Contenuti per la categoria: Tutela penale e fattore religioso

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La tutela del sentimento religioso in Canada: un inquadramento costituzionale - 3. Il reato di Hate Speech - 4. Il reato di blasfemia - 5. Considerazioni conclusive.

Legal features of the sacred in pluralist systems. Recent developments in the Canadian constitutional legal order

ABSTRACT: Nowadays the concept of "sacred" is characterised by a pluralization of the religious phenomena, which are barely defined from a legal point of view by the State. One of the criticalities of this scenario lies in the fact that there is no uniqueness on the limits that the State determines in outlining the boundaries of a religion. The risk of this lack of precise limits could be, inter alia, the offense to religious sentiment. The Author investigates the legal provisions that limit offences to religious sentiment such as the crime of hate speech and blasphemy in Canada. The latter is in fact a pluralist system considered as a good example for other States.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le pratiche di manipolazioni degli organi genitali femminili - 2. Procedura esercutiva e conseguenze degli atti di alterazione dei caratteri sessuali delle donne - 3. Radici socio-culturali delle pratiche di MGF - 4. Fattore religioso e atti modificativi dei genitali femminili - 5. Le strategie di prevenzione e di contrasto delle MGF nell’Unione europea - 6. Politiche legislative nella lotta contro le MGF - 7. Conclusioni.

Denied identities. Female genital mutilation: the fight of Europe against a silent violence

ABSTRACT: FGM refers to rituals of manipulation female genitalia and other procedures against female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Usually the practice is carried out on young girls, from childhood to teenagers. These rituals are carried out for cultural, religious and social reasons in the mistaken belief that they will produce a benefit to the girl (to safeguard her virginity, to prepare for marriage, etc.). No religious text prescribes the practice, but is rooted in the culture and beliefs of the communities that practice it. However some religious communities practice the FGM. Rituals do not help the health of the girl subjected, but they can lead to serious health complications or even to death of victim. So FGM is recognised a form of child abuse and a violation of women’s human rights. The EU is committed to eliminating FGM through strategic actions and legislative measures, but mainly changes in attitudes and beliefs among relevant communities are important to ensure FGM is abandoned. It is also important to fight FGM with direct involvement of the religious and political leaders of the communities where the rituals are diffuse. European States are called to cooperate with each other with strategic internal and external actions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La giurisprudenza della Suprema Corte - 3. L’introduzione del § 1631, lett. d, nel BGB tedesco e la giurisprudenza di Colonia - 4. Risoluzioni e raccomandazioni del Consiglio d’Europa - 5. Il recente dibattito islandese - 6. Prospettive per l’Italia: necessità o ultroneità di una legge ad hoc? - 7. Osservazioni conclusive.

Notes on ritual circumcision in Ecclesiastical and Religious Law.

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the delicate issue of ritual circumcision in Ecclesiastical and Religious Law. After having investigated the etymological origin of the word and reconstructed the history of the practice in question – distinguishing between circumcisions: a) therapeutic or prophylactic, b) ritual, c) cultural or ethnic – the focus is on the jurisprudential orientations of the Italian Court of Cassation. The solution proposed by the judgment of 24 November 2011, n. 43646, is carefully read and compared with the EU's law, the German legislation and the results of the recent Icelandic debate. Nevertheless, the absence of an ad hoc law on circumcision does not represent a vulnus in the Italian legal system, since the discipline can be found in the positive law in force, and even before in constitutional principles, as interpreted by the jurisprudence of merit and legitimacy. On the contrary, the essay raises the question that the introduction of a law on circumcision would not only be superfluous (for ethical and cultural reasons, even before legal ones), but also late".

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa: le origini del dibattito sul genocidio e la difficile genesi della sua giuridificazione - 2. Processi ermeneutici e tentativi espansivi in merito alla nozione di genocidio: rischi e problematiche. Il ruolo dei profili religiosi - 3. Qualificazioni tipologico-effettuali del genocidio. Percorsi e prospettive - 4. Appunti per una casistica giurisdizionale internazionale del genocidio: riscontri formali e casi controversi - 5. Disagevoli profili conclusivi: l’attualità del genocidio e delle sue conseguenze istituzionali nel cuore dell’Europa.

Observations about the genocide: hypotheses of comparison and consequences on the legal protection of religious freedom

ABSTRACT: Talking about the genocide implies to recall a wide doctrinal processing, including refined strategies to put into effects the legal definition of genocide itself. This conceptual effort should combine the historical reconstruction with a dramatic but intransigent analysis of the most recent massacres. The constant presence of religious conflicts in concrete representations of genocide undoubtedly shows how the stance for religious freedom shall be definitely urgent and participated, because genocides are a maybe surprising but anyway unquestionable part of our most recent legal history and systems, including the institutional development of the European Union.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction. Object of the evaluation: description of the exhibit – 2. Main part. An evaluation - 2.1. Communicative technique of combining the sacred with the low and vulgar associated with homosexual acts and the corresponding semantics condemned in the traditional Catholic religion - 2.2. Communicative technique of metonymic replacement (substitution) of one sign with another - 3. Conclusions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli scenari preventivi: il terrorismo a chiamata individuale - 2. Le prevent strategies. I livelli di intervento - 3. L’islamista, ovvero il type consumer del messaggio radicalizzante - 4. La pericolosità sociale indicatore laico-giudiziario di radicalizzazione - 5. Schedatura, provvedimenti di deradicalizzazione e laicità della “reazione” dello Stato - 6. I radicalizzati: indexing risk factors Constitution-compliant.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. La prohibición de la blasfemia en el marco de una Constitución de clara inspiración católica - 3. El cuestionamiento de una norma de tan dudoso encaje en el sistema constitucional de derechos y libertades - 3.1. Las críticas en general al régimen constitucional de las confesiones religiosas - 3.2. La controversia específica en torno a la prohibición de la blasfemia en la Constitución irlandesa - 4. Algunas conclusiones y una razonable expectativa.

The controversial offence of blasphemy in the Irish Constitution

ABSTRACT: As recently as June 2018 the Irish Government has approved a referendum to remove the offence of blasphemy from the Constitution; the referendum will be held in October this year. This paper briefly examines the historical and legal backgrounds of this controversial prohibition that survived the 1972 reform of the constitutional provisions in the field of Church and State that, among other aspects, conferred a special position to the Catholic Church, and it does so in order to underline the importance and the potential consequences of the proposed reform in case of an affirmative vote in the upcoming referendum. For this analysis the author gives prior consideration to the fundamental meaning and scope of the constitutional provisions currently in force in the area of Law and Religion and, once this framework is summarized, the paper turns to reflect primarily on the legal and judicial developments that have taken place in the last decades relating the offence of blasphemy in Irish Law.

SOMMARIO 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. La definizione dottrinale di “reato culturalmente motivato”, e le sue “sotto-categorie” prasseologiche - 3. La giurisprudenza relativa a reati a elevata offensività - 4. La giurisprudenza relativa a reati a bassa offensività - 5. La sentenza Cass. n. 29613 del 2018. - 6. Verso un test culturale come architrave motivazionale? - 7. Considerazioni finali.

Latest News from Jurisprudence on Culturally Motivated Crimes

ABSTRACT:  The author, after having clarified the notion of culturally motivated crime consolidated in doctrine, analyzes the recent Italian jurisprudence on the topic, representing the general coordinates provided by the Court of Cassation to the interpreter in the presence of this type of crimes.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili come atto di violenza nelle norme e nei documenti europei degli anni 2000 – 3. Escissione e abuso/brutalità/violenza: binomi appropriati e inevitabili? – 4. L’escissione, il dolore e la sua reinterpretazione – 5. Il rapporto dell’escissione con la comunità, la famiglia e il matrimonio – 6. La Convenzione di Istanbul, le norme francesi e i rischi per la libertà religiosa – 7. Considerazioni conclusive.

Female Genital Mutilation as a Gender-Based Crime? (An Analysis of the European Norms in Light of the Concepts of Violence and Religious Freedom)

ABSTRACT: Female genital mutilations (FGM) are ancient practices, which are widespread in several geographical areas, and particularly in Africa. The conflict between customary norms and state legal systems, which arises because FGM violate fundamental rights like the right to physical integrity, health, and non-discrimination based on gender/ethnicity/culture, discloses the dialectic between two normative universes; these universes are conceptually distant with regard to the priority given to the individual and the group. Focusing on the reasons related to female genital cutting (FGC), which consists of the ablation, to differing degrees, of female genital organs, this article, argues that the link that European norms establish between FGM and violence, abuse or brutality comes into conflict with the reasons why migrants perpetuate FGC. Therefore, the way gender is mainstreamed into European norms on FGM can have negative effects, which concern courts’ implementation of these norms and migrants’ social inclusion. Furthermore, this article claims that focusing on health instead of gender equality may prove more effective for the eradication of FGM. Through an analysis of French law, it also suggests that the way the national law is adapted to conform to the Istanbul Convention, may represent a danger to religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’Islam tra le mura del carcere: le ragioni di un intervento, gli obiettivi del Protocollo - 2. Uno spiraglio di libertà: la fede in regime di detenzione, le garanzie normative e le risposte alla diversità religiosa - 3. Mediatori o ministri di culto? Un ruolo ‘sospeso’ tra definizioni giuridiche e prassi - 4. Visitate i detenuti: La questione dell’ingresso negli istituti detentivi, criticità applicative e novità del Protocollo - 5. Conclusioni.

Granting Islamic religious ministers admission to prisons, amid long-lasting issues and reformation perspectives. The Agreement between the Prison Administration Department and the Islamic Communities Union.

ABSTRACT: As religious diversity in Italian prisons grows, accommodating prisoners’ religious needs tries legal paradigms and instruments out. In 2015 the Prison Administration Department signed an agreement with UCOII, one of the largest Islamic associations in Italy, in order to grant admission in prisons to intercultural mediators and religious ministers. This article seeks to situate the covenant in the wider context of the Italian legal protection of religious freedom in prison, highlighting three main purposes of the agreement: providing Islamic prisoners with religious assistance, enforcing rehabilitative programs and combating violent radicalization in jail. After two years the experience has shown good evidences. Nonetheless, contended issues still remain unsettled. While evaluating feasible solutions, the article advocates a legislative intervention that could assess criteria and procedures for religious ministers’ access to prisons fulfilling the principle of equality and non-discrimination.