Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico (Fonti del)

SOMMARIO: 1. La riforma del Terzo settore - 2. Enti ecclesiastici e riforma del Terzo settore - 3. Le condizioni per l’applicazione del regime del Terzo settore agli enti ecclesiastici - 3.1. Il regolamento - 3.2. Il patrimonio destinato - 3.3. La tenuta di scritture contabili separate - 4. Le possibili soluzioni organizzative - 4.1. Il “ramo” dell’ente ecclesiastico - 4.2. Il “gruppo” dell’ente ecclesiastico - 5. Una rete associativa per gli enti del Terzo settore ecclesiastici?

The reform of non-profit organizations and Church bodies: a cost, a risk or an opportunity?

ABSTRACT: While many institutional activities of Church bodies fall within the scope of the recent reform of Italian law on non-profit organizations ("NPOs"), the specific features of Church bodies prevent from a straightforward application of the new regime. Therefore, the Code for the Third Sector and the Act on Social Enterprises allow Church bodies to access the tax exemptions and the other benefits provided to NPOs as far as they comply with a set of conditions aimed at bridging the differences between Church bodies and secular NPOs. The paper (1) discusses in details these conditions, (2) offers a critical evaluation of costs, risks, and opportunities related to the new regime, and (3) suggests possible organizational structures to comply with the current system.

SOMMARIO: 1. Primo quadro: magazzino normativo – 2. - Secondo quadro: analisi storico-giuridica – 3. Terzo quadro: il futuro.

State and religious organisations. The Politics of the sources of law

ABSTRACT: The paper intends to verify if religious freedom in the Italian legal system is undergoing a crisis. In particular, is the concept of religious freedom of the Constituent Assembly still good? Is it necessary to reform the regulation of religious freedom? Similar questions are posed with regard to the current relationship between State and religions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il ruolo di Parlamento e Governo nella modifica del Concordato lateranense e nell’elaborazione delle intese con le confessioni acattoliche - 2. La prassi instaurata per l’iter di stipulazione delle intese - 3. La discrezionalità del Governo all’avvio delle trattative e il caso dell’UAAR - 4. Il concetto di confessione religiosa parte di un’intesa - 5. I limiti e le garanzie costituzionali nell’uso delle intese - 6. Anomalie tra normativa bilaterale e normativa unilaterale: intese-fotocopia e diritto comune “para-pattizio” - 7. La differenza fra le trattative per un’intesa e la negoziazione normativa - 8. La presunta minaccia del fondamentalismo religioso e il senso d’insicurezza instillato a fini politici.

The proceding of agreements on relations between State and religious denominations is restricted between political discretion and alleged insecurity

ABSTRACT: The present essay analyzes the procedure aimed at stipulating agreements on relations between the state and religious denominations considering the new elements introduced by the UAAR case. The Italian Union of Atheists and Agnostics is the protagonist of a long-standing case law case, because the Government has rejected the request for access to negotiations that allow to verify in concrete whether the conditions exist for concluding an agreement pursuant to in the third paragraph of the article 8 of the Constitution

SOMMARIO: 1. Riordino o riforma del Terzo Settore? - 2. Il contributo che possono offrire gli ecclesiasticisti e i canonisti alla riflessione - 3. La traiettoria: dalla legislazione bilaterale sugli enti cattolici al diritto comune sugli enti religiosi - 4. L’art. 20 Cost.: una lettura rinnovata in una prospettiva sistemica - 5. La legge n. 222 del 1985 rimane apripista della legislazione statale in ottica promozionale e pluralista - 6. Intese dello Stato con le confessioni e collegamento/coincidenza tra le attività di religione o di culto e le attività “diverse” - 7. Superamento “di fatto” della specialità della legislazione bilaterale sugli enti religiosi - 8. Alcune osservazioni critiche sul Codice del Terzo Settore - 9. Un diritto comune sugli enti religiosi nell’ottica dell’interesse generale? - 10. Una nuova mission per gli enti cattolici sollecitata dalla Chiesa di Papa Francesco.

The Third Sector Code: arrival point or starting point for the religious bodies’ palingenesis?

ABSTRACT: Adopted on July 2017, the Third Sector Code promotes social groups to guarantee the constitutional principles of pluralism, participation, social solidarity, substantial equality. The essay analyses what are the most important innovations and the critical issues of Third Sector’s reform, in the law and religion’s perspective and in the canon law’s perspective. Indeed, this legal reform raises fundamental questions, involving Third Sector bodies, that are, at the same time, religious bodies, such as the importance to have in our legal system a general law for religious bodies. Furthermore, Pope Francis’ teaching recalls an ethic dimension in the economic activities for the Catholic bodies.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’Islam tra le mura del carcere: le ragioni di un intervento, gli obiettivi del Protocollo - 2. Uno spiraglio di libertà: la fede in regime di detenzione, le garanzie normative e le risposte alla diversità religiosa - 3. Mediatori o ministri di culto? Un ruolo ‘sospeso’ tra definizioni giuridiche e prassi - 4. Visitate i detenuti: La questione dell’ingresso negli istituti detentivi, criticità applicative e novità del Protocollo - 5. Conclusioni.

Granting Islamic religious ministers admission to prisons, amid long-lasting issues and reformation perspectives. The Agreement between the Prison Administration Department and the Islamic Communities Union.

ABSTRACT: As religious diversity in Italian prisons grows, accommodating prisoners’ religious needs tries legal paradigms and instruments out. In 2015 the Prison Administration Department signed an agreement with UCOII, one of the largest Islamic associations in Italy, in order to grant admission in prisons to intercultural mediators and religious ministers. This article seeks to situate the covenant in the wider context of the Italian legal protection of religious freedom in prison, highlighting three main purposes of the agreement: providing Islamic prisoners with religious assistance, enforcing rehabilitative programs and combating violent radicalization in jail. After two years the experience has shown good evidences. Nonetheless, contended issues still remain unsettled. While evaluating feasible solutions, the article advocates a legislative intervention that could assess criteria and procedures for religious ministers’ access to prisons fulfilling the principle of equality and non-discrimination.

SOMMARIO: 1- La qualificazione giuridica è attribuzione costituzionale esclusiva del potere giudiziario - 2. La qualificazione giuridica delle confessioni religiose … - 3. (segue) e il loro diritto all’identità - 4. L’espediente del “doppio binario” - 5. L’insopprimibile garanzia della tutela giurisdizionale dei diritti è (ancora) principio supremo dell’ordinamento costituzionale - 6. Il petitum del ricorso per conflitto di attribuzioni tra poteri dello Stato, e l’obbligo di attenersi al thema decidendum - 7. I poteri del Governo nell’esame dell’istanza di accesso all’intesa - 8. Le improvvide conseguenze dell’avere ritenuto il diniego governativo “atto politico”: dal “pluralismo aperto” al “pluralismo discrezionalmente regolamentato”.

For the protection of their identity, religious minorities should have “a judge and a judgment” at their disposal (again on the judgment of the Constitutional Court no. 52 of 2016)

ABSTRACT: The article links the theme of the legal qualification of an association that calls itself a “religious confession” in order to have relationships with the State, according to the provisions laid down in the third paragraph of art. 8 of the Constitution, with the theme of the right of religious minorities to have an identity. It intends to prove that the document that the government issues in order to deny such a qualification is not a “political action” exempt from the control of the judicial authority, contrary to ruling no. 52 of 2016 of the Constitutional Court. The identity of religious minorities is protected by the guarantees offered by art. 24 of the Constitution, from which the Constitutional Court draws the supreme principle of jurisdictional protection of rights, the foundation of any democratic system, that guarantees to all, for any dispute, “a judge and a judgment”.

SOMMARIO: 1. 1. Nuovi orizzonti - 2. Un caso positivo di secolarizzazione - 3. Codice del Terzo settore e iniziative caritative della comunità ecclesiale - 4. Opportunità aperte da un’alternativa - 5. L’azione caritativa tra diritto speciale e diritto comune.

ABSTRACT: Except for the matter of the clergy sustenance, the current discipline of the Concordat on ecclesiastical institutions is still affected, in spite of everything, by the conditioning deriving from juridical schemes dating back in time, which sacrifice and make precarious their solidarity activities. The fall of the diffidence of the Italian legal system towards the initiatives between the State and the Market, and therefore the recent reform of the Third sector with the enhancement of the non-profit organization’s activities, represent a precious opportunity for the charitable initiatives of the ecclesial communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Crisi e persistenza del modello pattizio. Riscrivere la trama della libertà religiosa in Italia - 3. Una proposta “flessibile” orientata alle differenze e all’interazione - 4. I nuovi confini della libertà religiosa della persona - 5. La libertà di coscienze e di religione del minore - 6. Scuola pubblica, libertà religiosa e “nuovi spazi” di confronto per tutti: quello che serve e quello che la proposta non dice - 7. L’integrazione attraverso il lavoro - 8. Assistenza spirituale e libertà di manifestazione del pensiero - 9. Gli spazi della libertà religiosa e i “luoghi della memoria” - 10. Ministri di culto e non solo - 11. Per una libertà religiosa collettiva veramente democratica: rilievi critici - 12. La società cambia, la legge dello Stato arranca, il matrimonio “canonico” resta - 13. Intese per tutti? - 14. Quello che manca nella proposta di legge – 15. Conclusioni.

Remarks on the Bill Proposal "Norms on Freedom of Conscience and Religion" Made by the Working Group Coordinated by the Astrid Association

ABSTRACT: This contribution is a comment on the draft law on religious freedom proposed by some scholars of the ASTRID Foundation. The law is proposed in the context of a national and European political environment, which is constantly changing and evolving. This analysis is focused on some specific aspects of the proposal, by assessing their limits and their potential offers some theoretical reflections with the aim of contributing to a scholarly and intellectual debate, which should offer arguments, aimed at promoting and protecting fundamental freedoms and rights as envisaged by the Constitution.

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli “enti ecclesiastici” fra legge delega e decreto legislativo - 2. Questioni di nome - 3. Questioni di sostanza - 4. Gli enti ecclesiastici civilmente riconosciuti sono enti del Terzo settore? - 5. Cenni alla disciplina tributaria.

The impact of the new “Third Sector Code” on the regulation of “religious bodies”.

ABSTRACT: Italian Law regulates in a special way “ecclesiastical bodies”, the entities that have been recognized as “legal person” by the Law of the State according to the bilateral agreements signed in conformity with Italian Constitution. Nevertheless, these entities are regulated as well by other laws regarding their “not religious” activities, such as social assistance, education (as schools and universities), health care (as hospitals and retirement communities). On July 2017 has been adopted a new Law on the so called “Third Sector”, that impacts on the current legislation in several points. In this essay, I discuss the legitimacy of the adopted denomination of “religious bodies” instead of “ecclesiastical bodies”, that it is not a mere nominalist issue, because it changes many rules. Then I examine the practical implications related to this new legal expression, wondering if those religious/ecclesiastical bodies are “Third Sector entities”. In my opinion, the answer is negative. In the last paragraph, I address the consequences of the new “Third Sector Code” on tax aspects.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.