Contenuti per la categoria: Confessions and religious associations

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Definizione di Transumanesimo e i suoi principi – 3. Criticità e limiti del Transumanesimo - 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

From homo erectus to homo Deus. Brief reflection on the new scientific-technological religions: Transhumanism

ABSTRACT: The contribution aims to be a brief reflection on a new way of conceiving man and the future of humanity, no longer linked to physical-psychological decay but capable of becoming immortal. The Transhumanists, so called those who share this new ideology, are convinced that, thanks to technological development, by 2030 it will be possible to achieve objectives that today may seem surreal but which will give us, instead of man made of flesh, bones and passions, a cyborg able to think and live like a man but with much more developed and lasting potential.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Régimen jurídico-constitutivo de iglesias, confesiones y comunidades religiosas - 2.1. La legislación específica de iglesias, confesiones y comunidades religiosas - 2.2. ¿Es de aplicación a las entidades religiosas ‘mayores’ la denominada garantía común asociativa? - 3. Régimen jurídico-constitutivo de asociaciones religiosas - 3.1. Antecedentes - 3.2. Problemática jurídica que plantea esta doble regulación normativa - 3.2.1. ¿Qué diferencias existen entre estos dos regímenes jurídicos, aptos en sus respectivos ámbitos de aplicación, en la regulación y constancia registral del fenómeno asociativo-religioso? - 3.2.2. ¿Resulta ajustado a Derecho este régimen diferenciado, o se constituye en inconstitucional por causante de discriminación? - 3.2.3. ¿Es necesario este doble y distinto régimen jurídico-asociativo? - 4. Epílogo.

Associations in the framework of state legal personality of religious organisations in Spain

ABSTRACT: The community dimension of religious freedom entails the existence of Churches, Denominations and Religious communities.  This paper addresses the issue of whether these entities are applied the common associative guarantee of Article 22 of the Spanish Constitution and, if applicable, the Organic Law on the right of association. The conclusion reached is that religious denominations are not legally considered associations of constitutional relevance. The paper also tackles the scope of application of this Organic Law on the right of association to religious ‘associations’ per se. The study notes they have a different legal regime, due to them being subject to this Law exclusively or to the Organic Law on religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Stati a identità debole e rapporti con le confessioni religiose - 2. Il cratere balcanico - 3. La Bosnia Erzegovina terreno di confronto identitario e di rifiuto dell’autocefalia - 4. Un rapporto sinfonico contestato: il Montenegro - 5. Le denominazioni contese: la Macedonia del Nord - 6. L’Ucraina alla ricerca dell’identità - 7. Autonomia confessionale e autocefalia: per una nuova nozione di territorio canonico.

… Is seeking for autocephaly, which is so precious!/ They go in search of autocephaly- so precious! / Of autocephalous they journey: how dear it is!

ABSTRACT: The "Weak States" of the Balkans born from the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the USSR seek legitimacy and struggle to strengthen their national identity. This is currently happening through the recognition of autocephaly to their Orthodox Churches in order to build on the symphonic and stable relationship between State and Churches. The article analyzes the status of relations between the state entities of Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Ukraine. In this perspective, the conflict between different religious designations claiming to be represented as identity representations before the State is highlighted. Additionally, the conflicts within the Orthodox pae granting the tomos to recognize autocephaly are explored.

SOMMARIO: 1 - Introduzione - 2. Il quadro pluralistico dell’ebraismo diasporico e delle sue organizzazioni - 3. Peculiarità dell’organizzazione dell’ebraismo italiano - 4. Pluralismo interno e tensioni nel contesto unitario delle Comunità - 5. Le origini storiche del peculiare assetto organizzativo dell’ebraismo italiano: l’assenza del movimento riformato in Italia e la normativa statualistica del 1930-31 - 6. La struttura unitaria e l’adesione delle Comunità all’ortodossia nello Statuto e nell’Intesa - 7. Conclusioni: la necessaria conciliazione tra pluralismo e unitarietà tra le varie anime dell’ebraismo italiano.

The Union of Italian Jewish Communities between adherence to Orthodox Judaism and representation of all Jew in Italy: Is the constitutional Agreement of 1987 with the Italian State still adequate?

ABSTRACT: Relations between Italian Judaism and the Italian State are governed legally by the Agreement (“Intesa”) concluded in 1987 pursuant to Article 8 of the Italian Constitution, enforced by Law No. 101 of 1989.The organization of the Italian Jewish communities and their central “Union” is governed by the By-Laws (“Statuto”) adopted by them at that time, which reflect the Intesa. In conformity also with the tradition of Italian Judaism local communities take care of all Jewish activities, religious, social or educational, and the Unione officially represents all Jews and Jewish groups. Since 1987 however, there has been an explosion of various Jewish groups and denominations in Italy, from the Lubavitch to Reformed groups, which organize themselves autonomously. These groups considers themselves part of Italian Judaism and recognize more or less the central role of the local communities and Unione. However they increasingly ask a say in the latter management.. The issue discussed in the paper is whether the unitary structure of Italian Judaism, as enshrined in Intesa and recognized by Italian public authorities, is still adequate to cope with this evolution, and whether a plurality of independent Jewish organizations, separately recognized by Italian authorities would be compatible with Article 8 of the Constitution and preferable in practice.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il Regolamento UE 2016/679 e i dati di natura religiosa: un nuovo percorso normativo da analizzare - 2. Dalla legge n. 675 del 1996 al d.lgs. n. 196 del 2003: l’affermarsi delle “autorizzazioni generali” per il trattamento dei dati sensibili da parte delle confessioni religiose - 3. Le novità introdotte dal Regolamento europeo n. 679 del 2016 per il trattamento dei dati di natura religiosa e il mancato riferimento alle “autorizzazioni generali” - 4. Il d.lgs. n. 101 del 2018 e l’adeguamento italiano alla normativa comunitaria del 2016: il recupero delle “autorizzazioni generali” - 5. Il ruolo del Garante e la conferma parziale della legittimità dell’autorizzazione generale n. 3 - 6. Un nuovo ruolo per i responsabili del trattamento dei dati di natura religiosa: privacy by design, compliance normativa e tutela dell’autonomia delle confessioni religiose.

General Authorizations to process of sensitive data by churches. Considerations on recent reforms in theme of privacy

ABSTRACT: The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – so-called GDPR - has resulted in a significant reform of the Italian system for the protection of personal data and crystallized in Legislative Decree no. 196 of 30 June 2003. The GDPR, which focuses on principle of accountability and the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, has rethought, in particular, the category of data in which those of a religious nature were inserted basing their discipline on a general prohibition of treatment and provided that churches, associations or religious communities can dictate and apply their own internal legislation in this field, provided that it complies with the community provisions of the regulation. Before entry into force of the GDPR, the processing of religious data was mainly linked to the provision by the Guarantor Authority for the protection of personal data of a General Authorization - No. 3 - which allowed religious confessions to process the data of their members. This system has been questioned in part by the GDPR and then re-read by Legislative Decree no. 101/2018, which confirmed the value of the General Authorization n.3 in the framework of a peculiar system of guarantees.

SOMMARIO: 1. Riflessioni a margine della libertà religiosa con specifico riguardo alle confessioni senza rappresentanza - 2. I disegni di legge sulla libertà religiosa e i rapporti con le confessioni non strutturate o prive di adeguata rappresentanza istituzionale - 3. Le confessioni religiose senza rappresentanza: ulteriori osservazioni e prospettive.

Remarks on religions lacking any adequate institutional representatives in the light of social-ethnic context

ABSTRACT: Because of intense migratory flows today, the coexistence of various religious movement, often very different among them, in our society has increased. This phenomenon is known as ‘religious pluralism’ and it implies that before the law all religions have the right to exist, to preach their own doctrines, to worship, and to gain a recognition of ‘special’ juridical positions. In this background the religious factor is a diriment element and represents the focal point of cultural and juridical debate.

SOMMARIO: 1. Ulteriori riflessioni su un tema controverso - 2. Intese e procedimento amministrativo - 3. La fase di accesso alle trattative - 4. Le trattative e la sottoscrizione dell’intesa - 5. L’iniziativa legislativa e l’iter legislativo di sottoscrizione dell’intesa - 6. Le conseguenze di regime - 7. Conclusioni.

Again about the procedure of stipulation of the agreements (ʻinteseʼ) between the State and the religious denominations

ABSTRACT: The essay focuses on the topic of the agreements which should be subscribed by the Italian Government and the representatives of the religious denominations, in compliance with the article 8, c. 3, of the Italian Constitution. In a recent and highly controversial judgement, the Constitutional Court has recognised that the act of selection of the denominations for the negotiations aimed to the subscription of such agreements has the nature of a ʻpolitical actʼ and could therefore not be reviewed by any judges of the Country. The judgement has been deeply criticized by the most of the Italian scholars specialized in the subject. The object of this essay is to demonstrate that at least some parts of the complex procedure of production of the above mentioned agreements could not be considered ʻpoliticalʼ, in the technical sense, but should rather be reduced to the model of the typical administrative procedure. In that case, the Government acts of selection and of withdrawal from the negotiations could be object of a common administrative judicial review.

SOMMARIO: 1. La Corte costituzionale e la pronuncia avanguardista - 2. I presupposti ragionati in sede Costituente dell’art. 8, terzo comma - 3. Ruolo delle intese nel processo storico di equiparazione con la condizione riservata alla Chiesa cattolica - 4. La fase dell’affermazione del pluralismo aperto a tutte le confessioni - 5. I nuovi soggetti religiosi e le loro rappresentanze - 6 Il contenuto delle intese tra diritto speciale e diritto comune - 7. Conclusioni.

The agreements to the test: new actors and old content

ABSTRACT: The Constitutional Court, in its judgement, has brought to light the critical aspects of the "system of agreements", highlighting the lack of a complete regulation of the procedure of stipulation. A short historical journey, starting from the works discussed in the Constituent Assembly, helps us to understand the evolution of the bilateral model provided for by Art. 8, third paragraph, of the Italian Constitution: from an initial phase in which it has been placed as a useful tool to fulfill an equal treatment to a subsequent one in which it has been used as a means of affirmation of open religious pluralism, to arrive at assuming an autonomous function unrelated to the first two paragraphs of Art. 8. The current system of "agreements-photocopies" can only be overcome by a general law on religious freedom that takes into account the specific content of the agreements. In this way, the agreements themselves would regain their original function of special law, reserved for religious confessions of sacred origin

SOMMARIO: 1. Pluralismo religioso e luoghi di culto - 2. Gli edifici di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2.1. La normativa unilaterale statale: una tutela plurifunzionale - 2.2. La normativa pattizia, tra garanzia e promozione degli interessi religiosi - 2.3. La legislazione urbanistica e antisismica - 2.4. Apertura e finanziamento degli edifici di culto - 3. I luoghi di culto delle confessioni religiose prive di intesa - 4. La questione dei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.

Religious freedom and places of worship in Italian Law

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the complex legal framework and major issues concerning the churches and other places of worship in Italian legislation, which aims to protect an extraordinary historical and artistic heritage but, in the same time, is marked by an increasing inadequacy in order to meet the needs of new religious communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le proiezioni delle religioni nei rapporti giuridici collettivi - 2. “La dimensione collettiva dell’esperienza religiosa e teorizzazione giuridica costituzionale (1948-2018)” - 3. “Autonomia della ‘confessione’ islamica e neo-giurisdizionalismo. ‘Crisi’ della laicità? Le risorse della laicità come pluralismo confessionale e ‘culturale’” - 4. “La definizione della nozione di Confessione religiosa nel prisma della giurisprudenza: un’analisi dell’ordinamento giuridico italiano” - 5. “La funzione nomopoietica dell’art. 20 della Carta Costituzionale” - 6. “Autonomia confessionale e sistema delle fonti del diritto ecclesiastico. Riforma del Terzo settore e tutela della privacy: un banco di prova per la produzione normativa confessionale” 7. “Ambiente, creato, sviluppo umano integrale. Dimensione religiosa collettiva e prospettiva ecologica” - 8. “La tutela dei luoghi sacri naturali: valori spirituali e patrimonio bioculturale nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano” - 9. “Proselitismo porta a porta, attività organizzativa delle confessioni religiose e norme europee sulla tutela della privacy” - 10. ... Per una riflessione!

The collective projections of religious freedom

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates new perspectives on religious freedom in Italy. Many issues on religious freedom are on environment protection, religious organizations, heritage on holy places and privacy protection. Especially, the focus is real dimension on relationship between State and churches in the Constitutional statement of Italian Republic.