Contenuti per la categoria: Tutela penale e fattore religioso

SOMMARIO: 1. Sigillum confessionis, secretum, intimitas, segreto, riservatezza, privacy - 2. Nuove questioni alla luce di recenti sviluppi sullo scenario nazionale e mondiale - 3. La disciplina del ‘segreto ministeriale’ in Italia nella normativa unilaterale e in quella bilaterale - 4. Gli interessi tutelati, tra ordinamento canonico e ordinamento italiano - 5. Un problematico arresto della Corte di Cassazione - 6. La lotta alla ‘piaga della pedofilia’ - 7. Le risposte del diritto canonico universale, in particolare l’obbligo di denuncia - 8. Le Linee guida della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana - 9. Incidenze sul tema trattato. La Nota della Penitenzieria Apostolica sull’importanza del foro interno e l’inviolabilità del sigillo sacramentale del 29 giugno 2019 - 10. Le ragioni e le strategie della protezione del segreto ministeriale. La giusta tutela della libertà religiosa.

The safeguard of the sacramental seal and the priest-penitent privilege between Canon law and Secular law

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the interferences between - on one hand - recent developments in Canonical Penal law and in some State laws in order to strengthen the prevention and the repression of child sexual abuse committed by clerics and religious, and - on the other hand - the safeguard of the secrecy of the sacred ministers with regard to the informations that the faithful confide to them precisely because of their quality. In fact, there are currently tendencies in legislation and jurisprudence which tend to compress - if not to deny - the safeguard of the secrecy of such relations, risking to call into question the protection of an extremely important aspect of freedom of conscience and of religion, which is an outcome of a protracted historical evolution that has been safeguarded - at least in Italy - satisfactorily and effectively until now. The aim of the paper is to clarify the reasons underlying the involved juridical institutions, both in Canon law and in State law, in order to suggest solutions which - by preserving and promoting them - conform to justice.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa sul possibile accostamento tra whistleblowing e gli attuali strumenti ecclesiali volti ad assicurare l’emersione degli abusi sessuali del clero - 2. Cenni sulla tipica fattispecie di whistleblowing disciplinata dalla normativa anticorruzione vaticana - 3. Gli errori della gerarchia ecclesiastica nella gestione della crisi degli abusi sessuali del clero sui minori - 4. Il mutamento di approccio al problema e la normativa canonica “emergenziale” degli ultimi anni - 5. Le analogie tra la posizione di soggezione del sacerdote autore della denuncia e quella del whistleblower - 6. La permanente assenza di un obbligo “giuridico”, di fronte al significato del ribadito obbligo “morale”, di denuncia all’autorità giudiziaria statale - 7. Il conflitto tra la rivelazione della notizia di reato e l’obbligo di conservazione del segreto - 8. Rilievi conclusivi.

Italian Regulation of “Whistleblowing” and Reporting of Child Sexual Abuses in the Church

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with new rules of Catholic Church which provide whistleblower protections for all members of clergy who report clergy sexual abuse to the local Ordinary: this conduct shall not constitute a violation of office confidentiality; furthermore, prejudice, retaliation or discrimination as a consequence of having submitted a report is prohibited. On the contrary, new church law doesn’t mandate reporting of sex abuse to police. The essay faces these topics by comparing canon law with Italian regulation on “whistleblowing” as provided for by law n. 179/2017.

SOMMARIO: 1. Brevi considerazioni introduttive - 2. Mutilazioni genitali femminili: una questione anche italiana - 3. Profili risarcitori e misure repressive: il quadro normativo italiano - 4. Art. 583 bis c.p.: riflessioni sulla formulazione della norma - 5. Strategie integrate, approccio globale e multisettoriale nella lotta al fenomeno - 6. Inclusione sociale, sensibilizzazione delle coscienze e metamorfosi delle condotte nella strada maestra della prevenzione - 7. Politiche assistenziali e misure di protezione delle donne a rischio e delle vittime nelle strategie di prevenzione.

FGM between prevention and contrast measures: eradication perspectives of the phenomenon in Italy.

ABSTRACT: FGM includes practices of total or partial cutting or external genital lesions of women for no therapeutic reason. They are carried aut for socio-cultural or hygienic-prophylactic causes. Moreover, these rituals are also practiced by some religious communities despite the lack of impositive precepts in sacred texts. FGM is also widespread in Italy and it is constitute a violation of women’s human rights and child abuse. The Italian State fights the phenomenon with external and internal actions, through strategic measures of prevention, protection and assistance for victims. FGM does not exclude compensation for damage to the health of the women involved. In Italy, a new type of crime has been introduced with the art. 583 bis c.p. However, the rule has not been widely applied. This issue needs to faced up on a global level. Above all, it is necessary to persuade those who follow the practice to be the main actors of their own change.

SOMMARIO: 1. La nuova retorica della sicurezza - 2. Il terrorismo cosiddetto islamista - 3. Il diritto penale preventivo e la libertà religiosa - 4. Deradicalizzazione e/è laicità - 5. Sicurezza e libertà: per un orientamento costituzionale.

Security and Prevention of so-called Islamic Terrorism: Freedom and its discontents

ABSTRACT: Security is becoming the priority of the western politics because of the international terrorism, so called Islamic terrorism. The preventive character that the criminal law takes in order to fight it risks hiting the religious freedom of the citizens, misinterpreted as participation to terroristic groups. The risk is high when the prevention measures consist in the deradicalization, read as religious re-education in unfundamentalist direction. In the constitutional State of law, a fair deradicalization has to aim only to the re-education about the separation between politics and religion so as to not prejudice the right of religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Multicultural societies and conflicts of loyalty: cultural crimes - 2. The Italian reaction to cultural crimes - 3. The case of kirpan: the recent judgment of the Court of Cassation - 4. A questionable decision: the fundamental role of pluralism in Western societies - 5. Conclusions: the centrality of human dignity.

ABSTRACT: Pluralist societies pose new challenges to legal systems, having to find trade-offs between accommodating the necessities of minorities and security concerns. Religions often impose prescriptive rules on the behaviour of their believers, leading to moral internal conflicts when these lead to break State laws. In Italy, this subject was already discussed between legal scholars, before it received large public attention in 2017, where a judgement of the Cassation Court has upheld the conviction of a Sikh indian for withholding a kirpan, a ritual dagger central to his faith. This work provides an overview of the debate raised by the ruling, with particular emphasis on the challenges in devising policies that address security concerns without sacrificing religious freedom and pluralism. The Italian answer to cultural crimes will be analysed in depth, given the distinctive element of positive laicità in 1948 Constitution that characterizes its context. In the conclusion, a possible solution focused on human dignity is suggested.

SOMMARIO: 1. Sometimes They Come Back. Perché i fantasmi dell’intolleranza e del pregiudizio possono sempre riapparire - 2. L’approccio penalistico ai pregiudizi. L’aggravante prevista dall’art. 604-ter c.p. nel quadro degli interventi del legislatore contro gli atti di discriminazione razziale, etnica e religiosa - 3. L’apporto interpretativo della giurisprudenza - 4. Le criticità messe in luce dalla dottrina e il limitato rilievo dei problemi di composizione tra la libertà di manifestazione del pensiero, da un lato, e l’eguaglianza e pari dignità di ogni essere umano, dall’altro - 5. Lo strumento penale di fronte a nuove forme di aggressione della dignità umana: in particolare, lo scopo della repressione e la questione dell’eguaglianza quale bene giuridico oggetto di protezione penale - 6. Notazioni conclusive.

The aggravating circumstance for offences committed with the purpose of discrimination or hatred: how to try to combat prejudices through the penal instrument

ABSTRACT: The article examines the Mancino Law’s Article 3 the provides for a general aggravating circumstance for all offences committed for reasons of ethnic, national, racial or religious discrimination or hatred, or for the purpose of facilitating the activities of an organisation, associations, movement or group pursuing these goals.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La blasphemy law - 3. Un campo di falsa, un sorso d’acqua e il “peccato” contro Asia Bibi - 4. La sentenza della Corte Suprema - 5. Leading case o moral suasion?

“More sinned against than sinning”:  the Pakistan Supreme Court and Asia Bibi case

ABSTRACT:  Asia Bibi case, a Christian woman falsely accused of being a blasphemer, finds her ‘judge in Berlin’ in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The Court does not address the ratio legis of blasphemy law but points out how contrary to the spirit of Islam is the misuse of law for political purposes. The wide international echo of the case makes this SC verdict a possible leading case in theme of presumption of innocence.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. El concepto de educación-enseñanza, vinculado a la libertad religiosa y el pluralismo - 3. El proselitismo o incitación articulada para compartir una opción de vida - 4. El concepto de adoctrinamiento, como conducta lícita e ilícita - 5. Consecuencias jurídicas: la educación y sus parámetros - 6. Consecuencias jurídicas: El proselitismo legítimo y el abusivo o ilícito - 7. Los conflictos del proselitismo en el seno de la familia, según el TEDH - 8. Consecuencias jurídicas: el “adoctrinamiento” en la educación familiar y reglada - 9. El adoctrinamiento en los tipos penales - 10. Conclusiones.

Education, proselytism and indoctrination: profile and legal treatment

ABSTRACT: Nowadays the identity is a big question, and his preservation depends by a great deal on the education, the proselytism and the indoctrination. These three concepts, close and complex, demand a juridical explanation. This study looks for to light up them, in the European and Spanish context, through the legislation and the case-law.

SOMMAIRE: 1. Introduction - 2. Méthodes appliquées dans la recherche et le domaine de la réalité objective et analytique; objet de la recherche - 3. Recherche dans le cadre de la réponse à la question № 1 - 4. Recherche dans le cadre de la réponse à la question № 2 - 4.1. Recherche et l’appréciation de l’image formée et retransmise par le film “Matilda“ de l’Empereur de Russie Nicolas II (Romanov) canonisé par l’Eglise Orthodoxe Russe - 4.2. Recherche et l’appréciation de l’image formée et retransmise par le film “Matilda“ de l’épouse de l’Empereur Nicolas II, Alexandre Féodorovna, canonisée par l’Eglise Orthodoxe Russe - 5. Recherche dans le cadre de la réponse à la question № 3 - 6. Recherche dans le cadre de la réponse à la Question № 4.

About the film “Matilda” in the context of protecting the dignity of believers

ABSTRACT: In 2017, the film «Matilda» caused a strong controversy in Russia. This article is devoted to the study of this film. The authors explore the film in the context of protecting the human dignity and the rights of believers, protecting their religious feelings. Critics of the film "Matilda" indicated that this film represents mockingly offensive images of those persons who are religiously revered by Orthodox Christian believers. The authors of the article check the validity of such critical assessments.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il quadro costituzionale in Pakistan - 3. La tutela del sentimento religioso nel codice penale pakistano - 4. Il quadro costituzionale tedesco - 5. La tutela del sentimento religioso nel codice penale tedesco - 6. Conclusioni.

The delicate constitutional Balance between Freedom of Speech and the Protection of religious Sentiment: comparative Profiles

ABSTRACT: The article focuses on the issue of freedom of speech and freedom of religion from the point of view of two countries with specific legislation in place (Pakistan and Germany). In particular, we will examine the two Constitutions and the two Criminal Law, which proved to have very different ways of expressing their sensitivity and a great attention to the religious sentiment of the population.