Contenuti per la categoria: Libertà di coscienza e di religione, individuale e collettiva

SOMMARIO: 1. La “Carta dei valori”: origine - 2. Caratteristiche e struttura - 3. Natura giuridica - 4. Dimensione costituzionale della “Carta dei valori”?

SOMMARIO: 1. La preminenza della dignità sulla libertà - 2. La dignità di chi non conta niente: i migranti - 3. Ci può essere libertà senza dignità? - 4. La luterana libertà del cristiano e la sua secolarizzazione - 5. Un’Europa infedele alla sua ispirazione - 6. Analogia dei conflitti politici odierni con quelli religiosi passati - 7. I migranti, banco di prova per l’Europa e per le Chiese - 8. L’attuale condizione dei migranti - 9. La libertà dignitosa come fonte dell’unità politica europea.

SOMMARIO: 1. Cittadinanza e identità religiosa - 2. Cittadinanza e pluralismo religioso - 3. “Cittadinanza integrativa” e libertà religiosa - 4. La Risoluzione 2076 (2015) e la Raccomandazione 2080 (2015).

Religious Freedom and Integrative Citizenship. Some Notes on 'Living Together' in a Plural Society

ABSTRACT: Circumcision concerns the religious identity of Jews and Muslims. In addition to these circumcisions which can be defined as "confessional-religious" there are also those related to local customs. These types deserve renewed attention after Resolution 1952 (2013) and Recommendation 2023 (2013) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, both concerning "the right of children to physical integrity", and subsequent resolutions 2076 (2015) and Recommendation 2080 (2015) devoted to "(R) Religion and Living together in a Democratic Society". Citizenship is, in fact, the much broader horizon to be found behind circumcision. While the first two documents tend to consider non-therapeutic circumcision as a possible assault to the physical integrity of children without, therefore, focusing on the profiles inherent the right to religious freedom and the possible inclusive value of its "recognition" for the purposes of universal citizenship, the latter two, focusing on the freedom of 'living together' according to the practices of each religion, seem to be more aware of the need to move towards the realization of a European, inclusive and plural citizenship. However, the category of 'living together', evanescent and ambiguous for its correlation with the principle of majority (as is evident from the most recent case law of the ECHR), requires a new approach that gives it greater objectivity. Concepts such as those of pluralism and plural citizenship, in which civic belonging and religious affiliation can live together, help to go in that direction, renewing, in the end, the membership of a Europe of peoples and not just of economies.

SOMMARIO: 1. Libertà religiosa e protezione internazionale: note introduttive e di metodo - 2. La nozione di religione perseguitata - 3. I contenuti di tutela della libertà religiosa dei perseguitati - 4. Le condizioni di riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato religioso - 5. La procedura di valutazione delle domande - 6. Conclusioni.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Diritto e religione in Marocco: la libertà religiosa nella Costituzione del 2011 - 3. L’apostasia nel diritto islamico: cenni - 4. Il codice penale marocchino e la fatwā del 2013 - 5. Il Consiglio Superiore degli Ulema: prerogative e valenza dei suoi interventi - 6. “La via degli Ulema” (Sabīl al-‘ulamā’) e la rinnovata interpretazione sull’apostasia - 7. Il Marocco e la “via di Marrakech”: un segnale per il futuro?

Freedom of Religion and Freedom from Religion in Morocco: The Interpretative Revision on Apostasy

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes a recent step taken by the Kingdom’s Ulama that distances from the traditional meaning of apostasy and of the penalty given for this offense. According to this document, Murtadd would not be the one who leaves Islam for another religion, but the one who betrays the group he belongs to. Apostasy was therefore political, not doctrinal. In this sense, the document represents an essential progress for the qualification of religious freedom in Morocco (on the same way already indicated by the Marrakesh Declaration).

SOMMARIO: 1. Terrorismo e fenomeno religioso - 2. Politiche della sicurezza e diritti fondamentali - 3. La legislazione italiana contro il terrorismo nell’interpretazione giurisprudenziale - 4. Misure di prevenzione. Ampliamento delle categorie di pericolosità qualificata e prescrizioni atipiche - 5. Misure di prevenzione e libertà religiosa - 6. Best practice. Il provvedimento del Tribunale di Bari, Misure di Prevenzione, n. 71 del 2017 - 7. Il percorso di de-radicalizzazione.

Religious prevention and de-radicalization measures to the test of secularity (at the margin of some of the Court’s measures of Bari).

ABSTRACT: The article examines how the terrorist emergence of Islamic matrix has reproached the issue of reconciliation between the need for security and the protection of the rights of liberty, in particular religious freedom. It highlights the need to accompany, to purely punitive nature rules, the spread of a novel paradigm, covering preventive interventions, educational and formative, in order to promote intercultural and inter-religious integration. The decree of the court, which, in accordance with the principle of secularism, has prescribed, in view of the social recovery of the subject proposed for the application of the prevention measure, a process of de-radicalization, through the involvement of an intercultural mediator, on the basis of Guide-lines developed by the University of Bari.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Valori e principi: une necessaria distinzione - 3. La “supremazia” del metodo laico. Il problema del valore - 4. La laicità come mezzo e come fine: alcune considerazioni - 5. Dalla laicità dello Stato alla laicità per lo Stato - Segue: il caso dell’obiezione di coscienza nell’IVG. Le assolutezze dei fini alla prova dell’indipendenza etica - 6. Il valore della laicità come principio per la libertà.

From the secular State to secularism for the State. The lay paradigm between principle and value.

ABSTRACT: In the essay, the concept of secularity is examined both as a legal paradigm and as a value. The identified legal and philosophical perspectives represent potential reading keys that can guide the interpretative and implementing paradigm of laicity in a more coherent way with its historical-value reason.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Dalla tolleranza alla possibilità di “riconoscere nel cuore un Dio incorporeo e altissimo” - 3. La libertà religiosa aconfessionale nella definizione della sovranità assoluta - 4. La potestà aconfessionale della sovranità statale e il separatismo - 5. Dalla ragion di Stato della “suprema potestà statale” alla libertà religiosa nell’esercizio della giurisdizione - 6. Conclusione.

Jean Bodin from Tolerance to Religious Freedom

ABSTRACT: Absolutism, in France, rises also in order to resolve religious conflicts, affirming the national community and the interests of the State. This is an evaluation that leads to thinking, above all, about J. Bodin and Les le livres de la Republique and to “read” the relationship between "tolerance" and "religious liberty". Bodin indicates the limits of religious tolerance - that is based on the dogma of the exclusive confessional salvation - that reveals to religious freedom in the theorization of the absolute State. The freedom to manifest own religious conviction does not undergo to any presumption of exclusive salvation because it intends to proclaim publicly, but also privately, what the individual perceives in consciousness. A dimension of secularism really particular, that reveals the difficult political condition of the wars of religion. The coexistence of the only God, which divine laws sanction in the definition of sovereignty, suggests an overcoming of the confessionism. The civil legal significance of religious confessions lives the confessional dimension of interreligious dialogue for an understanding of the "incorporeal and supreme" God of the "Colloquium Heptaplomeres".

SOMMARIO: 1. I gruppi etico-deontologici e il diritto della polis democratica alla luce dei recenti cambiamenti sociali vissuti dalle identità collettive - 2. I codici di autoregolamentazione nel settore del lavoro - 3. Il mercato tra codificazione etica ed eteroregolamentazione - 4. Le recenti opportunità di lavoro socialmente utile offerte dalle tecnologie social alle smart communities - 5. La nuova sensibilità deontologica nel mondo finanziario: le banche etiche e la finanza islamica - 6. La rilevanza nell’ordine della polis dei vari tipi di norme contenute nei codici deontologici: attualità e prospettive inter- e/o trans-culturali.

Codes of ethics and Deontology in the fields of Labor, Market and Finance. Freedom of Conscience and the Transition from Oeconomicus Corporatism to Democratic Intercultural Cooperation

ABSTRACT: The paper analyzes the recent relevance of deontological codes, from which a process of enriching the concept of deontology seems to emerge. This is increasingly understood not only in a corporatist way as an ethics of conduct within the category of reference, but also in a democratic way as the ethics of service made to the polis by professional communities, which now, in the overall world of work, appear ethically inspired in the most varied ways. Following the development that freedom of conscience has experienced in its various forms of collective exercise, we are positively experiencing new patterns of work organization where deontology represents a synthesis between moral and law. Similarly, to churches, even some professional communities have useful, non-utilitarian relationships, and open to democratic intercultural cooperation, with their multiform and typical ways of working in the service of the human person, elected to lifestyles or spiritual missions. In order to encourage and extend this phenomenon of greater ethical accountability of free professions, some legal channels will be analyzed to better harmonize the use of those new deontological standards with legal rules in order to ensure balance and order at a general level, and to avoid the social dissociation in neo-corporatist groups.

SOMMARIO: 1. Discorsi odiosi - 2. La repressione giuridica delle idee odiose: vecchie difese, nuovi difesi - 3. Le ragioni del contrasto giuridico ai discorsi d’odio - 4. Due direttrici nella giustificazione della repressione giuridica del discorso d’odio.

Forbidden hate: the legal repression of hate speech

ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is two-folded. First, it offers a general overview of the legal repression of various categories of expressive behaviours ascribed to the notion of hate speech. Especially in Europe, such repression often passes through criminalization, long since used by law to suppress thoughts or points of view for some reason considered harmful. The social groups nowadays protected by such repressive measures, however, are different from the past: weak and/or minoritarian groups rather than strong and/or majoritarian ones. The second aim of this work is to identify the reasons for the legal repression of expressions, beliefs or doctrines certainly in many cases morally deplorable, yet protected by other high-ranking legal reasons: the principles of freedom of thought and speech. It will be noted that especially for untargeted hate speech not connected to a clear and present danger of unlawful actions, there is no general agreement about those reasons. Furthermore, they tend to be structured in justifications showing some typical flaws of, respectively, deontological and teleological reasoning: the former tend to be superficial as apodictic, generic and vacuous; the latter tend to evade the argumentative burdens of factual order from which their validity depends.