Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

SOMMARIO 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. La definizione dottrinale di “reato culturalmente motivato”, e le sue “sotto-categorie” prasseologiche - 3. La giurisprudenza relativa a reati a elevata offensività - 4. La giurisprudenza relativa a reati a bassa offensività - 5. La sentenza Cass. n. 29613 del 2018. - 6. Verso un test culturale come architrave motivazionale? - 7. Considerazioni finali.

Latest News from Jurisprudence on Culturally Motivated Crimes

ABSTRACT:  The author, after having clarified the notion of culturally motivated crime consolidated in doctrine, analyzes the recent Italian jurisprudence on the topic, representing the general coordinates provided by the Court of Cassation to the interpreter in the presence of this type of crimes.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Tra free speech e free exercise clauses: la libertà di coscienza nella giurisprudenza della Corte suprema (cenni) - 3. Una discriminazione nella discriminazione? Una decisione che non risolve il dilemma - 4. Kicking the can down the road: l’arte di non decidere e le dissenting/concurring opinions del caso Masterpiece Cakeshop - 5. (segue) a) l’opinion del giudice Thomas - 6. (segue) b) uno sguardo sul futuro: due (ipotetici) orientamenti prevalenti - 7. Dal saluto alla bandiera alle torte nuziali: libertà e tolleranza nella società plurale contemporanea.

ABSTRACT: The paper examines the clash between public accommodations laws and freedoms of speech and religion in America at the light of the recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court Masterpiece Cakeshop Ltd., v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission. The case deals with the refusal of a Colorado’s bakery to provide a wedding cake to a gay couple based on the owner's religious beliefs. After explaining the decision of the Court and the position of the U.S. Supreme Court Justices in their dissenting and concurring opinions, the paper addresses the claim of freedom of speech and of the tolerance principle in the pluralistic age.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili come atto di violenza nelle norme e nei documenti europei degli anni 2000 – 3. Escissione e abuso/brutalità/violenza: binomi appropriati e inevitabili? – 4. L’escissione, il dolore e la sua reinterpretazione – 5. Il rapporto dell’escissione con la comunità, la famiglia e il matrimonio – 6. La Convenzione di Istanbul, le norme francesi e i rischi per la libertà religiosa – 7. Considerazioni conclusive.

Female Genital Mutilation as a Gender-Based Crime? (An Analysis of the European Norms in Light of the Concepts of Violence and Religious Freedom)

ABSTRACT: Female genital mutilations (FGM) are ancient practices, which are widespread in several geographical areas, and particularly in Africa. The conflict between customary norms and state legal systems, which arises because FGM violate fundamental rights like the right to physical integrity, health, and non-discrimination based on gender/ethnicity/culture, discloses the dialectic between two normative universes; these universes are conceptually distant with regard to the priority given to the individual and the group. Focusing on the reasons related to female genital cutting (FGC), which consists of the ablation, to differing degrees, of female genital organs, this article, argues that the link that European norms establish between FGM and violence, abuse or brutality comes into conflict with the reasons why migrants perpetuate FGC. Therefore, the way gender is mainstreamed into European norms on FGM can have negative effects, which concern courts’ implementation of these norms and migrants’ social inclusion. Furthermore, this article claims that focusing on health instead of gender equality may prove more effective for the eradication of FGM. Through an analysis of French law, it also suggests that the way the national law is adapted to conform to the Istanbul Convention, may represent a danger to religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa circa il contesto e le motivazioni della lettera al Pontefice - 2. La Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis: punto di arrivo o di inizio di un dibattito? Antecedenti storici e parallelismi da precisare nelle argomentazioni degli estensori - 3. Un bersaglio polemico non sorprendente: l’Esortazione Amoris Laetitia. Questioni pastorali e contrapposizioni tra visioni diverse sul diritto della Chiesa - 4. Lo stylus del Pontificato. Temi giuridici e prospettive future per lo studio dell’ordo iuris ecclesiae: prime conclusioni.

Lights and shadows of a controversial document: the "Correctio filialis de haeresibus propagatis". Some outlines in Public Canon Law. 

ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the current debate about recent Pope Francis’s propositions and affirmations regarding the Roman catholic doctrine and the concrete development of religious marriages in secular societies. One of the most important documents disputing the latest reforms and measures could be considered the so called “Correctio Filialis de Haeresibus Propagatis” that is intended to be a sort of manifesto of dissatisfaction and disappointment against the renewal of a comprehensive and tolerant approach in Canon Law’s rules concerning the status of divorced people and the assumed “irregular” civil unions. In spite of underlining some important aspects, probably not completely deepened by the Pope, that document at the same time undervalues the conceptual efforts to make the doctrine adequate to answer to a typical sense of restlessness in our time, even from a legal point of view.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’Islam tra le mura del carcere: le ragioni di un intervento, gli obiettivi del Protocollo - 2. Uno spiraglio di libertà: la fede in regime di detenzione, le garanzie normative e le risposte alla diversità religiosa - 3. Mediatori o ministri di culto? Un ruolo ‘sospeso’ tra definizioni giuridiche e prassi - 4. Visitate i detenuti: La questione dell’ingresso negli istituti detentivi, criticità applicative e novità del Protocollo - 5. Conclusioni.

Granting Islamic religious ministers admission to prisons, amid long-lasting issues and reformation perspectives. The Agreement between the Prison Administration Department and the Islamic Communities Union.

ABSTRACT: As religious diversity in Italian prisons grows, accommodating prisoners’ religious needs tries legal paradigms and instruments out. In 2015 the Prison Administration Department signed an agreement with UCOII, one of the largest Islamic associations in Italy, in order to grant admission in prisons to intercultural mediators and religious ministers. This article seeks to situate the covenant in the wider context of the Italian legal protection of religious freedom in prison, highlighting three main purposes of the agreement: providing Islamic prisoners with religious assistance, enforcing rehabilitative programs and combating violent radicalization in jail. After two years the experience has shown good evidences. Nonetheless, contended issues still remain unsettled. While evaluating feasible solutions, the article advocates a legislative intervention that could assess criteria and procedures for religious ministers’ access to prisons fulfilling the principle of equality and non-discrimination.

SOMMARIO: 1. Annotazioni preliminari - 2. Complessità sociale e complessità giuridica - 3. Modalità alternative di composizione delle controversie - 4. Dal diritto imposto (Ge-setz) al diritto mediato e/o partecipativo - 5. Complementarità fra sostegno politico dei diritti e mediazione dialogica delle fedi - 6. Le (non facili) condizioni di praticabilità del modello di complementarità/distinzione - 7. L’irriducibilità della sfera religioso-fideistica alla sfera politica - 8. Alcune clausole di salvaguardia per le prospettive avvenire.

Mediation and Religions: the challenge in a complex society

ABSTRACT: Globalization makes social relations increasingly complex, because it favors the introduction and the spread in the same sphere of a plurality of cultures that are often difficult to combine. The proper task of law, that is the one of regulating the cohabitation of people in an equitable manner, is harder in this context, but it can be enhanced with the help of the mediation carried out by religious communities, though the criterion of complementarity/distinction between the order of political conventions and the order of religious convictions is respected.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: il vilipendio quale “reato d’opinione” - 2. L’evoluzione dei delitti contro il sentimento religioso - 3. (segue): la riforma del 2006 - 4. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 188 del 1975 - 5. L’esercizio del diritto di libera manifestazione del pensiero quale causa di giustificazione (art. 51 c.p.) - 6. Le più recenti applicazioni della giurisprudenza di legittimità - 7. Chiusa.

Are the crimes against religious sentiment compatible with the exercise of freedom of expression?

ABSTRACT: The crimes against religious sentiment, provided by the Italian Criminal Code, are mainly framed as “crimes of opinion”. Therefore, it should be ascertained whether and how those crimes are compatible with the exercise of freedom of expression, guaranteed as a fundamental right by Art. 21 of the Italian Constitution. The paper provides an overview of the jurisprudence – of ordinary courts and the Constitutional Court – and of the legislative evolution since 1930s about the crimes against religious sentiment.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Disegno costituzionale e rigidità politico-normative: quale strada per una equilibrata disciplina del fenomeno religioso? - 3. Conclusioni.

Equality in diversity. Religious identities and constitutional democracy

ABSTRACT: The entry into force of the new system after the fall of fascism did not constitute the resolutive element to mark a decisive turning point in the Italian ecclesiastical politics, with the implementation of a system of reforms in religious matters consistent with the innovative will of the institutional change that occurred in the Country. The consequence is that, seventy years after the adoption of the Republican Constitutional Charter, many normative provisions still conform to the inspiring principles of the fascist system, and there are many impediments to the concrete realization of the principles of freedom and democracy, with serious damage for the enjoyment of constitutional guarantees by spiritual minorities. With the approval of a general legislation on religious interests, the equal enjoyment of the fundamental rights could be achieved, both for individuals and for groups, within a framework of definitive overcoming of the fascist penalizing legislation and of fixation of the regulatory law criteria of the various treatments to protect spiritual specificities.

SOMMARIO: 1. 1. Nuovi orizzonti - 2. Un caso positivo di secolarizzazione - 3. Codice del Terzo settore e iniziative caritative della comunità ecclesiale - 4. Opportunità aperte da un’alternativa - 5. L’azione caritativa tra diritto speciale e diritto comune.

ABSTRACT: Except for the matter of the clergy sustenance, the current discipline of the Concordat on ecclesiastical institutions is still affected, in spite of everything, by the conditioning deriving from juridical schemes dating back in time, which sacrifice and make precarious their solidarity activities. The fall of the diffidence of the Italian legal system towards the initiatives between the State and the Market, and therefore the recent reform of the Third sector with the enhancement of the non-profit organization’s activities, represent a precious opportunity for the charitable initiatives of the ecclesial communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. “A tradition under threat”. Antropologia della paura e tendenze esclusiviste delle comunità dominanti - 2. La tradizione filosofica del pensiero costituzionale: Williams, Madison e i princìpi cardine della tradizione di “religious fairnes” - 3. Forme di Benign Establishment: critica alla tesi della “presunta innocuità” e interpretazione autentica del principio di separazione - 4. Neutralità statale e speciale considerazione del fenomeno religioso: un rapporto problematico.

Liberty of conscience and liberty of religion on the challenge of the post-modernity: the Martha C. Nussbaum's philosophical jurisprudence

ABSTRACT: Nussbaum is one of the prominent defenders of the North American liberal tradition, threatened by the post-modern tendency to the exaltation of elements from the mainstream religion and the creation of in-groups between citizens. In his writings, the philosopher reproposes the value of liberal tradition by trying to show the impossibility to justify even the most venial forms of the benign establishment, as in the case of state-sponsored-religious-displays. The article focuses on Nussbaum'arguments, in a critical perspective.