Contenuti per la categoria: Islam

SUMMARY: 1. Preliminary remark - 2. The Işık v. Turkey case before the European Court of Human Rights and its background - 3. The previous case-law of the ECtHR in connection with the Işık case - 4. A new protagonist on the Strasbourg stage: The Religious Affairs Directorate - 5. Follow-up cases and subsequent developments – 5.1. ECtHR’s case law – 5.2. Domestic law - 6. Instead of a conclusion: trying to analyse an identity crisis.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Sharia compliant - 3. Murabah - 4. Ijaraha - 5. Istisna’a - 6. Sukuk - 7. Conclusioni.

Islamic finance compatibility with the Italian legislation

ABSTRACT: Some verses of Allah that were revealed to the Prophet Mohammad in Quran were regarding economic issues. Further they were enriched in the legal framework of reference by other sources of Islamic law “Sharia” like; the Hadith (the sayings of the Prophet transmitted first orally and then transcribed), the Sunna (the tradition dictated by the words and actions of the prophet and the remembrance of the prophet statements by his first followers), and finally of Fiqh that is the Islamic jurisprudence dictated by the doctrinal interpretation of the various juridical schools. Islamic finance products which are derived from Sharia based on religious principles are very compatible with the system of traditional financial products, except for some ethical (excluded by the Sharia supervisory board) and fiscal (to avoid double taxation measures of some Islamic finance transactions), which could enhance the market attaractiveness prespective. The present study aims to investigate and identify the regulatory changes that can be implemented in the Italian legislations to make them compatible with the applicability of the typical Islamic financial contracts.

Sommario: 1. Società democratica e simboli religiosi - 2. La delibera di Giunta e l’ordinanza del Tribunale. La delicata sovrapposizione delle esigenze di riconoscibilità e di identificazione - 3. La sentenza di secondo grado. Il primato assiologico della pubblica sicurezza - 4. Sicurezza percepita e insicurezza dei diritti - 5. Conclusioni.

The ʻAnti-veilʼ Ruling of Lombardy Executive Committee and the New Paradigm of Public Security

ABSTRACT: On 10 December 2015, Lombardy Executive Committee approved a ruling which forbids the access to some public facilities to people who wear types of clothing aimed at covering the face. This ruling, whose object is to prevent any dangers that could affect public security, risks to discriminate Muslim women who wear an integral veil for religious reasons. With a controversial judgement, the Milan Court of Appeal confirmed the legitimacy of the provision. Contrarily to the opinion of the Court, this essay aims at proving that the Regional ruling couldn’t effectively get through a proportionality test, given the excessive intensity of the prohibition. In addition, other doubts are risen by the meaning of public security expressed by the provision.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Brief Remarks on the Notion of Halal - 3. The Interests at Stake in Halal Certification - 4. Actors and Instruments Involved in Halal Certification - 5. The Constitutional Regulation of the Religious Factor and Its Impact on Halal Certification - 6. Halal Italia and the 2010 Inter-Ministerial Convention - 7. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to examine the Italian experience with halal certification and, in particular, the case of Halal Italia. After some brief preliminary remarks on the notion of halal, I will examine the general context of halal certification, by focusing on the interests at stake and on the actors and instruments involved. Next, I will take into account the impact of the constitutional regulation of the religious factor on halal certification. Finally, my analysis will turn to the trademark Halal Italia and the 2010 Inter-Ministerial Convention.

SOMMARIO: 1. Prospettive - 2. Duplice dovere - 3. Questioni I - 4. Questioni II - 5. L’accesso visto da Strasburgo - 6. Poteri pubblici e spazi pubblici - 7. Accesso pluralistico: regola ed eccezione.

Public spaces and religion

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the legal issues related to the presence of religion in public spaces. The thesis is that it is necessary to consider the various issues (religious building, religious symbols in public buildings etc.) on the basis of the public character of the space. In this way it becomes possible: a) to compare the various issues; b) identify the tasks of public authorities, which must make spaces available to religion and must not discriminate access to spaces. However, there are exceptions to the rule necessary to protect children in classrooms.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Planteamiento del problema y antecedentes en Europa - 3. El velo integral en la legislación italiana - 4. La sentencia del Consiglio di Stato italiano núm. 3076, de 19 de junio de 2008 - 5. La Delibera 4553, de 10 de diciembre de 2015, de la Giunta Regionale de Lombardía - 6. La sentencia del Tribunal de Milán de 20 de abril de 2017 – 7. La valoración de la Corte di Appello di Milano: la sentencia de 28 de octubre de 2019 - 8. El velo integral en el ordenamiento jurídico español – 9. La Ordenanza Municipal de Civismo y Convivencia de Lleida y su interpretación por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Cataluña - 10. La anulación de la Ordenanza Municipal de Civismo y Convivencia de Lleida por el Tribunal Supremo: la sentencia núm. 693 de 2013, de 14 de febrero - 11. La Ordenanza de Civismo de la ciudad de Reus y los autos del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Cataluña - 12. Síntesis conclusiva: estudio comparativo de las realidades lombarda y catalana.

The ban on the integral veil in Italy and Spain: the Lombard and Catalan cases

ABSTRACT: In recent years we have been able to appreciate how phenomena such as immigration and globalization have transformed the religious decoration of European countries. Italy and Spain do not represent any exception, because in the streets of their towns and villages there is a growing religious diversity that every day does not stop increasing. That this means people who have arrived to Italy and Spain searching of better prospects for the future but without forgetting their customs, traditions and religion. The problems arise when in use of religious freedom, this people try that the host society admits or tolerates certain religious practices, foreign to the European Judeo-Christian tradition, which could collide with the European legal order. One of those controversial practices has to do with religious symbology, specifically, with the integral veil that Islamic women carry, mainly because of the security problems. By this reason, this article tries to describe the legal situation of the integral veil, analyzing and comparing the ways in which have been regulated in Italy (Lombardy) and Spain (some Catalonian municipalities like Lleida or Reus). The jurisprudential solutions emanating from the courts of both countries are also studied.

SOMMARIO : 1. Liminaire - 2. Les transformations du droit de liberté religieuse - 3. Transformations européennes, circulation de modelés et “universalisme modeste” - 4 Pour une “saine osmose” entre sphère séculière étatique et sphère religieuse.

For a shared political agora around the Mediterranean

ABSTRACT: The right to religious freedom is in profound transformation on both sides of the Mediterranean. While the Muslim presence shows European difficulties in the treatment of the collective dimensions of this right, the southern shore is confronted with the demands connected to the individualization of beliefs. On both sides, the challenge of freedom of conscience and religion and of the construction of pluralist constitutional democracies proposes ancient questions in renewed terms, soliciting a new rediscovery of the answers given by the universalistic constitutionalism of the second post-war period.

SOMMARIO: 1. - La fisionomia del diritto di libertà religiosa nello spazio europeo: due sistemi a confronto - 2. La giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo in materia di libertà religiosa individuale: le nuove prospettive sul divieto di porto di simboli religiosi - 3. La Corte di giustizia e la libertà religiosa: l’(apparente) risvegliato interesse - 4. Brevi considerazioni conclusive.

Freedom of religion before European Courts

ABSTRACT: This essay aims to investigate the content of the right to religious freedom in the European Court of Human Rights’ and the EU Court of Justice’s case law. As a matter of fact, the approach of these courts appears to be very different. While in the Strasbourg Court’s case law this right is gradually recognized more and more clearly and the legitimate restrictions foreseen in the Convention are interpreted with increasing restraint, the Court of Luxembourg rarely applies the right recognized by art. 10 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in a direct way and often decides the cases through the lenses of an extensive interpretation of the EU anti-discrimination law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La blasphemy law - 3. Un campo di falsa, un sorso d’acqua e il “peccato” contro Asia Bibi - 4. La sentenza della Corte Suprema - 5. Leading case o moral suasion?

“More sinned against than sinning”:  the Pakistan Supreme Court and Asia Bibi case

ABSTRACT:  Asia Bibi case, a Christian woman falsely accused of being a blasphemer, finds her ‘judge in Berlin’ in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The Court does not address the ratio legis of blasphemy law but points out how contrary to the spirit of Islam is the misuse of law for political purposes. The wide international echo of the case makes this SC verdict a possible leading case in theme of presumption of innocence.

SOMMARIO: 1. Pluralismo religioso e luoghi di culto - 2. Gli edifici di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2.1. La normativa unilaterale statale: una tutela plurifunzionale - 2.2. La normativa pattizia, tra garanzia e promozione degli interessi religiosi - 2.3. La legislazione urbanistica e antisismica - 2.4. Apertura e finanziamento degli edifici di culto - 3. I luoghi di culto delle confessioni religiose prive di intesa - 4. La questione dei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.

Religious freedom and places of worship in Italian Law

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the complex legal framework and major issues concerning the churches and other places of worship in Italian legislation, which aims to protect an extraordinary historical and artistic heritage but, in the same time, is marked by an increasing inadequacy in order to meet the needs of new religious communities.