Contenuti per la categoria: Processo matrimoniale canonico

Riflessioni sul “giusto processo” in diritto canonico, sullo sfondo del riequilibrio in corso fra diritti e poteri nella Chiesa cattolica *

Reflections on due process in canon law, against the background of the ongoing rebalancing of rights and powers in the Catholic Church *

SOMMARIO: 1. Tra ‘agàpe’ e storia. Una premessa neotestamentaria - 2. (segue) Potere giudiziario e sovranità binaria. Il diritto divino dei vescovi - 3. “Heri dicebamus”? Sul tentativo curiale di ridurre il Vaticano II a mero evento culturale - 4. Origini e sviluppo dell’opposizione anticonciliare: il terreno del processo - 5. La prima controriforma vaticana: la “Nova agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine” - 6. Resilienze (non sopprimibili) di una costituzione materiale parallela? - 7. Persistenze storico-culturali di fatti compiuti prevaricanti e diritto di resistenza - 8. (segue): a) Su un “golpe Gasparri” in danno di due diversi progetti di giustizia amministrativa - 9. b) … e sulla “falsa” giustizia amministrativa del card. Grocholewski (e suoi) - 10. c) Lo sconcerto della scoperta nel clero di pratiche corruttive su minori - 11. (segue) … e l’abnorme deriva inquisitoria dei processi de delictis gravioribus - 12. Sulla voluta inattuazione dei tribunali amministrativi interdiocesani - 13. Sulle odierne, inedite sperimentazioni in tema di contenzioso matrimoniale - 14. Tra rescritti di giustizia e giurisdizione inter partes: un sottaciuto tema fondamentale - 15. Dalla frammentazione (relitto amaro di incertezze strategiche) a un ritorno al Lateranense IV?

ABSTRACT: The essay notes a continuity, starting with the Tridentine, in the deviation from the fundamental principles of what we today call 'due process', imposed by Innocent III since the Council Lateran IV. The progressive spread of special jurisdictions seemed to express the degradation of certain principles and values of medieval common law, from which canon law was gradually moving away. The 1917 code is to be seen as the final sanction and ratification of that involutional process. The author then examines the 1983 reform, which moved between reforming timidity and curial overbearingness: the special jurisdictions were untouchable; the planned chapter on administrative tribunals was deleted in extremis. The impression is that no serious follow-up has been given to the reforms ordered by Paul VI in fulfilment of the Council mandate, starting with the Doctrinal Dicastery. In fact, the centralist innovation as codified in 1917 substantially persists. It is to this petrified block, rebuilt under the two pontificates following Pope Montini, that Pope Francis I attempts to react with innovative ideas that however appear technically imprecise, and in many ways inadequate to the actual dimensions of the Holy See's overall non-fulfilment of the conciliar mandate. Against the backdrop of these perhaps promising innovative signs, Pope Francis appears on the other hand invariably opposed by the Curia, both in the field of substantive and procedural law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il contributo in generale dell’Avvocato al processo matrimoniale - 3. Il ruolo dell’Avvocato nella fase pregiudiziale - 4. Il libello quale cardine del Processus brevior - 5. Il ridimensionamento del ruolo del DV nel Processus brevior - 6. La centralità del ruolo dell’Avvocato quale conseguenza anche del ridimensionamento delle attribuzioni del Tribunale - 7. Conclusioni.

 The Attorney’s contribution for the purposes of Processus brevior

ABSTRACT: This paper concerns the centrality of the attorney in the Processus brevior. Because the Processus brevior’s particular structure compresses the ordinary canonical resources granted by the Legislator to the subjects involved in a matrimonial trial, the attorney becomes its principal director. In particular, the Libellus in a Processus brevior is not a canvas as in the ordinary process but becomes a script binding all parties intending to go ahead with this special canonical instrument until the desired sentence declaring the nullity of marriage.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La progressiva semplificazione normativa del passaggio alla via amministrativa - 3. La clausola “de consensu partium” del can. 1681 - 4. Interrelazioni tra processo di nullità e procedimento di scioglimento - 5. L’interpretazione del nuovo can. 1678, § 4 - 6. La decisione del tribunale in caso di disaccordo tra le parti circa il passaggio alla via amministrativa - 7. Una proposta de iure condendo.

The transition from the marriage nullity case to dissolution of non-consummated marriage procedure according to can. 1678, § 4 *

ABSTRACT: The Motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus has simplified the transition from a marriage nullity case in progress to that of dissolution of non-consummated procedure: it is no more required that the parties consent to but that they be heard. After a brief historical excursus on the subject, starting from the Pius-Benedictine Code, the study aims, first, at understanding the underlying rationale of the new provision of canon 1678 § 4, and then at exploring the concrete ways in which it is to be applied, especially in the event of disagreement between the parties on the transition. Finally, on the basis of the praxis of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, de iure condendo a proposal is made.

SUMMARY: 1. The Church and the technological revolution - 2. Digital family and "liquid" relationships - 2.1 Internet and social networks: "knowledge" of young couples and marriage celebration - 3. Internet, new technologies and "digital" evidence in the process for matrimonial nullity - 4. Has the time come for the remote canonical process? - 5. Conclusions.

ABSTRACT: The article proposes to deepen the role of digital technologies' effects on religious culture and on canonical substantive and procedural matrimonial law. The family is confronted with the digital revolution and the cyberfamily represents a demanding challenge also for the Catholic Church, which has always been committed to fostering solid relationships that unfold along existential projects that allow the opening to generativity and oblativity. Starting from the profiles related to its genesis, passing through the celebration and up to the couple's crisis and the judicial intervention, the family - and the law - has to deal with the new technologies and with the "network". The article explores the relationship between marriage nullity and digital technology with regard to the evidence system of the canonical process and presents a proposal for a "protocol", also considering some experiences emerged in the pandemic period, for the remote execution of the sessions of a canonical process of marriage nullity.

SOMMARIO. 1. Preambolo: perseverare diabolicum? - 2. (segue) I tribunali regionali nella attuazione del regime concordatario, in Italia - 3. Ancora in tema di competenza matrimoniale dell’ordinario diocesano. Intermezzo - 4. Corollari di principio in tema di giurisdizione penale e/o amministrativa - 5. Problematicità di una transizione contraddittoria, a ogni livello - 6. (segue) Dalla frammentazione feudale all’armonia di un moderno ordinamento giudiziario.

Regarding peace of war to the italian ecclesiastical courts. Which is the methodical reform background of pope Francis?

ABSTRACT: The accentuated tendency of the part of the Vatican (MP Mitis judex) to express a preference for the pastoral attributions of the diocesan bishop in terms of judgment of nullity of canonical marriage, in competition with those of the interdiocesan ecclesiastical tribunals created for the implementation of the concordat regime in Italy (MP Qua cura), could propose in this matter, after the Gospodinoff case (Constitutional Court, dec. N. 1/77) and the Pellegrini case (European Court of Human Rights, sentence 20 July 2001), the risk of a further vulnus to the principles of due process, on the other hand recently renforced in the Italian constitutional order. In dwelling on this inconvenience, the Author observes that the Catholic Church expresses with this, once again, its serious cultural and political delay in relation to the modern systems with which interacts ; and wonders why the Holy See has not decided by now to abandon the institutes and doctrines of ecclesiastical public law with which, starting from the 16th-17th centuries, with intransigence worthy of the better cause is has too often continued to feed the claim to keep on regulate relations with the political authorities on the models , now obsolete and perishable, of the Christian regime. The Author takes the opportunity to indicate how, conversely, the model of the interdiocesan tribunals, even if imperfect, can and should be generalized, in order to begin to solve the set of problems that the lack of modernization of the canonical system proposes, on the subject of the judicial system, in comparison with the level of refinement reached by legislative policy and the science of law (at the state and interstate level), in terms of protection of human rights, in the field of administrative and criminal procedural law.

1 - Recentemente, prendendo spunto dalla mia ultima monografia in cui enumero ed esamino criticamente una significativa ‘campionatura’ tra i copiosissimi provvedimenti normativi di papa Francesco, è insorto - sulle pagine di una rinomata rivista - un garbato e acuto confronto dialettico tra due colleghi in ordine al tema se il romano pontefice regnante sia un legislatore ‘paziente’ o piuttosto alquanto ‘impaziente’. Proprio sulla base dei dati oggettivi relativi specie alla produzione legislativa e alle ‘modalità’ con cui sono concretamente perseguiti gli ‘intenti riformatori del pontificato’ descritti nella mia rassegna (corredata, d’altronde, della citazione di numerose e puntuali analisi dottrinali), si è sostenuto, infatti, come sia assai arduo perorare che l’immagine restituitaci del legislatore supremo risulti quella di “un saggio cunctator (temporeggiatore)”, artefice “del metodo del discernimento e della gradualità”, secondo quanto, con la consueta perspicuità, argomenta Salvatore Berlingò. (segue)

Still on the patient or impatient legislator

ABSTRACT: A brief comment on the recent Motu Proprio that was promulgated by Pope Francis - with which a Commission is established in order to verify the application in Italy of the reform of the canonical process regarding the nullity of marriage - offers the opportunity to express an opinion in the debate that has arisen between two illustrious colleagues about the figure of the reigning Roman Pontiff as supreme legislator.

1 - Papa Francesco interviene ancora una volta sull'attuazione della riforma dei processi matrimoniali disposta con il motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, a quasi sei anni dalla sua entrata in vigore. E lo fa, ancora una volta, con modalità inusuali e imprevedibili, tali da suscitare sorpresa e sconcerto nei più diretti destinatari di tale intervento. Ci troviamo infatti di fronte a un motu proprio, emanato il 17 novembre 2021, che istituisce una “Commissione Pontificia di verifica e applicazione del m. p. Mitis Iudex nelle Chiese d'Italia” (segue).

No peace for the Italian regional ecclesiastical courts

ABSTRACT: Some critical remarks about a recent Pope Francesco’s motu proprio are presented, in which he calls for a more complete implementation of the reform of the matrimonial process which he has ordered with the appointment of a special pontifical commission to verify the application of the new provisions in the Italian Churches.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Introduzione - 3. Il processo ordinario di appello nel M.P. Mitis Iudex - 4. L’appello nel processo abbreviato - 5. I limiti della prova in fase di appello.

ABSTRACT: The article is the resumé of a speech originally delivered to the members of the Arcisodalizio della Curia Romana. It examines the canonical discipline in matrimonial case as it is contained in m.p. Mitis Iudex, by pope Francis, with whom the Pontiff has reformed the discipline of the canonical process in matrimonial cases. The author explaines the new discipline, compares it with the old one replaced, and discuss the points that seem to be problematic, proposing possible solutions in the light of the Roman Rota Jurisprudence of recent times.

SUMARIO: - 1. Cuestión metodógica previa - 2. La crisis de los modelos tradicionales de comunidades religiosas a causa de los cambios en un mercado religioso cada vez más plural y competitivo - 3. La crisis de la edulcorada y estereotipada historia oficial de EUA y del americanismo como religión cívica - 4. El desarrollo de la religión cívica estadounidense y el papel político del evangelismo en ese proceso - 5. La evolución del evangelismo estadounidense y su influencia en los poderes Legislativo y Ejecutivo - 6. El papel del sionismo neo-evangelista en la política estadounidense - 7. Los lobbies religiosos indirectos en Estados Unidos y su papel en la política estadounidense mediante los religious advocacy groups y el National Prayer Breakfast - 8. Las contradicciones en los estándares elaborados por el USSC para una separación institucional Iglesia-Estado - 9. Conclusiones - Bibliografía.

Crisis of the Institutional Separation between Church and State in USA and the Emergence of Conservative Neo-evangelism in the Political Sphere

 ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the cumulative causes of the progressive decay in the institutional and jurisprudential separation between Church and State in the United States from an interdisciplinary methodological approach, including sociological, economic, historical, and political elements interacting with the American legal system. It reviews the changes in the American civic religion, the plural religious denominationalism facilitating a new religious market, the increasing entanglement between religion and politics, and the role of neo-evangelicalism in the elections and the US policies at domestic and international levels. It includes some changes in the US Supreme Court that facilitates increasing paradoxes in the First Amendment jurisprudence regarding the Free Exercise and Non-Establishment clauses.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il rilievo “esemplare” (ma contenuto) di un istituto nuovo e peculiare - 2. Un bilancio ancora parziale e limitato - 3. Uno sguardo generale sulla situazione mondiale: motivi di soddisfazione - 4. Un uso ragionevole del rito breviore - 5. La “non scontata” soluzione del giudizio episcopale - 6. La “relativa” controtendenza statunitense - 7. La focalizzazione su alcune situazioni particolari: motivi di preoccupazione - 8. Un’adozione territorialmente molto sbilanciata - 9. La renitenza di alcuni episcopati - 10. L’anomalia sudamericana e africana - 11. L’impressione di un’applicazione troppo diversificata e disomogenea - 12. Il riscontro estensivo o applicativo - 13. Il riscontro intensivo o procedimentale - 14. Trend e prospettive di sviluppo.

The Course of the Statistical Data regarding the ‘Processus Matrimonialis Brevior coram Episcopo’: Motives for Contentment and Some Preoccupations

ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the course of the statistical data on the abbreviated matrimonial process before the bishop. Although the data is still uncertain and limited (since it covers the period 2016-2019 and only certain targeted statistical points), it is possible to generally acknowledge that the practice is fairly restrained and reasonable. Regardless of the fact that the appeals were very rare, the admission to the processus brevior does not seem to denote a definitive institutional solution (the emergence of a number of cases in which the matter was referred to the ordinary method). Even in the United States, a representative country regarding the ecclesiastic judicial activity and problems with regard to said activity, the number of the briefer processes seems to be fairly moderate. Since the briefer process represents a special type of process, the cautious and thought-out reception of this institute points to a certain maturity of the system. The data show some reserves regarding the adoption of this institute in some territories, as well as the resistance of certain bishops, together with certain anomalies in its development in South America and Africa. The impression upon analyzing the data is that the enforcement of the institute is still too diversified and that it lacks homogeneity, either in its territorial extension or with regard to the intensity of the enforcement of the institute. The author then perceives the need for a greater extent of directive interventions and authoritative instructions, while he outlines certain trends and prospects for development.