Contributi di Leone Melillo

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. Dalle “condizioni svariate e complesse della coscienza giuridica del popolo” alla “sovranità dello Stato” – 3. Il mancato accordo politico – 4. Conclusione.

Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and the "Roman question"

ABSTRACT: The motivation that leads Orlando to negotiate the solution of the “Roman Question” with Monsignor Bonaventura Cerretti, that he “met” in Paris, as “sent” by Benedict XV, focuses on the work of political agreement, on the “crisis” of the “Orlando ministry” and, therefore, on the Lateran Pacts of 11th February 1929, which mark the overcoming of a politics, founded on the “law of guarantees”, and give a “not very different text from that of Orlando - Cerretti’s one”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Dall’ “aggiornamento” alla “società aperta” - 3. Prospettive di una riflessione - 4. Il superamento della “dicotomia bioetica” nell’era di Papa Francesco - 5. Conclusione.

From the "submerged schism" to the era of Pope Francis

ABSTRACT: “The submerged schism” by Pietro Prini appears as a new research perspective that seems to overwhelm the distinction between “Catholic bioethics and lay bioethics” and, so, the existence of “two ethical models or paradigms”. From the “upgrading”, through the “open society”, it is achieved to the “overcoming” of the “closed society” and to “the era of Pope Francis” on which the reflection does not seem to be focused yet.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La dimensione “teorica” - 3. La dimensione “pratica” - 4. La dimensione “personale” - 5. Conclusione.

The “heretic” Piero Gobetti and the three “dimensions” of the history of the Risorgimento

ABSTRACT: Piero Gobetti’s “the heresy of the Risorgimento” allows to distinguish three “points of view” of the political and cultural experience of the “heretical” Gobetti, the “theoretical” one, the “practical” one and “personal” one. Three “profiles” that realized a systematic dimension, in the relationship of the Risorgimento with the “Liberal Revolution”, according to a research perspective that has never been fully analyzed. A reflection that highlights the “drama of the Risorgimento”, the “programmatic formulas” of “The Liberal Revolution” and Piero Gobetti's “clarity of authentic feelings” which moves on the “ground of heresy” with his “choice” of life.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Dalla tolleranza alla possibilità di “riconoscere nel cuore un Dio incorporeo e altissimo” - 3. La libertà religiosa aconfessionale nella definizione della sovranità assoluta - 4. La potestà aconfessionale della sovranità statale e il separatismo - 5. Dalla ragion di Stato della “suprema potestà statale” alla libertà religiosa nell’esercizio della giurisdizione - 6. Conclusione.

Jean Bodin from Tolerance to Religious Freedom

ABSTRACT: Absolutism, in France, rises also in order to resolve religious conflicts, affirming the national community and the interests of the State. This is an evaluation that leads to thinking, above all, about J. Bodin and Les le livres de la Republique and to “read” the relationship between "tolerance" and "religious liberty". Bodin indicates the limits of religious tolerance - that is based on the dogma of the exclusive confessional salvation - that reveals to religious freedom in the theorization of the absolute State. The freedom to manifest own religious conviction does not undergo to any presumption of exclusive salvation because it intends to proclaim publicly, but also privately, what the individual perceives in consciousness. A dimension of secularism really particular, that reveals the difficult political condition of the wars of religion. The coexistence of the only God, which divine laws sanction in the definition of sovereignty, suggests an overcoming of the confessionism. The civil legal significance of religious confessions lives the confessional dimension of interreligious dialogue for an understanding of the "incorporeal and supreme" God of the "Colloquium Heptaplomeres".