Contenuti per la categoria: Laicità e pluralismo

Sommario : 1. Premessa - 2. L’Islam in Italia: una confessione religiosa non riconosciuta. - 3. La preliminare questione dei diritti - 4. Islam e questione immigratoria - 5. Natura delle comunità islamiche e laicità dello Stato - 6. Alcuni problemi sui contenuti di un’eventuale intesa - 7. Il pericolo di fughe in avanti - 8. Ostacoli da superare. Il problema dei luoghi di culto - 9. Una piccola proposta: le associazioni con finalità (o oggetto) mista - 10. La questione della rappresentatività. La proposta di una consulta dell’Islam italiano - 11. Il dialogo e la collaborazione a livello locale - 12. Osservazioni conclusive.

Muslim Organisations in Italy: perspectives on an Agreement with the State

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the legal framework of Muslim communities in Italy in order to check the requirements needed to reach an agreement with the State, as envisaged by the Italian Constitution for denominations other than Catholicism, whose relations with the State “are regulated by law, based on agreements with their respective representatives” (Art. 8, co. 3, Const.). Nowadays the problem is a key issue in current political debates both in Italy and in most European countries. This type of agreement could not only promote the social and cultural integration of Muslim communities into society, but also help isolate Islamic terrorists and their supporters in immigrate communities and fight them better. Given that in Italy Muslim communities and their members, including foreign ones, already enjoy all the civil and social rights that are granted by the Constitution to citizens and social groups, the analysis maintains that reaching such an agreement would be for the moment premature, on the basis of a number of reasons. Among these are the following: the deep divisions existing both within and among these communities, due to different ethnic and religious origins and settlement periods in Italy; the difficulty on behalf of the State to identify a reliable negotiating partner (or more than one) who really represents such communities and does not depend from foreign States. Last but not least the very nature of such an agreement appears to be questionable. In fact, on one hand it would bring relevant advantages and public funding but on the other it would also need an unconditional acceptance of human rights and of the fundamental principles of the Italian law system - among which the equality between men and women and State secularism - which still has to be fully acknowledged within these communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Evoluzione del diritto dell’Unione europea. La tutela dei diritti fondamentali – 2. Il fenomeno religioso – 3. I rapporti delle organizzazioni religiose, filosofiche e non confessionali con l’Unione europea nell’art. 17 TFUE – 4. Il dialogo tra teoria, prassi e limiti di competenza dell’Unione.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. Il cammino verso la laicità dello Stato – 3. La rivoluzione della laicità, i totalitarismi, la terra promessa dei diritti umani – 4. Le nuove sfide. il secolarismo senza etica – 5. Altri segni di regresso: antisemitismo, guerra ai simboli religiosi – 6. Il mischiarsi della storia, il confondersi di religioni, popoli, culture – 7. La bestemmia della violenza religiosa.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La corte ritiene ammissibile l’intervento, nel giudizio costituzionale, dell’associazione privata degli atei e degli agnostici razionalisti. Funzione e importanza dei gruppi sociali organizzati per l’affermazione dei diritti verso e contro le religioni – 3. L’uaar può essere considerata una confessione religiosa? – 4. Non è ammesso un controllo giurisdizionale sulle decisioni del consiglio dei ministri riguardanti l’avvio delle trattative per la stipulazione di eventuali intese tra una confessione religiosa e lo Stato. Ma “ci sarà pure un giudice a Berlino!” – 5. Potere politico, potere amministrativo e potere giurisdizionale in tema di diritti dei gruppi religiosi in Italia – 6. Ragioni della politica e ragioni del diritto: una scelta metodologica . Dubbi, nella fattispecie, sul ruolo del parlamento come organo di garanzia che esercita il controllo sul governo – 7. 2 aprile 1966: il ricordo di una giornata particolare di cinquant’anni fa.

SOMMARIO: 1. L'assistenza spirituale negli istituti di detenzione – 2. Segue: ministri di culto, simbolismo religioso e testi sacri – 3. Il diritto a un’alimentazione “religiosamente orientata” – 4. Uno sguardo all’Europa – 5. Brevi conclusioni.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. Cibo e trasformazioni del religioso – 3. “Cibo religioso” e mercato – 4. “Cibo religioso” e diritti statuali – 5. Alcune osservazioni conclusive.

Food, Law, Religion. Religious Freedom Issues in a Global Society

ABSTRACT: The paper focuses on the contemporary relevance acquired by “religious food” and, in particular, on the relationship of this latter with freedom to religion. An overview of the topic of “religious food” highlights transformations of both religious communities and state legal orders and reveals the different role played and methods followed by different rights – the right to a free market and to religious freedom – in the protection of “religious practices”. The tension between a “neutral” commercial approach and a more institutional and religiously-oriented one seems to be a historical constant and still the main characteristic of this question.

Sommario: 1. Riforma dell’assistenza spirituale nelle Forze armate e impegni pattizi - 2. L’evoluzione dei sistemi di difesa in Europa e la sua incidenza sull’assistenza spirituale: il passaggio dalla coscrizione obbligatoria a un servizio di tipo professionale - 3. L’assistenza spirituale tra modello confessionista e modello pluralista. Le ragioni del ritardo legislativo - 4. L’inquadramento dei cappellani militari all’interno delle Forze armate, tra esigenze di ammodernamento e tendenze alla smilitarizzazione - 5. Inquadramento gerarchico dei cappellani militari e tradizione storica - 6. Inquadramento militare dei cappellani, principio di laicità ed esigenze funzionali - 7. Compiti delle Forze armate, principi costituzionali e nuovo ruolo dei cappellani militari - 8. La recente valorizzazione del ruolo dei cappellani militari nel sistema di difesa NATO. Osservazioni conclusive.

Military Chaplaincy in the process of reform

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the service of spiritual assistance in the State military forces according to the Italian system of law, in the context of their current evolution given to the principles of the Constitution and the changing international situation and policy. After some preliminary remarks about the origins of the present debate, it compares the models of other countries concerning the service of military chaplains and focuses on the issue of their juridic status as commissioned officers in the Army, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of this legal framework. In the end it makes some conclusive remarks about the new role of chaplains in military organizations, not only religious support but also advisor to the command on issue of religion and ethics and liaison with local religious leaders in an effort to understand the role of religion as both a factor in hostility and war and as a force for reconciliation and peace.

È una semplificazione ricorrente quella che riconduce alla contrapposizione tra “laici” e “cattolici” il confronto – serrato, talora aspro – che nel Paese e nel Parlamento si sta svolgendo a proposito della regolamentazione delle unioni civili, segnatamente per quanto concerne la stepchild adoption estesa alle coppie di omosessuali. Lo stesso avviene, non di rado, rispetto alle più importanti questioni di bioetica. Sul tema è intervenuto di recente Massimo Salvadori in un articolo comparso su la Repubblica del 18 febbraio 2016 (“ Unioni civili, non parliamo di laici contro cattolici ”), che offre interessanti spunti di riflessione. (continua).

SOMMARIO 1. Introduzione - 2. La satira e il diritto alla libertà di espressione - 3. Satira, umorismo e rispetto - 4. Deridere la religione - 5. Le basi morali della libertà di satira - 6. Conclusioni.

With a smile on the lips. The satire between freedom of expression and duty of respect

ABSTRACT: T his paper argues for a liberal perspective about satire, rejecting the idea that satire should not have constraints, and trying to ground this perspective on a more articulate argument than the mere reference to the relevance of freedom of expression in Western societies. I will proceed in this way. In Section 2, I will clarify what satire is, and how it is connected to freedom of expression. Section 3 will be devoted to analyze the relationship between humour and respect, and to explain why satire is morally more problematic than liberals usually think. In Section 4 I will suggest that satire against religion can be sometimes considered a lack of respect for people who believe in that religion. In Section 5 I will argue against restricting satire, even if it is seriously disrespectful, producing two different arguments for two different situations: when the victim can be considered “a powerful person”, and when he/she can be considered “a disadvantaged person”.

Summary : 1. Preliminary Remarks - 2. Religious values and nationality - 3. Electio iuris and religious values - 4. Public policy and religious values - 5. The Conventional approach - 6. Conclusive Remarks.

ABSTRACT: The wide evolution of private international law is currently recalling attention to the general aspects of the discipline. Europeanization and globalisation of sources of private international law do not preclude the chance that conflict of laws should also deal with individual identities. To the extent that the European systems have hitherto offered to the application of foreign laws, we are faced with the problem of survival in Europe of an idea of the personality of laws. In fact it’s generally accepted that conflict of laws faces the individual identities of people involved in international relations. Cultural identity may be considered collective and individual at the same time, because each member of the group has an identity of its own. Religious values contribute to defining the cultural identity of individuals: be it in Europe or other countries, cultures, values, civilization, religion, are never absent from the solutions of personal status. Stepping back from the analysis of some cases where religious values are relevant, this Article aims at a theoretical analysis of the subject, involving the contrast between value pluralism, conflict of laws and fundamental rights.