Contenuti per la categoria: Arrangements, understandings and other agreements
Il dialogo tra diritto ecclesiastico e diritto costituzionale -
Fifty years after the conference in which Law and Religion Scholars held a dialogue with Constitutional Scholars in Siena, central issues of that discussion are recalled, and those of a future debate are envisaged, with the hope that both disciplines might benefit from it
La missione della Chiesa negli accordi concordatari dopo il Concilio Vaticano II -
The “Church Mission” in the Concordats after the Vatican Council II
ABSTRACT: The Concordat Policy of the Holy Seat went through an unexpected development after the Vatican Council II. The agreements subscribed over the last decades have indeed engaged with lots of European Countries, and the range expanded to the African and Asia continent. The new geography designed to this agreements also matches with innovations in the structure and content of them. This essay aims to analyze this innovation and its strict connection with the documents of the Vatican Council II, enlightening how this has determined a more theological view of the objectives through which the freedom of the Catholic Church defines and details itself. While the concordats of the first half of the past century accompanied, followed and enlarged the trajectory of the Church rights towards spiritualization, this new phase is, indeed, characterized by a theological placement of the interests, whose freedom is indeed the object of the protections granted by the Concordats, which are briefly expressed by the lemma “Church Mission”, found in the first articles of the Concordats. This lemma, in the conciliar texts, is characterized not only by a theological dimension, but also by its direct connection with religious freedom.
Sommario: 1. Una premessa - 2. I precedenti e il contesto dottrinale - 3. I documenti conciliari - 4. La “missione della chiesa” negli accordi concordatari tra XX° e XXI° secolo - 5. Per qualche annotazione conclusiva.
Geopolitica vaticana, istituzioni politiche e ordinazioni episcopali nella Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Riflessioni in tema di rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa -
Vatican geopolitics, political institutions and episcopal ordinations in the People's Republic of China. Reflections on State-Church Relations
ABSTRACT: The agreement between the Holy See and the People's Republic of China, concluded in 2018 ad experimentum, has been extended until 31-12-2024.Relations between the Vatican and the Holy See do not follow a linear trend, due to the recurring attempts of some Chinese clergy-so-called patriot clergy-to accept appointments as Diocesan Ordinary without the mandate of the Holy See. In such cases, the relevant regulatory provisions entail excommunication latae sententiae. This contribution, analysing some historical precedents such as the struggle for the endowments and the separation of the constitutional clergy in the period of the French Revolution, proposes an interpretation of the events to understand the Holy See's attitude in the remission of the excommunication to the patriot bishops: the realisation that Catholicism was no longer a phenomenon limited to the European world. The centre of gravity of the Church's influence is irreversibly declining towards non-European areas.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Introduzione al tema - 3. Ius publicum ecclesiasticum sinicum - 4. L’accordo del 2018 tra Santa Sede e Repubblica Popolare Cinese - 5. Il primo quadriennio di applicazione. Riflessioni critiche - 6. Storia e controstoria - 7. Le radici medievali dei rapporti tra Chiesa e Stato: tra Gregorio VII ed Enrico IV - 8. L’età moderna. Le aperture del vescovo G.B. Chiaramonti per una 'democrazia cristiana'. Gli 'articoli organici' del periodo napoleonico - 9. Storia e modernità nelle relazioni tra Chiesa e Repubblica Popolare Cinese.
Sulla modifica della scelta di avvalersi o non avvalersi dell’insegnamento della religione cattolica. Un punto di vista scolastico -
About the Modification of the Choice to Attend or not Attend Teaching of Catholic Religion. A School Point of View
ABSTRACT: A recent judgement of the Judicial Administration has authorized the free modification of the choice to attend or not attend teaching of Catholic Religion in Italian schools, against the Concordat between Italian Republic and Holy See. The article discusses the judgement formally (highlighting a lack of jurisdiction) and on the substance (a confusion between a cultural and a cultic meaning of the teaching). In addition to institutional relations between State and Church, there are epistemological consequences on the nature of the same teaching.
SOMMARIO: 1. Attualità del problema - 2. La normativa sulle iscrizioni e la scelta di avvalersi o non avvalersi dell’insegnamento della religione cattolica (Irc) - 3. Il caso in giudizio - 4. Sul difetto di giurisdizione - 5. Le motivazioni della sentenza: il richiamo alla libertà di culto - 6. Un Irc culturale o cultuale? - 7. Un bilanciamento poco equilibrato - 8. L’Irc come disciplina scolastica - 9. In attesa di revisioni.
I ministri di culto in Italia -
SOMMARIO: 1. La nozione di ministro di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2. Origini storiche della figura civilistica del ministro di culto - 3. Principi ispiratori dell’attuale normativa sui ministri di culto - 4. La normativa sui ministri di culto: le fonti - 5. Disposizioni restrittive sui ministri di culto - 6. I ministri di culto nel diritto penale - 7. I ministri di culto nella legislazione pattizia - 8. Ministri di culto e giurisdizione confessionale, tra autonomia e tutela dei diritti - 9. Il sostentamento dei ministri di culto - 10. La remunerazione del ministro di culto: natura della prestazione e tutela giurisdizionale - 11. Le molteplici attività socialmente rilevanti dei ministri di culto - 12. Problemi, vecchi e nuovi, e prospettive di riforma - 13. Osservazioni conclusive.
The ministers of religion in Italian law
ABSTRACT: This contribution analyses the status of ministers of religion in the Italian legal system. It starts from a description of the historical foundations, which lies in Nineteenth-century liberal legislation, and arrives at a synthetic representation of the regulations currently in force in the unilateral State law and in the Concordat and Treaty legislation. The regulatory evolution, which is still in progress, describes the transition from a uniform and homogeneous concept of minister of religion, inspired by the Catholic priest and placed at the basis of a mostly restrictive legislation, to a more articulate and comprehensive one, reflecting the growing confessional pluralism of Italian society and the assertion of the right to religious freedom. This new approach represents the premise for a legislation that increasingly aims at protecting and promoting the status and the manifold activities of ministers of religion, particularly in the context of the strong enhancement of the Welfare State and of the Third sector. Finally, the article focuses on some problematic issues of the current legislation and on the apparent paradox that, in the face of a more favorable State legislation, nowadays the status of the minister of religion, and in particular that of the Catholic priest - who still represents the main reference for Italy’s legislation - is undergoing a strong identity crisis in the ecclesial order, thus posing a series of problems also for society at large.
Gli enti ecclesiastici tra diritto speciale e diritto comune -
SOMMARIO - 1. L’ente ecclesiastico: una figura soggettiva complessa - 2. Il diritto speciale nella disciplina dell’ente ecclesiastico - 3. La specialità derivante dal carattere bilaterale della normativa sugli enti: il caso emblematico della responsabilità amministrativa derivante da reato - 4. L’espansione del diritto comune nella disciplina dell’ente ecclesiastico - 5. La specialità di regime degli enti ecclesiastici nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento - 6. Diritto speciale e diritto comune nella riforma del Terzo settore.
Ecclesiastical bodies between special rules and general law
ABSTRACT: This contribution examines the relationship between special law rules of a treaty nature and general law in the Italian discipline of civilly recognized ecclesiastical bodies, in particular those of the Catholic Church, which still represents most part of these entities. This aspect is examined with respect to the latest regulatory evolution, in particular the reform of the Third sector, which tends to confirm the duplicity of regime of ecclesiastical bodies. It also highlights the growing attention and protection of the normative peculiarities of this category of legal entities by the State legislator.
Serve una nuova governance della libertà religiosa in Italia -
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: tre domande sulla difficile costruzione di una società pluralista. Dalla Costituente ai fatidici anni ’70 - 2. La fase applicativa delle norme costituzionali in materia di libertà religiosa: fra tentennamenti politici, violazioni della legalità costituzionale e complessità sociale - 3. La “governance” nelle relazioni tra sfera pubblica e fenomeno religioso - 4. Il “cantiere Europa”: le possibilità di una democrazia (in crisi) - 5. Conclusioni.
It ought to be necessary a new Italian governance for religious freedom
ABSTRACT: This work highlights, in a descriptive fashion, some of the critical aspects of the relationships between the State and religious groups in Italy. Concrete legal policy proposals are suggested, within the applicable constitutional framework, taking into account the changed social, cultural and religious context of the country.
Ecclesiastical properties as common goods. A challenge for the cultural, social and economic development of local communities -
SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. The temporal goods of the Church and the principle of subsidiarity - 3. The notion of common goods in Italy - 4. Some practical cases of ecclesiastical heritage as common goods in Italy- 5. A comparative perspective with Belgium: the strategic plans for the future of churches in Flanders - 6. Future perspectives and conclusions.
ABSTRACT: According to recent studies, there are about 600,000 places of worship and several thousands of monasteries and convents in Europe. The process of secularization, the decrease and displacement of the population, the reduction of vocations to the sacred life can be held responsible for the redundancy of the assets of the Catholic Church. These buildings represent an impressive heritage of faith, work and creativity of the communities which made them over the centuries. Most of them are considered as “cultural heritage” by the legislation of the European States, because of their historical, cultural and artistic values. Up to now, the main solution to this phenomenon has consisted in the alienation of these properties. However, the selling and the disposal of these goods by ecclesiastical bodies cannot always be the only and preferable solution. Drawing from the analysis of some case studies in Italy, this paper aims to investigate the role of civil society participation in the regeneration process and the possibility of applying “collaboration pacts” for the management of “common goods”. In the light of the European scope of the phenomenon, a comparison is proposed in line with the legal instrument of “strategic plans”, drawn up by the diocesan bishop and local authorities in Flanders (Belgium).
Prime annotazioni sull’Intesa tra Repubblica italiana e Santa Sede per l’assistenza spirituale ai militari cattolici: una riforma gattopardesca -
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La forma: la qualificazione dell’Intesa come accordo di natura internazionalistica - 3. La ratifica e l’esecuzione dell’Intesa nell’ordinamento dello Stato, con le relative norme di adeguamento: l’esito paradossale di una disciplina “duplicata” - 4. Le ondivaghe “vicissitudini” dell’art. 17 C.O.M.: un “termostato” delle tensioni sociali e giuridiche riguardanti la materia e l’esigenza di una riforma - 5. Politica concordataria della Santa Sede e attribuzioni alle Conferenze episcopali nazionali. Alcune considerazioni sulla polarizzazione del dibattito pubblico in Italia - 6. I contenuti dell’Intesa; 7. Le norme di adeguamento dell’ordinamento interno: novità e rilievi critici - 7.1. La direzione e il coordinamento del Servizio di assistenza spirituale: una titolarità giuridica diretta in capo all’Ordinario militare per l’Italia - 7.2. L’introduzione della figura dei Cappellani militari coordinatori, in luogo degli Ispettori: alcuni problemi di sicurezza per le istituzioni militari dello Stato- 7.3. Il concetto canonico di “sede vacante” entra nell’ordinamento militare - 7.4. La procedura di individuazione e di determinazione delle sedi per i cappellani militari - 7.5. L’art. 1533-bis C.O.M.: il divieto di corresponsione di emolumenti accessori e la materia “spirituale e pastorale” - 7.6. La nomina dell’Ordinario militare e del Vicario generale - 7.7. Il regime di assimilazione ai gradi gerarchici per i cappellani militari: nella sostanza non cambia nulla - 7.8. Altre novelle legislative: l’organico dei cappellani; la procedura di nomina; la dismissione dallo stato clericale - 8. Prime tensioni tra Ordinariato militare e amministrazione della Difesa sull’applicazione della legge - 9. Perché nell’Intesa non c’è alcun riferimento alle donne consacrate che operano negli stabilimenti militari? - 10. Conclusioni: il Capo I della legge n. 70 del 2021 come “caso-studio” del decadimento normativo e della crisi del Parlamento.
Some comments on the agreement between the Italian Republic and the Holy See for spiritual assistance to the Catholic members of the Armed Forces
ABSTRACT: Through the application of the Italian Law no. 70/2021, we see the long-awaited revision of the institute of religious assistance to Catholics within the Armed Forces, with the authorization of the ratification of the Exchange of Letters between the President of the Council of Ministers and the Secretary of the Vatican City State (on February 13, 2018) and the related rules for the adaptation of the internal legal system. The new aspects, however, are very limited in scope.