Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

SOMMARIO: 1. Il tema - 2. L’attività ecclesiale di Costantinopoli nella diaspora - 3. Azione pastorale nella diaspora rivendicata da alcune Chiese - 4. Controversie in materia di giurisdizione episcopale - 5. L’esarcato moscovita per l’Africa - 6. Il ruolo del patriarcato ecumenico e del patriarcato moscovita nell’odierna ortodossia - Appendice.

Recent disputes on territorial jurisdiction in Orthodoxy: the Exarchate Moscow for Africa

ABSTRACT: The pastoral activity of Constantinople and other autocephalous churches in the diaspora. The consequent controversies on the episcopal jurisdiction. The Moscovite Exarchate for Africa. The role of the Moscow patriarchate in today's Orthodoxy.

SOMMARIO: 1. All’origine (antropologica) del problema: tra scandalo e linciaggio rituale - 2. Competenza confessionale (legalmente pacifica) sull’accusa - 3. (intermezzo) Parallelismi tra linciaggio e scomunica - 4. (segue) Natura giuridica dell’intervento di Pilato. Una lezione di laicità.

Jesus before Pilate. Procedural remarks on a case of legalisation of ecclesiastical lynching

ABSTRACT: The Author wants to reconsider the trial of Jesus through a double critical grid: that of elimination by lynching of those who, by causing scandals, have cracked, regardless of any guilt, the certainties of the group (model dating back to immemorial times, and expression of pagan myths), and that of the execution of the death sentence issued by the great Sanhedrin of Jerusalem against the Nazarene, subject to adequate control by the Roman praetor (limited, however, only to the conditions of its admissibility by the imperial system). The discussion proceeds by underlining the full autonomy in merit of the confessional verdict, which the execution power accessed as a mere formal verification of the existence of conditions of public order considered indispensable by the State system. On the side-lines, the Author takes the opportunity to highlight how these precautions have become less and less renounceable over time, in face of the recurrent ecclesiastical claim to re-propose in new forms the ancestral logic of the ritualized lynching of discuting members.

SOMMARIO: 1. Cenni introduttivi sui termini della questione oggetto di analisi - 2. La vicenda da cui trae origine il ricorso presentato alla Corte europea dei diritti umani - 3. L’orientamento della giurisprudenza della Corte in materia di immunità degli Stati dalla giurisdizione - 4. Immunità dalla giurisdizione e “sovranità” degli organismi centrali della Chiesa - 5. La distinzione tra acta jure imperii e acta jure gestionis riferita alle competenze degli organismi centrali della Chiesa nella gestione della crisi dei preti pedofili - 6. La questione della riconducibilità delle presunte condotte colpevoli della Santa Sede nel quadro della materia riguardante i “trattamenti inumani” - 7. La questione degli obblighi derivanti dalla Convenzione sui diritti del fanciullo - 8. I requisiti per potere inquadrare le condotte della Santa Sede tra quelle per le quali opera una eccezione codificata all’immunità dalla giurisdizione - 9. In conclusione: l’immunità della Santa Sede tra sovranità “statale” e governo della Chiesa universale (con un cenno alle discussioni sul superamento del vecchio principio di sovranità).

The Immunity of the Holy See from State Jurisdiction in the Pedophile-Priest Crisis

ABSTRACT: The recognition of the Holy See as a foreign sovereign forms the basis for any grant of immunity from legal proceedings. The present article examines the question of the Holy See’s immunity as a sovereign state in handling sexual abuse cases. To do so, the paper takes its cue from European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of J.C. and Others v. Belgium (application no. 11625/17), which has ruled that the domestic courts have not jurisdiction to hear the tort case brought against the Holy See because it enjoys sovereign immunity.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L’iter procedurale del giudizio di ammissibilità costituzionale dei referendum abrogativi - 3. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale che ha dichiarato non ammissibile il referendum abrogativo sull’art. 579 c.p. (‘Omicidio del consenziente’) - 4. Le buone ragioni della prudente decisione assunta dai Giudici costituzionali - 5. Conclusioni.

Decision-making autonomy of the person in situations of vulnerability, weakness and limited rationality: initial reflections on the sidelines of sentence no. 50 of 15 February 2022 of the Constitutional Court

ABSTRACT: The Authors, starting with the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court which found the referendum to abrogate art. 579 c.p. (Murder of the consenting party), address, in a practical perspective, the question of the decision-making autonomy of the person in situations of vulnerability, weakness and limited rationality. Of the referendum question, they underline its cloudiness and ambivalence before analyzing the strengths of the decision that has finally given prominence to the many situations of fragility and vulnerability of the person not always and only due to the existence of an infirmity of mind. With all the practical consequences that derive from it for the care professionals to whom these people ask not only respect but rigorous guarantees of public protection.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Il caso oggetto delle sentenze in commento - 3. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili: notazioni socio-antropologiche - 4. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili come esempio paradigmatico di reato culturalmente motivato - 5. I riflessi sulla tipicità - 6. I riflessi sull’antigiuridicità: il consenso dell’avente diritto - 7. segue: l’esercizio di un diritto - 8. I riflessi sulla colpevolezza: l’oggetto del dolo - 9. segue: la conoscibilità del precetto - 10. La dosimetria sanzionatoria - 11. Considerazioni conclusive - Bibliografia - Appendice.

Cultural crimes and ignorantia legis: about the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione as regards female genital mutilation

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione about female genital mutilation. After the sociological and anthropological analysis of the causes of female genital mutilation, deals with the evolution of Italian criminal law against this cultural crime. In particular, the essay underlines the relation between culture and the main elements of crimes, investigating necessary adaptments of theoretical reconstructions to female genital mutilation and others cultural crimes too.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L'accomodamento ragionevole: cenni - 3. Dalla laicità come metodo alla reasonable accommodation - 4. (segue) Limiti e aporie - 5. Spunti conclusivi.

Religious symbols and reasonable accommodation ‘all’italiana’ in the recent jurisprudence of legitimacy

ABSTRACT: With the judgment no. 24414/2021, the United Sections of the Court of Cassation identified reasonable accommodation as a possible solution to the issue of religious symbols in public school classrooms. The application of the instrument (traditionally used to protect freedom of religion and belief in the workplace) to the case at hand is undoubtedly characterized by original features that this paper aims to analyze. After having reconstructed the model of reasonable accommodation proposed by the Court, this article tries to verify whether the use of this instrument can be effective and applicable, from a technical-legal point of view, even in the public-school context, which involves principles endowed with axiological primacy, such as that of ‘laicità’. Brief concluding remarks will be addressed to the possible effects of this ruling in those areas of Law and Religion which are characterized by regulatory gaps and/or a high degree of conflict.

SOMMARIO: 1. Riorganizzazione ecclesiastica e operazioni straordinarie degli enti canonici - 2. Le operazioni straordinarie nel Codice di diritto canonico: i canoni 121 e 122 - 3. Competenza dell’autorità ecclesiastica e procedura canonica - 4. (segue) licenze e controlli canonici - 5. Disciplina civile delle operazioni straordinarie degli enti canonici - 6. Mutamenti sostanziali degli enti ecclesiastici civilmente riconosciuti - 7. Operazioni straordinarie degli enti di diritto comune: trasformazioni di associazioni di fedeli e pie fondazioni - 8. (segue) fusioni e scissioni - 9. Enti religiosi con ramo del Terzo settore o di impresa sociale - 10. Profili fiscali delle operazioni straordinarie e beni culturali.

Conversion, merger and acquisition as well as split-up of Catholic Church entities under Canon and Italian laws *

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes conversion, merger and acquisition as well as split-up of Catholic Church entities by assessing canon law (can. 121 and 122 C.i.c.), treaties between Church and Italy (l. n. 222/1985) as well as the Italian law governing non profit organizations.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Esperienze normative - 3. Nello spazio giuridico europeo e internazionale - 4. Valida e inefficace - 5. Una ragionevole normativa penale - 6. Rigidità e flessibilità - 7. Fondati timori - 8. Us and Them - 9. Le culture tra eguaglianza e differenze – 10. Conclusioni.

Cultural Defenses between Monoculturalism and Multiculturalism

ABSTRACT: In an increasingly globalized world, individuals and groups are seeking to have their own culture respected, maintaining their cultural diversity in the face of growing globalization. These claims are connected with the formal conceptions of the principle of equality, which often produces substantial and discriminatory inequalities. This situation becomes even more complicated when related to the specific field of criminal law concerning cultural defenses. The author analyses the different approaches to cultural defenses, those oscillating from multiculturalism to monoculturalism, taking into account the Italian and European-international legal context.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Lo status dei cattolici orientali in Germania - 2.1. I fedeli della Chiesa ucraina - 2.2. Gli altri cattolici orientali - 3. Facoltà dei parroci latini di sposare coppie orientali? - 4. Chiesa di appartenenza dei figli di matrimoni misti - 4.1. Efficacia anche nella sfera giuridica latina? - 4.2. La situazione prima del motu proprio De concordia inter Codices - 4.3. La situazione dopo il motu proprio De concordia inter Codices - 5. Conclusioni.

The Status of Oriental Catholics in Germany. A current challenge for the coordination of the two Codes

ABSTRACT: According to an estimate by the Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference, about 200,000 members of fourteen different Eastern Catholic Churches currently live in Germany. A first large migratory wave with a lasting impact up to today emerged with members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the first decades of the 20th century. Lately, due to migration from Syria and Iraq starting in 2015, a larger number of Eastern Catholics - estimated by some in the five-digit range - have arrived in Germany. The change brought about by migration poses new challenges for pastoral care and canon law in Germany. The Ukrainians have their own jurisdiction in the form of an Apostolic Exarchy. All other Oriental Catholics have been entrusted to local Latin ordinaries by a decree of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches according to can. 916, § 5, CCEO. Therefore, the solution of many legal questions requires a synopsis of both codes. Do Latin parish priests have the authority to celebrate marriages for Oriental couples per se? To which church do children from a mixed marriage belong? The motu proprio De concordia inter Codices did not answer all questions and has also brought new ones.

SOMMARIO: 1. Prologo - 2. A mo’ d’introduzione - 3. Storia delle origini od origini di una storia? - 4. Fra' tacere' e 'dire', fra 'ordinare' e 'interdire' ... - 5. Rottura di un equilibrio - 6. Emanciparsi dalla Sharîʻa o applicarla? La disputa fra Corano e Sunna - 7. Solo il Corano basta - 8. La critica degli orientalisti - 9. Ulteriori studi: ICMA (isnad-cum-matn analysis)- 10. Maqâsid al-Sharîʻa (le finalità della legge islamica) - 11. Stimoli e riflessioni da un tentativo di approccio comparativo - 12. Una possibile ‘inversione’ di tendenza? - 13. Con il tempo e con la paglia …

Quran and/or Sunna? Narrative and prescriptive function in the 'sources' of Islam
 
ABSTRACT: Even if in different forms and according to historical and anthropological factors that have conditioned their development, religions have a doctrinal part and precepts that can have different weight and priorities in each of them. Islam, which like Judaism is centered more on orthopraxis than on orthodoxy, over time and especially in the modern era, also in relation to the phenomenon of huge migrations of its faithful to the West, is faced with new challenges affecting its regulatory side. In this regard, various orientations and studies have long confronted each other and still animate a little-known debate outside the circle of specialists.