Contenuti per la categoria: Uguaglianza e non discriminazione

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.

Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams

ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le Sharia court: origini, attività e scopi - 2. Alcuni dati statistici - 3. Un’ulteriore evoluzione: l’Arbitration Act e il Muslim Arbitration Tribunal - 4. Il discorso dell’arcivescovo di Canterbury e reazioni - 5. Il Private Members’ Bill della baronessa Cox - 6. La risposta dell’Islamic Sharia Council - 7. Un dibattito ancora in corso: Friend or Foe?

Sharia Courts. History and evolution of Muslim courts in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT: In the last thirty years the United Kingdom has experienced the formation and surge of so-called Sharia courts or councils, unrecognised Muslim tribunals with purpose of settling disputes using Islamic religious law. Their stated objectives include providing advice and assistance in the operation of Muslim family life, establishing a bench of scholars to operate as a council, making decisions on matters of Muslim family law, and promoting an enlightened practice of the Muslim faith by Muslims living in the UK.

This paper analyses the origins, evolution and functioning of these councils, with emphasis on the lively public debate initiated in 2008 following the Archbishop of Canterbury’s remarks and followed with the bill proposed by Baroness Cox. An overview of the relations between Sharia councils and the State is presented, while providing insight on future scenarios.

SOMMAIRE: 1 - Introduction - 2. L’État et l’Église en Grèce. Le cadre constitutionnel - 3 - L’Église de Grèce comme institution de l’État grec - 4. Le discours constitutionnel de l’Église. Des éléments de constitutionnalisme populiste - Pluralisme constitutionnel et droits de la majorité - 6. Les droits en tant qu’identité - 7. Conclusion - Bibliographie.

ABSTRACT: The invocation of the people, the constitution and the rights occupies an important place in the public discourse of the Church of Greece. Its constitutional discourse exhibits two main characteristics. Firstly, it is a populist discourse. The church talks in the name of “its” people, which it identifies with the Greek nation, and as the voice of the people’s will against its rulers. Moreover, it is a rights-laden discourse. The church talks as the protector of the rights of the majority, which it identifies with the rights of its believers. Its constitutional discourse and practice shows that the church manages to exploit the institutions, achievements and discourses of modernity, if only for the promotion of apparently pre-modern ends: the preservation of its privileges against the other religions; the prolongation of its role in the public sphere; its reproduction as an ideological mechanism of the nation-state.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. General measures of the anti-terrorist laws; social surveillance and immigration control - 3. Antiterrorist laws and Islam: the securitization of Muslims in western countries - 4. The enforcement of measures affecting Muslim population not directly related to security: the vague criminalization of Islam - 5. Effects of the measures direct or indirectly justified on security reasons in religious freedom; specially related to Muslim population - 6. Closing remarks; positive statements in the construction of the European Union framework.

SOMMARIO: 1. Attualità del diritto di libertà religiosa - 2. La libertà religiosa e la sfida del pluralismo confessionale - 3. L’affermazione del diritto di libertà religiosa in Europa -  4. Evoluzione espansiva del diritto di libertà religiosa. Tradizione anglosassone e approccio europeo ai diritti - 5. Dimensione negativa o di garanzia e dimensione positiva o promozionale del diritto di libertà religiosa - 6. Dimensione positiva dei diritti e obblighi di solidarietà: la logica del sistema pattizio - 7. Il sistema italiano di tutela del diritto di libertà religiosa - 8. Legislazione ecclesiastica e proposte di riforma - 9. Il progetto di legge generale sulla libertà religiosa - 10.  Evoluzione del quadro normativo e progetti di riforma - 11. Organizzazioni agnostiche e strutture confessionali: un’assimilazione controversa - 12. Il sistema pattizio come garanzia di pluralismo confessionale e di piena integrazione.

Religious freedom and proposals of reform of the Italian law concerning religious denominations

ABSTRACT: This paper, after briefly recalling the importance of religious freedom in Western civilization and its progressive identification as a fundamental right all over the world, examines the legal framework of religious freedom in the Italian law system. In doing so, it underlines the distinction between the negative and positive aspects of the right, calling for a different attitude on behalf of the State according to the different common law and civil law systems. In the end, taking into account the principles of the Constitution and the Italian Constitutional Court’s case law, it critically addresses the current debate on the proposal of a State statute concerning the exercise of the right of religious freedom for individuals and, above all, for denominational groups without an agreement with the State.

SOMMARIO: 1. La “Carta dei valori”: origine - 2. Caratteristiche e struttura - 3. Natura giuridica - 4. Dimensione costituzionale della “Carta dei valori”?

SOMMARIO: 1. La preminenza della dignità sulla libertà - 2. La dignità di chi non conta niente: i migranti - 3. Ci può essere libertà senza dignità? - 4. La luterana libertà del cristiano e la sua secolarizzazione - 5. Un’Europa infedele alla sua ispirazione - 6. Analogia dei conflitti politici odierni con quelli religiosi passati - 7. I migranti, banco di prova per l’Europa e per le Chiese - 8. L’attuale condizione dei migranti - 9. La libertà dignitosa come fonte dell’unità politica europea.

SOMMARIO: 1. Cittadinanza e identità religiosa - 2. Cittadinanza e pluralismo religioso - 3. “Cittadinanza integrativa” e libertà religiosa - 4. La Risoluzione 2076 (2015) e la Raccomandazione 2080 (2015).

Religious Freedom and Integrative Citizenship. Some Notes on 'Living Together' in a Plural Society

ABSTRACT: Circumcision concerns the religious identity of Jews and Muslims. In addition to these circumcisions which can be defined as "confessional-religious" there are also those related to local customs. These types deserve renewed attention after Resolution 1952 (2013) and Recommendation 2023 (2013) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, both concerning "the right of children to physical integrity", and subsequent resolutions 2076 (2015) and Recommendation 2080 (2015) devoted to "(R) Religion and Living together in a Democratic Society". Citizenship is, in fact, the much broader horizon to be found behind circumcision. While the first two documents tend to consider non-therapeutic circumcision as a possible assault to the physical integrity of children without, therefore, focusing on the profiles inherent the right to religious freedom and the possible inclusive value of its "recognition" for the purposes of universal citizenship, the latter two, focusing on the freedom of 'living together' according to the practices of each religion, seem to be more aware of the need to move towards the realization of a European, inclusive and plural citizenship. However, the category of 'living together', evanescent and ambiguous for its correlation with the principle of majority (as is evident from the most recent case law of the ECHR), requires a new approach that gives it greater objectivity. Concepts such as those of pluralism and plural citizenship, in which civic belonging and religious affiliation can live together, help to go in that direction, renewing, in the end, the membership of a Europe of peoples and not just of economies.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Diritto e religione in Marocco: la libertà religiosa nella Costituzione del 2011 - 3. L’apostasia nel diritto islamico: cenni - 4. Il codice penale marocchino e la fatwā del 2013 - 5. Il Consiglio Superiore degli Ulema: prerogative e valenza dei suoi interventi - 6. “La via degli Ulema” (Sabīl al-‘ulamā’) e la rinnovata interpretazione sull’apostasia - 7. Il Marocco e la “via di Marrakech”: un segnale per il futuro?

Freedom of Religion and Freedom from Religion in Morocco: The Interpretative Revision on Apostasy

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes a recent step taken by the Kingdom’s Ulama that distances from the traditional meaning of apostasy and of the penalty given for this offense. According to this document, Murtadd would not be the one who leaves Islam for another religion, but the one who betrays the group he belongs to. Apostasy was therefore political, not doctrinal. In this sense, the document represents an essential progress for the qualification of religious freedom in Morocco (on the same way already indicated by the Marrakesh Declaration).