Contenuti per la categoria: Canon law of eastern churches

De Albanensium seu Græcorum peculiari cura habenda. The religious condition of the Italo-Albanians in Calabria during the post-Tridentine age. Historical and legal outlines

Abstract: The invasion of Albania by the Turks in 1478 forced many Albanians to emigrate in the Kingdom of Naples and, in particular, in the Calabrian provinces. These Albanian refugees continued to speak their language and most of all to profess the Catholic religion, but according to the Byzantine rite. The liturgical and doctrinal diversity of this rite led, over the years, Calabrian bishops and priests following the Roman rite to be wary and suspicious towards these canonical practices. Nevertheless, the Holy See was generally benevolent towards the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church allowing the devotes the free exercise of religious practice, protecting diversity and encouraging the education of clerics, by enacting a series of important measures over the Centuries. This paper aims to focus, from a legal-historical perspective, the events concerning the Byzantine rite in Calabria between the 16^th and the 18^th Centuries, through the analysis of the decrees of some diocesan synods and some of the most important papal measures that allowed the Albanians of Calabria (arbëreshë) to resist the attempts of “Latinization” and at the same time to confirm, despite the diversity, their belonging to the Catholic Church. 

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa - 2. Gli albanesi di rito greco nella Calabria post-tridentina fra sospetti di eterodossia e tentativi di latinizzazione: le disposizioni di alcuni sinodi diocesani - 3. I Pontefici di fronte alla ‘questione’ degli italo-albanesi: dal XVI Secolo alla fondazione del Collegio Corsini.

ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the recent Latvian Law by which the State unilaterally declares the autocephaly of the Latvian Orthodox Church. The latter was previously under the Patriarchate of Moscow and all Russias. In addition, the study illustrates the changes made to the Law of Latvia, on the legal status of this Church. Much emphasis is put on the violation of the principle of separation, enshrined in art. 99 of the Latvian Constitution, further addressing the tendency to change the ecclesiastical policy of the European Union as a result of the war in Ukraine.

SUMMARY: 1. The State proclaims by law the autocephaly of the Latvian Orthodox Church - 2. Birth and development of the Latvian Orthodox Church - 3. The Religious Freedom Law and its amendments - 4. The Law on the Latvian Orthodox Church and the amendments made by the Saeima in 2019-2022 - 5. State legislative intervention, separatism and the Constitution - 6. Separatism, secularism and neo-jurisdictionalism in the European Union.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il caso del Montenegro: identità nazionale e identità religiosa - 3. La costruzione di un’identità nazionale - 4. Prodromi di un divorzio annunciato - 5. Personalità giuridica delle Chiese e patrimonio religioso - 6. Beni culturali contesi - 7. Verso una risoluzione dei contrasti con la Chiesa ortodossa serba? - 8. Patrimonio culturale montenegrino e ruolo delle organizzazioni internazionali - 9. Conclusioni.

 Religious freedom, cultural heritage and identity: the case of Montenegro

ABSTRACT: With the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the Balkan populations found themselves having to face the necessity of replacing their common Slavic origins with national identities that found a solid point of reference in religion. The cultural heritage, at first common thanks to Tito's unifying work, became again the heritage of the single nationalities and the object of ethnic-local identity claims. In this situation, the anchorage to cultural heritage and the particular care taken by governments to claim its management and control, become instruments of identity whose effects inevitably reverberate on the delicate balance between the religious communities present in the different territories. The case of Montenegro shows the complicated relationship between the protection of cultural heritage, national identities and religious belonging to the different components of Orthodoxy, each of which claims exclusive and unique ownership over their respective territories, thus contributing to rewrite the contents of cultural heritage, reducing it to an increasingly local dimension. Thanks to the work of international organizations such as UNESCO with "its" world heritage and the Council of Europe, which is working to promote diversity and dialogue in the field of cultural heritage, this regains its dignity, respecting the citizens' feelings and their quality of life.

SOMMARIO: Premessa - 1. La Chiesa Ortodossa Macedone - 2. Problemi giuridici della costituzione della Chiesa Ortodossa (autocefala) di Ohrid - 3. Gli effetti dell’autocefalia e il consolidamento dello Stato della Macedonia del Nord - 4. L’ortodossia tra autocefalia e pluralismo confessionale - 5. L’ecumene ortodossa e la problematica gestione della diaspora - 6. Il ruolo dei Patriarcati della diaspora nel rinnovamento dell’Ortodossia.

Orthodox autocephaly and confessional pluralism in Northern Macedonia

ABSTRACT: The paper reconstructs the history of the Macedonian Orthodox Church and the path that led it, after many vicissitudes, to obtain autocephaly from the Serbian Orthodox Church, with the name of the Orthodox Church of Ohrid, using the mediation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The implications of the affair are analyzed with the schism that opposes the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Russian Patriarchate and its repercussions on pan-Orthodox relations, also in relation to the Orthodox diaspora.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il tema - 2. L’attività ecclesiale di Costantinopoli nella diaspora - 3. Azione pastorale nella diaspora rivendicata da alcune Chiese - 4. Controversie in materia di giurisdizione episcopale - 5. L’esarcato moscovita per l’Africa - 6. Il ruolo del patriarcato ecumenico e del patriarcato moscovita nell’odierna ortodossia - Appendice.

Recent disputes on territorial jurisdiction in Orthodoxy: the Exarchate Moscow for Africa

ABSTRACT: The pastoral activity of Constantinople and other autocephalous churches in the diaspora. The consequent controversies on the episcopal jurisdiction. The Moscovite Exarchate for Africa. The role of the Moscow patriarchate in today's Orthodoxy.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La realtà ecclesiale e i riti - 3. La Chiesa armena gregoriana - 4. la Chiesa copta d’Egitto - 5.La Chiesa etiope e la Chiesa eritrea - 6- La Chiesa siro-giacobita - 7. La Chiesa siriaca orientale o malankarese - 8. La Chiesa assiro-orientale o caldea.

The Ancient Oriental Churches and their conformity to the calcedonese faith

ABSTRACT: Historical and doctrinal genesis of the non-chalcedon Churches and their current consistency. The recent clarification about the Christology of many of these Churches, especially in documents common with the Catholic Church.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Lo status dei cattolici orientali in Germania - 2.1. I fedeli della Chiesa ucraina - 2.2. Gli altri cattolici orientali - 3. Facoltà dei parroci latini di sposare coppie orientali? - 4. Chiesa di appartenenza dei figli di matrimoni misti - 4.1. Efficacia anche nella sfera giuridica latina? - 4.2. La situazione prima del motu proprio De concordia inter Codices - 4.3. La situazione dopo il motu proprio De concordia inter Codices - 5. Conclusioni.

The Status of Oriental Catholics in Germany. A current challenge for the coordination of the two Codes

ABSTRACT: According to an estimate by the Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference, about 200,000 members of fourteen different Eastern Catholic Churches currently live in Germany. A first large migratory wave with a lasting impact up to today emerged with members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the first decades of the 20th century. Lately, due to migration from Syria and Iraq starting in 2015, a larger number of Eastern Catholics - estimated by some in the five-digit range - have arrived in Germany. The change brought about by migration poses new challenges for pastoral care and canon law in Germany. The Ukrainians have their own jurisdiction in the form of an Apostolic Exarchy. All other Oriental Catholics have been entrusted to local Latin ordinaries by a decree of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches according to can. 916, § 5, CCEO. Therefore, the solution of many legal questions requires a synopsis of both codes. Do Latin parish priests have the authority to celebrate marriages for Oriental couples per se? To which church do children from a mixed marriage belong? The motu proprio De concordia inter Codices did not answer all questions and has also brought new ones.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Le radici della disciplina canonica sulle reliquie e la fenomenologia dei furta sacra - 3. Il periodo aureo della legislazione in tema di reliquie: la riforma di Urbano VIII e la sistematizzazione di Benedetto XIV - 4. Il Codex del 1917: un supporto moderno per una normativa antica - 5. Il can. 1190 del Codice giovanneo-paolino: un frammento superstite di una esigua storia giuridica - 6. Dedicatio altaris: a cavallo tra obbligo e raccomandazione - 7. Autenticità e conservazione delle reliquie: la competenza della Congregazione delle cause dei santi - 8. La competenza della Congregazione per il culto divino e la disciplina dei sacramenti sul legittimo regime cultuale - 9. Le peculiarità proprie del Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium - 10. Il Catechismo della Chiesa cattolica e le indicazioni della CEI: disposizioni a completamento del quadro normativo - 11. È lecito parlare di compravendita di reliquie all’interno dell’ordinamento ecclesiale? - 12. La nuova primavera del commercio delle reliquie: profili civilistici - 13. Riflessioni sull’applicazione della legge penale: provocazioni e nuovi orizzonti d’esplorazione.

Fragments between heaven and earth. The discipline of relics between canon law and the secular one

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to give an account of relics and in order to achieve it the paper examines three different perspectives. The first section charts the origin of the reliquary cult through an historical and systematic reconstruction, starting from the early Christianity until the 1917 Code of canon law. The second segment looks in more detail at the demanding objective to examine Church’s law in force on relics as well as relics worship. The normative to be analysed is contained in many different legislative sources, which have been object of little interest in terms of canonistic doctrine. The third and last section of this study points out the rising of the market of relics in our contemporary society. In particular, this point will be analysed through the eyes of the jurist who deals with religious matters, taking into account the complexity that links the canonical system to the national one, underlying the significant difficulties that the secular judiciary has to face when it comes to express themselves about subjects of “different order”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Stati a identità debole e rapporti con le confessioni religiose - 2. Il cratere balcanico - 3. La Bosnia Erzegovina terreno di confronto identitario e di rifiuto dell’autocefalia - 4. Un rapporto sinfonico contestato: il Montenegro - 5. Le denominazioni contese: la Macedonia del Nord - 6. L’Ucraina alla ricerca dell’identità - 7. Autonomia confessionale e autocefalia: per una nuova nozione di territorio canonico.

… Is seeking for autocephaly, which is so precious!/ They go in search of autocephaly- so precious! / Of autocephalous they journey: how dear it is!

ABSTRACT: The "Weak States" of the Balkans born from the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the USSR seek legitimacy and struggle to strengthen their national identity. This is currently happening through the recognition of autocephaly to their Orthodox Churches in order to build on the symphonic and stable relationship between State and Churches. The article analyzes the status of relations between the state entities of Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Ukraine. In this perspective, the conflict between different religious designations claiming to be represented as identity representations before the State is highlighted. Additionally, the conflicts within the Orthodox pae granting the tomos to recognize autocephaly are explored.

SOMMARIO: 1. Alto valore ecclesiale dello status di chierico sposato - 2. L’obbligo del celibato e le eccezioni - 3. Le norme speciali relative al clero cattolico orientale sposato, in Occidente - 4. Le norme speciali relative all’ordinazione di pastori protestati convertitisi al cattolicesimo - 5. La normativa della Chiesa antica - 6. La disciplina delle Chiese ortodosse.

Priesthood and celibacy in the Catholic Church.

ABSTRACT: In this period there is discussion about the possibility of abolishing the obligation of celibacy for the Catholic clergy of Latin rite in order to increase their vocations. Some exceptions to this obligation have already been foreseen by the regulations of previous Roman popes for specific cases, aimed at promoting the conversion of Protestant pastors to Catholicism. Canon 373 of the Code of Law of the Eastern Churches states that "must be held in honor the status of clerics united in marriage sanctioned over the centuries by the practice of the early Church and the Eastern Churches", opening up to a re-evaluation of the uxorato clergy. This study aims to recall what is happening today in Eastern Catholic Churches, the exceptions made against Protestant pastors in the Latin Church, as well as the legislation in force in the ancient church, maintained, in substance, in the Orthodox Churches.