Contenuti per la categoria: Ordine (distinzione degli ordini)

SOMMARIO: 1. Il problema del conflitto di interessi nel diritto ecclesiastico dell’Italia repubblicana. - 2. Conflitto di interessi e finanziamento pubblico delle religioni. - 3. L’ombra del conflitto di interessi che accompagna nel suo cammino l’«invenzione» dell’otto per mille. - 4. Note di discussione.

Contradictions and unclarities of “otto per mille”: between public interest in an open pluralism and individual interests in the rigidity of the religious market

ABSTRACT: Religion, like politics and economics, risks fueling various forms of conflict of interest in the State. The constitutional choice to affirm a pluralist (or open) laicità aims precisely at avoiding and contrasting potential conflicts of interest caused by religious influences. The contradictions and the unclarities detected by several voices about the "otto per mille" economic support system could be read as indicators that Italy failed to implement a management of the public interest which should guarantee the exclusion of favoritism towards individual interests. The original fault of "otto per mille" system lies in the negotiated nature of the legislation that provides for it; the choice of a bilateral source makes clear the will of the State to operate, for purposes of its political consolidation, a substantial connection with the specific interests of some religious denominations in the acquisition and preservation of advantageous positions. It is therefore hoped an unilateral work of reform by the State, in particular the repeal of the fascist legislation about admitted cults and the promulgation of a general law on religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. La morte di Piero Calamandrei (27 settembre 1956) e il suo funerale - 2. L’oggetto del giudizio della Corte costituzionale. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale del n. 1 del 23 aprile 1956 - 3. 7 aprile 1957 : la relazione di Paolo Barile nel convegno degli Amici del Mondo su Stato e Chiesa in Italia al teatro Eliseo di Roma - 4. Le sentenze della Corte costituzionale nn. 30, 31 e 32 del 1971: il parametro della tutela dei principi supremi dell’ordinamento costituzionale italiano. Il principio costituzionale di eguaglianza non è un principio supremo dell’ordinamento costituzionale? - 5. Il convegno di Siena dal 30 novembre al 2 dicembre 1972. Due mondi diversi? - 6. La sentenza n. 195 del 1972 sul caso Cordero. Professori delle università cattoliche senza garanzie di rispetto della loro libertà di insegnamento? - 7. La sentenza n. 18 del 1982: un giudice e un giudizio pur sempre ci sono (?) - 8. La sentenza n. 203 del 1989. Insegnamenti diversi per bambini e ragazzi “credenti” cattolici e “non credenti”? - 9. Fu vera gloria? No, essa fu accolta in una parte del mondo della scuola con la dolorosa sensazione che si prova quando si è vittima di un inganno.

Cunning and ambiguity in constitutional jurisprudence on religious matters

ABSTRACT: A journey to Florence for the funeral of Piero Calamandrei (September 27, 1956). A project for a secular and democratic Italy: dreams, hopes, illusions and disappointments. Religion jurisprudence in the decisions of the Constitutional Court no. 1 of 1956, 30, 31 and 32 of 1971, 195 of 1972, 18 of 182, 203 of 1989. The judicial remedy in school matters and the academic disappointment for a constitutional decision that introduced the supreme principle of secularism but at the same time confirmed as compliant to the Constitution the coexistence, in public schools, of separate classes for believers (in the catholic religion) and nonbelievers.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. El significado esencial de las cláusulas religiosas de la Primera enmienda de la Constitución federal - 3. El argumento de la tradición histórica en la interpretación judicial de la Establishment Clause - 4. La tradición histórica como excepción a la aplicabilidad de los normales parámetros jurídicos de validez en materia de aconfesionalidad.

The Supreme Court of the United States and the use or historical tradition in Establishment Clause jurisprudence

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the study of the use of history and tradition that has been made by the Supreme Court of the United States when deciding certain cases concerning the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause. It explores the way in which, when confronted with certain practices that are in appearance clearly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause, sometimes the Supreme Court has simply ignored the different tests commonly settled for constitutional adjudication in this particular field such as the Lemon test, and has relied on historical tradition as the governing principle for that purpose. This circumstance leading to the setting of a controversial carve-out in Establishment Clause adjudication that might be better explained as a result of politics and political and social pressures rather than as a product of principled constitutional interpretation.

SOMMARIO : 1. Liminaire - 2. Les transformations du droit de liberté religieuse - 3. Transformations européennes, circulation de modelés et “universalisme modeste” - 4 Pour une “saine osmose” entre sphère séculière étatique et sphère religieuse.

For a shared political agora around the Mediterranean

ABSTRACT: The right to religious freedom is in profound transformation on both sides of the Mediterranean. While the Muslim presence shows European difficulties in the treatment of the collective dimensions of this right, the southern shore is confronted with the demands connected to the individualization of beliefs. On both sides, the challenge of freedom of conscience and religion and of the construction of pluralist constitutional democracies proposes ancient questions in renewed terms, soliciting a new rediscovery of the answers given by the universalistic constitutionalism of the second post-war period.

SOMMARIO: 1. Coordinate definitorie - 1.1. Aspetti metodologici - 1.2. Aspetti terminologici: pressioni, interferenze, ingerenze - 1.3. Direzione e verso - 2. Elementi generali e strutturali - 2.1. Chiesa: missione universale, laicità e sovranità - 2.2. Le divisioni (anche mediatiche) del Papa (e della CEI) - 3. Rassegna di casi - 3.1. Immigrazione - 3.2. Unioni civili - 3.3. Le elezioni politiche del 2018 e il governo Conte - 3.4. Ambientalismo - 3.5. Le elezioni europee del 2019 e l’europeismo - 4. Declinazioni giuridiche nell’analisi dell’art. 7, primo comma, Cost. - 5. Considerazioni conclusive.

Independent and sovereign: considerations about art. 7, I of the Italian Constitution from the point of view of Catholic Church thrusts on Italian Republic

ABSTRACT: The article deals with the separation of Church and State in the frame of the Italian Constitution. It compasses various examples from the last years, and in particular during the pontificate of pope Francis, where the Catholic Church expressed strong opinions about any issue above the Parliament or the Government or tried to influence public opinion in Italy. It discusses how these episodes influence the relationships between State and Church.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il congresso israelitico di Ferrara (1863) - 3. Il disegno di legge Vacca del 1865 - 4. Il congresso israelitico di Firenze (1867) - 5. Conclusioni.

The legal framework of the italian Jewish communities in the first decade of Italy’s unification

ABSTRACT: The essay deals with the unification of the normative structures of the Italian Jewish communities after the Unity, by reconstructing the extensive debate that took place in the Jewish context. It then analyzes the legislative proposal of extending Rattazzi's law of 1857 to the entire national territory, which was presented by the Italian government to the Parliament in 1865. Finally, it gives an account, through a vast and largely unpublished archival documentation, both of the choice of individual communities to maintain the legal systems in force in the pre-unitary italian States, and of the attempts, advanced in the parliamentary center between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, of abrogation of the Rattazzi's law, considered, due to its jurisdictional traits, in contrast to the principles of the liberal State.

SOMMARIO: 1. Laicità necessaria - 2. Il Cristianesimo: una fede scandalosa - 3. La maggiore età del mondo - 4. Ritrovare Dio da adulti - 5. Provvisorietà dell’etica cristiana - 6. Führer e Verführer: lo scambio delle vesti e la fragilità del male.

Secularism as requirement of reason: the actuality of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

ABSTRACT: Dietrich Bonhoeffer is a very significant figure of the Protestant theology. Having experienced the most dramatic period of the German history he is well remembered as “resistant” to the National Socialism, but he deserves also to be reconsidered because of his defense, as believer, of the value of “secularism”, necessary to safeguard an authentic profession of faith.

SOMMARIO: 1. Autonomia delle organizzazioni religiose e diritti dei singoli: il problema ‘classico’ del contemperamento - 2. Il problema del contemperamento dinanzi alla Corte di giustizia. I casi Vera Egenberger e JQ: stessa narrativa per due gemelli (in parte) diversi? - 3. Il profilo sostanziale delle decisioni: le dimensioni della libertà religiosa e il principio di non discriminazione - 4. Il profilo ordinamentale: Carta dei diritti e principi generali del diritto dell’Unione europea nel rapporto fra sistemi.

Collective religious freedom and principle of non-discrimination in the ‘constitutional’ system of the European Union

ABSTRACT: In the two recently handed down Judgments in the cases Vera Egenberger and JQ, the Court of Justice of the European Union for the first time interpreted Article 4, par. 2 of the Anti-discrimination Framework Directive (Directive 2000/78/EC) admitting a ‘religious exemption’ in favour of Churches and other religious organisation, and ruled on the horizontal application of the right not to be discriminated against in situations coming within the scope of EU law. The paper explores the substantive implications of those Judgments for the collective religious freedom and their contribution in clarifying the horizontal direct effect of the fundamental rights and principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

SOMMARIO: I. Premessa. - 2, 3, 4, 5. Concorrenza del diritto dello Stato e della Chiesa a qualificare i medesimi comportamenti: possibili conflitti. - 6, 7, 8, 9. Valutazione canonistica del problema. Illiceità del matrimonio civile fra cattolici. Questione dei limiti concordatari ai poteri punitivi dei superiori ecclesiastici in Italia. Valutazione della questione sotto il profilo dell’opportunità canonica. - 10, 11, 12, 13. Sua valutazione statualistica. Posizione del diritto della Chiesa rispetto a quello dello Stato. Natura del rapporto fra fedele e superiore ecclesiastico pel nostro ordinamento. Conseguenze. - 14, 15, 16, 17. Delimitazione del jus libertatis Ecclesiae. Limiti funzionali. - 18. Limiti obiettivi. - 19. Conclusione.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. Specificità dell’ente ecclesiastico e diritto comune - 2. Lo scopo di religione o di culto. Finalità canoniche e finalità “pattuite”: antinomie e analogie - 3. Attività di interesse generale” di cui all’art. 5 d.lgs. n. 117 del 2017, missione caritativa e sociale della Chiesa e regolamentazione delle attività “diverse” da quelle di culto e religione - 4. Gli enti religiosi civilmente riconosciuti e la novella disciplina sugli enti del Terzo settore e dell’Impresa sociale: adempimenti canonici (regolamento, licenza scritta dell’ordinario e creazione di un patrimonio destinato) - 5. L’identificazione dei beni dell’ente canonico funzionali all’esercizio dell’attività di Terzo settore o di Impresa sociale: il bilancio separato. Conclusioni.

Canonistic Reflections of the Reform of the Third Sector

ABSTRACT: Third sector reform started with the delegation law n. 106 of 6 June 2016 undoubtedly involves canon law in its form and substance. The new legislation on the Third sector allows in a certain sense to "recover" many of the typically canonical activities of the religious entity within its "civil" structure in a way more coherent with the religious and canonical nature of the institution itself with respect to the law 222 of 1985. If we look at the activities that Legislative Decree 117 of 2017 calls (Article 5) "Activities of general interest", we highlight how many of them are specific and characterizing religious bodies of the Catholic tradition. The Author in particular highlights how the civilly recognized religious bodies, if they want to regulate some of their activities according to the new discipline on Third sector bodies and the Social enterprise, must undergo some canonical obligations (drafting of a regulation, written license of the Ordinary and creation of destined assets).