SOMMARIO: 1. Parole e toni - 2. La bilateralità dimenticata - 3. L’art. 14 dell’Accordo di Villa Madama preso sul serio - 4. L’uomo non è un’idea.
SOMMARIO: 1. La decretazione senza legge sul coronavirus - 2. Le disposizioni sulla libertà di culto - 3. Il limite della tutela della salute e l’inconferenza delle discipline pattizie - 4. Il bilanciamento delle specifiche misure - 5. Il rapporto laico tra Stato e confessioni religiose: un’icona.
The freedom of worship in coronavirus times
ABSTRACT: The state of emergency by coronavirus drove the italian government to legislate by means of decrees without law, that provided strong limits to constitutional rights as, among others, the freedom of worship. Particularly they banned masses coram populo in the churches and on occasion of funeral service in order to safeguard the health care. This paper aims to demonstrate that the Concordat beetween State and Church, well as the accords with other fellowships, is another matter with regard to a higher collective interest, constitutionally protected, like the halth care. The paper points out, moreover, how the adopted measures are reasonable and proportionate and, finally, the new leadership, respecting the secular order, held in this aspect by the italian Church, following the prints of pope Francis.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Revisionismo storico involontario - 3. Altri tempi - 4. L’art. 5 del Concordato - 5. La vicenda di Ernesto Buonaiuti - 6. La sua intransigenza morale - 7. Passato e presente - 8. Favor religionis - 9. Il sistema delle intese - 10. Il risveglio delle vecchie intolleranze.
1929: Freedom denied
ABSTRACT: This paper turns around the case and the figure of Ernesto Buonaiuti. We would like to show how the Lateran Pacts of 1929 had been signed in an atmosphere in which both sides, fascism and the Catholic Church, denied freedom of conscience.
SOMMARIO: 1. Riflessioni a margine della libertà religiosa con specifico riguardo alle confessioni senza rappresentanza - 2. I disegni di legge sulla libertà religiosa e i rapporti con le confessioni non strutturate o prive di adeguata rappresentanza istituzionale - 3. Le confessioni religiose senza rappresentanza: ulteriori osservazioni e prospettive.
Remarks on religions lacking any adequate institutional representatives in the light of social-ethnic context
ABSTRACT: Because of intense migratory flows today, the coexistence of various religious movement, often very different among them, in our society has increased. This phenomenon is known as ‘religious pluralism’ and it implies that before the law all religions have the right to exist, to preach their own doctrines, to worship, and to gain a recognition of ‘special’ juridical positions. In this background the religious factor is a diriment element and represents the focal point of cultural and juridical debate.
SOMMARIO: 1. Il riconoscimento delle nullità matrimoniali canoniche nel Concordato lateranense - 2. L’efficacia civile delle sentenze ecclesiastiche di nullità matrimoniale nell’Accordo di Villa Madama - 3. Il requisito del mancato contrasto con l’ordine pubblico e l’evoluzione giurisprudenziale in materia: l’introduzione del criterio della buona fede - 4. La distinzione tra incompatibilità assolute e relative - 5. La rilevanza attribuita alla prolungata convivenza coniugale - 6. Le nuove questioni - 7. Considerazioni conclusive.
The exequatur of the judgments of nullity of marriage: jurisprudential orienttions and new issues
ABSTRACT: The study examines the exequatur of the judgments of nullity of marriage, highlighting the orientations of the jurisprudence and the new issues posed by the doctrine in the light of the reform of the canonical marriage process.
SOMMARIO: 1. La personalità di Attilio Nicora, negoziatore, diplomatico, uomo di fede - 2. La formazione culturale, il rigore del metodo, la matrice montiniana - 3. Le lezioni della storia, la laicità, i rapporti tra Stato e Chiesa - 4. Volontà riformatrice, il coraggio dell’innovazione - 5. Le qualità del diplomatico, le sofferenze del Pastore - 6. Le virtù di Attilio Nicora, la sua eredità spirituale e culturale.
SOMMARIO: 1. Pluralismo religioso e luoghi di culto - 2. Gli edifici di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2.1. La normativa unilaterale statale: una tutela plurifunzionale - 2.2. La normativa pattizia, tra garanzia e promozione degli interessi religiosi - 2.3. La legislazione urbanistica e antisismica - 2.4. Apertura e finanziamento degli edifici di culto - 3. I luoghi di culto delle confessioni religiose prive di intesa - 4. La questione dei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.
Religious freedom and places of worship in Italian Law
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the complex legal framework and major issues concerning the churches and other places of worship in Italian legislation, which aims to protect an extraordinary historical and artistic heritage but, in the same time, is marked by an increasing inadequacy in order to meet the needs of new religious communities.
SOMMAIRE: 1. Une prémisse historique sur la Chine en tant que société multi-religieuse - 2. Les dispositions constitutionnelles relatives à la liberté de croyance avant 1982 - 3. La liberté religieuse dans l'actuelle Constitution de 1982 et la législation suivant en la matière - 4. Liberté religieuse et protection des droits de l'homme dans la Chine actuelle.
The free exercise of Religion in People’s Republic of China
ABSTRACT: After some historical reflections on the spread of multiple religious doctrines on the Chinese territory between the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX century, the Author considers the attitude of the central government with respect to the right of religious freedom from the time of the Cultural Revolution to today, paying particular attention to the constitutional and criminal law provisions attached to this issue. It seems clear how the Chinese legal tradition is not based on a balance of interest theory as known in the Western legal systems, given the prevalence of the higher communist principles rooted in time. Last pages are reserved for the systematic violations of human rights reported by numerous international observatories, as well as the ancient grudge between China and the Holy See caused by the question of the appointment and formal recognition of new bishops. The provisional agreement signed on 22 September 2018, while marking a step towards finding a solution to this tensions, doesn’t offer a definitive solution to the problem.
SOMMARIO: Sistemi di classificazione dei rapporti e individuazione degli interlocutori istituzionali delle confessioni religiose - 2. Il “laboratorio” dell’Europa dell’Est come luogo di sperimentazione del pluralismo intra confessionale - 3. La gestione delle relazioni tra Stato e confessioni religiose attraverso gli uffici - 4. I problemi nuovi posti dal moltiplicarsi delle confessioni nei diversi paesi europei - 4.1. L’area baltica - 4.2. (segue) Le Repubbliche russofone - 4.3. (segue) Le Repubbliche dell’Europa Centrale - 4.4. (segue) I Balcani Orientali - 4.5. (segue) I territori della ex Repubblica Jugoslava - 4.6. (segue) Le scelte differenziate delle Repubbliche ex jugoslave in materia di Rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose - 5. La felice anomalia albanese - 6. Un contributo all’elaborazione di linee guida ai rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose in Europa.
Confessions and religious communities in Eastern Europe, religious pluralism and legislative policies of the States
ABSTRACT: The intervention reconstructs the supporting lines of the activity of the national office of each legal system in charge with the maintenance of the relations between the State and the confessions and religious communities in the Eastern European countries. Through this perspective, the ecclesiastical politics of 19 countries is reconstructed, highlighting the genesis and the peculiar characteristics of their legislations and highlighting the underlying lines that are at the root of the choices of their systems. Particular attention is dedicated to the definition of the different models to which the States refer in relation to their effectiveness in maintaining religious peace while respecting the principle of equality and freedom among the various religious confessions. The article aims to be a contribution to the development of guidelines for relations between the state and religious confessions in Europe.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Significatio verborum - 3. Dove ha la propria sede la PUL? - 4. Che rapporto c’è tra la PUL e la Santa Sede? - 5. La docenza universitaria ecclesiastica è funzione ecclesiale? - 6. La Santa Sede si è vista riconoscere in sede internazionale la sua competenza sulle università ecclesiastiche e pontificie? - 7. Inquadramento della materia così ricostruita nella normativa pattizia - 8. Conclusioni.
The Italian judge and the Pontifical Universities: a controversial relationship
ABSTRACT: The article examines the juridical status of the Roman Pontifical Universities and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Cassation regarding employment relationships with institutions dependent on the Holy See.