Contenuti per la categoria: Uguaglianza e non discriminazione

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. The necessary conditions of social negotiation - 3. Nordic Secularism - 4. Organic religious literacy - 5. Translation - 6. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT: The refusal to shake hands with a female reporter by a Muslim politician from the Miljöpartiet resulted in a controversy in Sweden. Together with a number of court cases, it revealed a disparity between the established judicial line and the views of the general public. The Swedish controversy received a response from Denmark, where the ruling coalition introduced new citizenship legislation with an obligation to shake hands with the mayor during a naturalization ceremony. These controversies highlighted the rising tensions on multiple levels, between majority and minority, religious freedom and gender equality, law and public opinion. This paper takes a closer look at the role of law as a negotiator and employs the notions of Nordic secularism, organic religious literacy, and the ethos of hospitality towards the untranslatable, in order to answer two questions: where these tensions come from and what are the possible ways of overcoming them.

SOMMARIO - 1. L’ente ecclesiastico: una figura soggettiva complessa - 2. Il diritto speciale nella disciplina dell’ente ecclesiastico - 3. La specialità derivante dal carattere bilaterale della normativa sugli enti: il caso emblematico della responsabilità amministrativa derivante da reato - 4. L’espansione del diritto comune nella disciplina dell’ente ecclesiastico - 5. La specialità di regime degli enti ecclesiastici nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento - 6. Diritto speciale e diritto comune nella riforma del Terzo settore.

 Ecclesiastical bodies between special rules and general law

ABSTRACT: This contribution examines the relationship between special law rules of a treaty nature and general law in the Italian discipline of civilly recognized ecclesiastical bodies, in particular those of the Catholic Church, which still represents most part of these entities. This aspect is examined with respect to the latest regulatory evolution, in particular the reform of the Third sector, which tends to confirm the duplicity of regime of ecclesiastical bodies. It also highlights the growing attention and protection of the normative peculiarities of this category of legal entities by the State legislator.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: tre domande sulla difficile costruzione di una società pluralista. Dalla Costituente ai fatidici anni ’70 - 2. La fase applicativa delle norme costituzionali in materia di libertà religiosa: fra tentennamenti politici, violazioni della legalità costituzionale e complessità sociale - 3. La “governance” nelle relazioni tra sfera pubblica e fenomeno religioso - 4. Il “cantiere Europa”: le possibilità di una democrazia (in crisi) - 5. Conclusioni.

It ought to be necessary a new Italian governance for religious freedom

ABSTRACT: This work highlights, in a descriptive fashion, some of the critical aspects of the relationships between the State and religious groups in Italy. Concrete legal policy proposals are suggested, within the applicable constitutional framework, taking into account the changed social, cultural and religious context of the country.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La monarchia di Idris Al Senussi e la Costituzione del 1951 - 3. L’Islam nella Libia di Re Idris - 4. Moammar Gheddafi e la Terza Teoria Universale: l’Islam all’interno del “Nuovo” sistema libico - 5. Gheddafi e il movimento islamista - 6. La caduta di Gheddafi, la Dichiarazione Costituzionale del 2011 e l’Islam - 7. L’ultima bozza del 2017 e i contrasti infiniti - 8. Brevi riflessioni.

The Constitution and the role of Islam in Libya from independence to the fall of Moammar Gaddafi: origins and perspectives

ABSTRACT: This study aims to retrace Libya's constitutional path from Independence, obtained in December 1951, up to the "post-Gaddafi" era, which began with his fall in October 2011 and where the agreement on a new Constitution is still today - after more than ten years - one of the thorniest issues in the construction of a real Libyan State. Particular emphasis will be given to the religious aspect that has characterized the Constitutional Charter of Libya in its short national history and to the religious challenges faced in the different historical phases. The study will be divided into three parts. The first one will try to frame the constitutional discourse in the new independent Libya under the monarchy of King Idris al-Senussi. In the second part, will be addressed to the drastic changes that occurred with Moammar Gaddafi's rise to power. Finally, in the last part will try to draw a picture of what the situation is today and to understand what are actually the obstacles that are holding back an agreement between the rival factions (East and West) on a shared Constitution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. The coronavirus crisis: a tragedy and an opportunity - 2. Demanding governments’ accountability - 3. The conditions for legitimate restrictions on freedom of religion or belief - 4. The significance of equality and State’s neutrality for the protection of religious freedom - 5. Advantages of dialogue and cooperation between State and religion - 6. Support and doubts in the reaction of religious communities to governmental measures - 7. Final remarks.

ABASTRACT: This article explores peculiarities of the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to other health crisis experienced in the past. Each character is thoroughly examined in the article. The article focuses on four thematic areas: the legal regulation of the fight against coronavirus; the equality of treatment of religious freedom in relation to other fundamental rights; the cooperation between the State and religious communities; and the reactions of religious communities to governmental measures. The article argues that rather than raising new questions, COVD-19 has forced us to deal with familiar questions under unprecedented circumstances. In this frame, time has played a central role as a factor to be taken into account to scrutinize the legitimacy of measures introducing severe limitations to fundamental rights and freedoms. Finally, the article claims that from a legal perspective, the experience of the past months reveals that, especially in times of crisis, we need a scrupulous respect for the requirements of the rule of law, including a strict accountability and transparency from governments, and putting especial emphasis on the protection of fundamental rights, among which is freedom of religion or belief.

SOMMARIO: 1 - Su di un critico arretramento nella teoria della giustizia - 2. La possibile riconduzione della giustizia alla ‘logica’ della carità religiosamente orientata - 3. Il pluralismo religioso come ausilio per un più equo e dinamico con-vivere nelle democrazie contemporanee - 4. Sul ritorno a Morgezia, italica matrice del plurale con-sistere di civiltà e culture euro-mediterranee - 5. - Una declinazione mediterranea della giustizia a sostegno delle realtà estromesse dalle “società dell’abbondanza”.

Morgezia, Italic matrix of Euro-Mediterranean civilizations

ABSTRACT: The essay aims to claim to Calabria - identified with the "italic" name of Morgezia - the role of matrix of the cultures that have spread from the Mediterranean to the entire planet. It would recall that in the current era, characterized by globalization and emergencies induced by socio-environmental degradation and the regurgitation of conflicts, also according to the papal magisterium, the recovery of the most genuine and plural Mediterranean identities can help give again to Europe - of which Calabria is emblematically assumed as a metaphor - the ability to affect international relations in order to determine their more a fair and balanced structure, and therefore more peaceful with and among peoples, even the most “peripheral” and/or neglected ones.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Stereotipi e luoghi comuni - 3. Stereotipi e linguaggio di genere - 4. Contro un automatismo discriminante: la sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 131 del 2022 - 5. Non arrendersi all’ovvio.

Resist the obvious. Some considerations on gender stereotypes following the sentence of the Italian Constitutional Court, n. 131 of 2022, on the attribution of the surname

ABSTRACT: The aim of this contribution is to examine the gender inequalities issues, particularly those of women, within the linguistic perspective. In particular, it highlights the discriminating capacity of stereotypes and discusses their performative dimension. Nowadays, despite several recommendations to reduce the gender gap, women continue to be marginalised in a still strong masculine culture, also through discursive practices. So, commonplaces, thanks to their simplicity and immediacy, reinforce an order of power relations between genders that place women in a position of subordination. In order to subvert this situation and reach an equal condition, the law also appears useful. The last sentence issued by the Italian Constitutional Court, on the attribution of surname to children, offers a good example in this sense. The path still appears long and uncertain, but highlighting stereotypes distortions can contribute to achieving an equal democracy which finds in inclusiveness an indispensable basis for an authentically democratic condition of life, that encourages the emergence and spread of a way of being more open, and also more ethical, a way of being of the future and for the future.

SUMMARY: 1. Religion and citizenship - 2. Religion and migration - 3. The controversial stance on religion, citizens and migrants - 4. Promoting Western values or international standards of human rights protection? - 5. Concluding remarks.

ABSTRACT: In a controversy concerning the legitimacy of the wearing of the Sikh kirpan in the public space, the Italian Court of Cassation stated that immigrants have the obligation to conform their values to those of the Western world. This is but one case when a migrant’s religion has been assumed - in the public and political debate and in courts - to draw a line between what belongs to the Western civilization and what does not. This paper aims to challenge the ‘West versus non-West’ approach, by examining the interplay between religion, citizenship and migration, and by stressing that democratic countries are such only as long as they remain pluralist and accommodate diversity. Although limitations on unacceptable manifestations of religion do apply, these must pursue only legitimate aims under international standards, which do not include such a thing as the protection of Western values.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il riconoscimento della personalità giuridica degli enti acattolici quale realizzazione di una “convergenza di interessi” - 2. L’attività consultiva del Consiglio di Stato: sindacato di conformità o principio di conformazione? - 3. Le confessioni religiose senza intesa. Il processo decisionale di riconoscimento della personalità giuridica degli enti esponenziali tra vecchie e nuove dinamiche.

The bodies of the non-Catholic religious denominations. Institutional dialogue and administrative practice

ABSTRACT: Through an analysis of the administrative practice, the contribution examines the system of relations between public institutions and religious denominations without an agreement, with specific regard to the application profiles of Article 2 of Law no. 1159 of 1929.

 SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. I casi di rifiuto opposto da pasticcieri per motivi religiosi di vendere torte commissionate da clienti omosessuali - 3. Libertà di contrarre e interessi contrapposti - 4. L’attuale assetto del quadro normativo in materia di diritto contrattuale antidiscriminatorio - 5. I tentativi della dottrina civilistica di ricondurre la materia all’interno di una cornice di coerenza sistematica - 6. Una inedita rappresentazione in ambito europeo del difficile equilibrio tra libertà di espressione e divieto di discriminazione a causa dell’orientamento sessuale - 7. Dalla libertà di espressione alla libertà di creazione “artistica” il passo è breve? - 8. La decisione di inammissibilità del ricorso presentato davanti alla Corte di Strasburgo dall’attivista di QueerSpace.

“The Icing on the Cake”. Looking for the Right Balance between the Baker’s Freedom and the Prohibition of Discrimination of the Same-Sex Couples

ABSTRACT: When a baker refuses to sell a cake for the wedding of a homosexual couple on religious grounds, a conflict arises between two fundamental rights, equality, and freedom of religion. In some cases, freedom of expression may also be involved. This article examines the question of whether these rights can be balanced, considering the doctrinal approach to anti-discrimination contract law and the most recent case law.