Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

It is lawful for the faithful to decide to no longer attend those who leave the religious community, and the announcement of the resignation to the faithful does not affect the rights of the resigning person

SOMMARIO: 1. Il fatto - 2. Il punto in diritto - 3. La decisione - Sulla lesività dell’annuncio - 4. La decisione - Sull’ostracismo che sarebbe derivato dall’annuncio - 5. Conclusioni - Appendice.

Abstract: A resigning member who declares that he no longer wishes to be a member of the religious organization but at the same time does not wish to cease his membership of the same confession, is not liable to compensation for psychological and economic damage following the ratification of his resignation and its communication to the local faithful. According to the court, a member's resignation (an associative aspect) corresponds on a confessional level to no longer being considered a member of the confession. Therefore, the damaging nature of the public announcement is excluded. The general principles of law legitimize the actions of the religious organization, which also has constitutional protection in that the internal life of the religious body is regulated by its statutes, as no state interference is admissible. So-called ostracism on the part of members has no legal relevance, since it is rather the free choice of each individual to associate with someone or not, and this right is neither punishable nor harmful. The religious organization that suggests ostracizing behavior does not violate any rights as such teaching falls within the sphere of the lawful. The religious organization that suggests supposedly ostracizing behavior does not violate any legal norms, nor does it harm the interests of those who decides to cease his membership.

SOMMARIO: 1. La crisi della Respublica Christiana e la nascita della Chiesa territoriale di Stato - 2. La politica ecclesiastica della Church of England - 3. Dal Toleration Act del 1689 al sincretismo religioso anglicano - 4. Sinodalità anglicana e corresponsabilità nel governo ecclesiale - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.

The discipline of the religious factor in the Church of England: perspectives on constitutional inclusivism

ABSTRACT: The Church of England reproduced the characteristics of national churches in which rulers were free to choose the religion to be professed and subjects obliged to observe it. This condition persisted until 1689 when William III of Orange passed an ʹact of tolerationʹ by which a certain religious freedom was fostered, albeit in embryonic form, effectively paving the way for the stabilization of the different sensibilities, theological and ecclesiological, present in the aforementioned ecclesial reality and currently converged in the High Church, Low Church and Broad Church. In this regard, it is worth recalling the positive factors that these components have offered to today's Anglican Church, among which the right of ecclesial reorganization, inclusivism and lay participation in ecclesiastical government undoubtedly stand out. In the latter direction, therefore, must be understood the Synodical Government Measure of 1969 by which a parallel constitutional structure, inspired by the revaluation of the synodal element, through which the ʹequalʹ participation of bishops, presbyters and laity in the potestas gubernandi was ensured in the Church of England, alongside the secular hierarchical chain that reaches from the sovereign down to the faithful, was introduced. Indeed, it is no accident that the Anglican Church "is episcopally led and synodically governed”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il contributo in generale dell’Avvocato al processo matrimoniale - 3. Il ruolo dell’Avvocato nella fase pregiudiziale - 4. Il libello quale cardine del Processus brevior - 5. Il ridimensionamento del ruolo del DV nel Processus brevior - 6. La centralità del ruolo dell’Avvocato quale conseguenza anche del ridimensionamento delle attribuzioni del Tribunale - 7. Conclusioni.

 The Attorney’s contribution for the purposes of Processus brevior

ABSTRACT: This paper concerns the centrality of the attorney in the Processus brevior. Because the Processus brevior’s particular structure compresses the ordinary canonical resources granted by the Legislator to the subjects involved in a matrimonial trial, the attorney becomes its principal director. In particular, the Libellus in a Processus brevior is not a canvas as in the ordinary process but becomes a script binding all parties intending to go ahead with this special canonical instrument until the desired sentence declaring the nullity of marriage.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Il Primo emendamento e le garanzie gemelle dell’Establishment Clause e del Free Exercise Clause: una panoramica ricostruttiva - 2.1. I tre principali test utilizzati dalla Corte in sede di judicial review e basati sul Primo emendamento: il Lemon test, l’Endorsement test e il Coercion test - 2.2. La recente sentenza Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist. del 27 luglio 2022: l’abbandono (definitivo) del Lemon test in favore del criterio ermeneutico orientato alla “history and tradition” - 3. Le origini e la mobilitazione politica del motto degli Stati Uniti d’America - 3.1. Il XVIII secolo, la Rivoluzione americana e la diffusione del motto “E Pluribus Unum” - 3.2. Il XIX secolo e la Guerra Civile: la giustapposizione di “In God We Trust” accanto a “E Pluribus Unum” - 3.3. Il XX secolo e la Guerra fredda: “In God We Trust” diventa (l’unico) motto nazionale - 3.4. I diversi usi del motto nazionale lungo il dispiegarsi della storia - 4. Le caratteristiche dell’American civil religion e le sue ambivalenze - 5. Il motto nazionale in alcuni significativi obiter della Corte suprema: il deismo cerimoniale e le sue critiche - 5.1. Il deismo cerimoniale in alcune pronunce della Corte suprema - 5.2. Le riflessioni (preoccupate) della dottrina - 6. Riflessioni conclusive e spunti di comparazione - 6.1. L’uso della storia e della cultura nell’ordinamento italiano: cenni di comparazione sull’insegnamento della religione cattolica e sull’esposizione del crocifisso a scuola - 6.2. L’altro verso dell’American civil religion: ideologia e populismo.

The U.S. motto "In God We Trust" in light of the history and tradition “of the First Amendment

ABSTRACT: This essay reflects upon the U.S. national motto “In God We Trust” and religious liberty. It describes the birth and the life of the U.S. national motto from an historical and a normative perspective, and in relation with three crucial events that forged the United States’ historical conscience: the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the Cold War. It highlights how the motto has embraced different purposes and meanings, as well as attained varying levels of religiosity. After having introduced the main features of American civil religion, the paper pays attention to the various obiter that the Supreme Court has offered about the constitutionality of this symbol. The conclusions focus on two aspects: a brief comparison with the Italian legal system, which underlines the existing similarities between the “history and tradition” argument fostered by the U.S. Supreme Court and the appeal to the “historical heritage” and the “religious culture” that can be found in the Italian legal and political debates on the display of the crucifix in the classroom and the teaching of the Catholic religion. Secondly, they reflect about the ideological and illiberal turn that the American civil religion may take.

SOMMARIO: 1. La nozione di ministro di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2. Origini storiche della figura civilistica del ministro di culto - 3. Principi ispiratori dell’attuale normativa sui ministri di culto - 4. La normativa sui ministri di culto: le fonti - 5. Disposizioni restrittive sui ministri di culto - 6. I ministri di culto nel diritto penale - 7. I ministri di culto nella legislazione pattizia - 8. Ministri di culto e giurisdizione confessionale, tra autonomia e tutela dei diritti - 9. Il sostentamento dei ministri di culto - 10. La remunerazione del ministro di culto: natura della prestazione e tutela giurisdizionale - 11. Le molteplici attività socialmente rilevanti dei ministri di culto - 12. Problemi, vecchi e nuovi, e prospettive di riforma - 13. Osservazioni conclusive.

The ministers of religion in Italian law

ABSTRACT: This contribution analyses the status of ministers of religion in the Italian legal system. It starts from a description of the historical foundations, which lies in Nineteenth-century liberal legislation, and arrives at a synthetic representation of the regulations currently in force in the unilateral State law and in the Concordat and Treaty legislation. The regulatory evolution, which is still in progress, describes the transition from a uniform and homogeneous concept of minister of religion, inspired by the Catholic priest and placed at the basis of a mostly restrictive legislation, to a more articulate and comprehensive one, reflecting the growing confessional pluralism of Italian society and the assertion of the right to religious freedom. This new approach represents the premise for a legislation that increasingly aims at protecting and promoting the status and the manifold activities of ministers of religion, particularly in the context of the strong enhancement of the Welfare State and of the Third sector. Finally, the article focuses on some problematic issues of the current legislation and on the apparent paradox that, in the face of a more favorable State legislation, nowadays the status of the minister of religion, and in particular that of the Catholic priest - who still represents the main reference for Italy’s legislation - is undergoing a strong identity crisis in the ecclesial order, thus posing a series of problems also for society at large.

SOMMARIO: 1. Osservazioni propedeutiche: la crescente rilevanza di un approccio metodologicamente propenso alla riconversione ambientale e alla solidarietà sociale - 2. Caratteristiche generali idonee a proporre le dottrine buddhiste come case study di precipua significatività - 3. Le tracce di una riflessione culturalmente orientata: l’eredità dei maestri canonici - 4. Gli insegnamenti del Buddha come principi di una taumaturgia giuridica interculturale - 5. L’astensione curativa: una nozione rafforzata di condotte omissive - 6. Un bilancio casistico: materiali di studio sui rapporti tra il buddhismo e le istituzioni statali - 7. Possibile conclusione a partire dallo stato dell’arte: il buddhismo tra dottrina, rito e habitus.

Sustainability and environmental transition: the legal Buddhist contribution

ABSTRACT: We are currently experiencing an increasing attention on the economic sustainability and the environmental issues. This process still merely seems a theoretical declaration because its concrete efforts are appearing weak and fragile. The aim of this essay is to underline the possibility of a better comprehension of those sets of problems by studying the spiritual and legal contribution of Buddhism: a not theistic axiology that implies a renewed approach to ecology and economics, able to determine methodological consequences even in the sphere of public law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: tre domande sulla difficile costruzione di una società pluralista. Dalla Costituente ai fatidici anni ’70 - 2. La fase applicativa delle norme costituzionali in materia di libertà religiosa: fra tentennamenti politici, violazioni della legalità costituzionale e complessità sociale - 3. La “governance” nelle relazioni tra sfera pubblica e fenomeno religioso - 4. Il “cantiere Europa”: le possibilità di una democrazia (in crisi) - 5. Conclusioni.

It ought to be necessary a new Italian governance for religious freedom

ABSTRACT: This work highlights, in a descriptive fashion, some of the critical aspects of the relationships between the State and religious groups in Italy. Concrete legal policy proposals are suggested, within the applicable constitutional framework, taking into account the changed social, cultural and religious context of the country.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La circolare misteriosa - 3. Sulla presunta “forza normativa” di una circolare - 4. Vedere il proprio nome su una tomba: un problema “giuridicamente irrilevante”? - 5. Il sonno della ragione genera mostri.

 About the ‘scarlet letter’: A ‘legally irrelevant’ problem? Some considerations

ABSTRACT: The contribution, stimulated by a rebuttal article, delves into the issue of the unsolicited burial of foetuses; it reconstructs the research work on the Cattin Circular, which founds the moral duty of such burial. The Circular cannot be found at the Ministry of Health itself.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per una transizione ecologica integrale - 2. La varietà dei modelli eco-culturali dei soggetti del pluralismo etico-religioso - 3. Le associazioni animaliste e lo stile di vita vegano - 4. Le comunità smart dell’economia collaborativa sostenibile - 5. Le imprese socialmente responsabili - 6. Le “società benefit” - 7. I domini collettivi e le cooperative di comunità nella gestione dei beni comuni - 8. La tutela dei siti naturali d’interesse culturale - 9. Le organizzazioni agresti di impegno sociale - 10. Il sostegno finanziario delle banche etiche allo sviluppo sostenibile - 11. Conclusione: un ulteriore impegno per l’ecclesiasticista.

Integral ecology and ethical-religious pluralism

ABSTRACT: The contribution intends to attest the interest for the scholar of ecclesiastical law for the phenomenon of ecological transition, in which some confessional bodies, as well as groups, associations and communities of people who are differently oriented from the ethical-cultural point of view, driven by a resilience movement induced by the social and environmental crisis, they are involved in various ways. They, in pursuing what Pope Francis defined, in the encyclical Laudato si', “integral ecology”, combine attention to the protection of creation and the expression of the personality of man, through the implementation of initiatives based on a new development model.

Sommario: 1. La perfezione del creato come epifania di Dio - 2. Lo sguardo laico e quello della Chiesa di fronte al disordine ecologico - 3. La creazione come atto di affidamento all’uomo - 4. Ineludibili implicazioni etico-giuridiche del munus di custodia. Dall’aversio alla conversio: rieducare alla responsabilità solidale - 5. Conclusioni.

 Aversio to Deo: the origin of ecological reflection in the papal magisterium from Leo XIII to Francis

ABSTRACT: This study aims to retrace some fundamental stages of the Social Doctrine of the Church in relation to the emergence of sensitivity on the issues of the environmental question which translates into the magisterium of the Popes, from Leo XIII onwards, with the ecological question understood in a broader sense. The key point is represented by the identification of man's responsibility for his aversion to Deo and the custody mandate that was entrusted to him by the creator. The solution can be found in the recovery of respect for the natural order and solidarity between creatures in the frame of human ecology.