religioso; b) la funzione scientifica: costituire un campo di indagine vasto e fecondo, capace di condurre a risultati di ricerca innovativi - 3. La prolusione bolognese del 1923 e quella romana del 1933: il problema della natura del diritto canonico e della posizione della Chiesa e delle sue norme nell’ordinamento statale. La giuridicità originaria dell’ordinamento canonico e il dato, peculiare e oggettivo, della comunanza di soggetti e territorio tra Stato e Chiesa. La terza funzione dello studio del diritto canonico nelle Università statali: essere un momento privilegiato di verifica della tenuta e della validità teorica delle categorie generali sulle quali si fonda la preparazione del giurista - 4. La questione metodologica. Direttive sul diritto canonico quale oggetto di insegnamento e ricerca: a) l’attenzione privilegiata per i temi congruenti con la formazione del giurista statale; b) l’indirizzo storico-dogmatico - 5. Un esito concreto: l’istituzione di una cattedra autonoma di diritto canonico nella Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza. Le linee di indirizzo per lo studio del diritto della Chiesa proposte da Jemolo quali parti integranti del progetto culturale e scientifico della scuola laica italiana del diritto canonico - 6. I profili che contraddistinguono la figura di Jemolo all’interno della scuola laica italiana del diritto canonico: a) l’esposizione del diritto canonico quale frutto dell’equilibrio tra la necessità di non alterare la natura del diritto della Chiesa e il bisogno di tradurre tale diritto in un linguaggio comprensibile al giurista statale: b) il distacco da ogni fattore ideologico o confessionale. Jemolo cristiano esigente e profeta ascoltato dai laici - 7. L’eredità di Jemolo canonista: il paradigma epistemologico da lui elaborato per il diritto della Chiesa e l’atteggiamento spirituale e intellettuale con il quale si è accostato a una realtà giuridica che nasce da un vissuto di fede. La persistente attualità di tale lascito.

Canon law and legal education. The legacy of a Master: Arturo Carlo Jemolo (1891-1981)

ABSTRACT: Forty years after Arturo Carlo Jemolo passed away, this paper reconstructs the Master's thought on the function of canon law studies in state Universities in order to respond to a need of our present: the need to rethink the university education of the jurists.

SOMMARIO: Avvertenza - 1. Preambolo - 2. Materiali per una ricerca antropologica sulla genesi dell’obbligo del celibato - 3 (segue) Perplessità su un simbolismo che incorpori dati costrittivi evidenti.

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction - 2. The life and works of David Lazzaretti, the “Second Christ” from Arcidosso - 3. The ‘Prophet’ on the stand: the criminal trials in the State Courts - 4. Lazzaretti before the Tribunal of the Roman Holy Office - 5. Life after Death: Different interpretations of the Lazzaretti case - 6. The Prophet and the Alienists - 7. Conclusion: a prismatic figure.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to retrace a peculiar case occurred in the complex context of the decades after Italian Risorgimento and the Italian unification (1861). In particular, it will be analysed the case of David Lazzaretti a poor carter from Tuscany, self-proclaimed “Christ, Duce, Judge” and “the Second Son of God come to earth”, considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Catholic Church due his blasphemous writing. He founded the “Giurisdavidic Church” based on a sort of mystical and utopian socialism (his motto was: “The Republic is the kingdom of God”). His figure has given rise to lively controversy between those who considered him a martyr and who reputed him a mad visionary or a charlatan. In any case, Lazzaretti’s movements are emphasized above all for his tragic end: on the morning of August 18, 1878, while he was driving a peaceful procession from Monte Labbro to Arcidosso, a little town in Tuscany, he was killed by Italian carabinieri during a religious ceremony. After his death, medical science and in particular positivist psychiatry, also called “alienists”, described Lazzaretti not as a sacrilegious impostor but as a mentally ill person, who would have benefitted more from treatment than prosecution.