Contenuti per la categoria: Tutela penale e fattore religioso

Sommario: 1. Introduzione - 2. La normativa precedente alla Legge n. VIII - 3. Il Titolo II della Legge n. VIII del 2013 - 4. I provvedimenti del 26 marzo 2019 - 5. Conclusioni.

The protection of minors in the Vatican legal system

ABSTRACT: In recent decades, the sensitivity of public opinion and governments on the subject has increased considerably, new and more restrictive rules have been issued all over the world regarding the protection of minors and the most vulnerable people. Even the Vatican City State has proceeded to integrate its own legal system integrating it with specific new crimes that now allow to offer complete protection of the victims. The contribution analyzes the rules in the penal code and those recently introduced in 2013 and 2019, trying to give an overview of the various measures taken.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Secolarizzazione e diritto canonico. - 3. Processo di secolarizzazione e Chiesa cattolica in Europa - 4. Il diritto canonico nell’età secolare: tendenze e sfide - 5. Modelli recenti di secolarizzazione del diritto canonico - 6. La codificazione - 7. Una Costituzione per la Chiesa: il progetto di Lex Ecclesiae Fundamentalis - 8. Il dibattito sui diritti fondamentali del fedele e la loro tutela - 9. Limiti del diritto canonico e suo rapporto con gli ordinamenti secolari - 10. Gli abusi sessuali del clero sui minori - 11. La gestione economica degli enti ecclesiastici - 12. Osservazioni conclusive.

Canon Law in the Secular Age

ABSTRACT: The essay deals with the relationship between the historical process of secularisation and the Roman Catholic Church’s Canon Law. After some preliminary remarks on the concept of secularisation related to Canon Law, it identifies and examines some recent examples or models of secularisation affecting the historical development of Canon Law: the Codification of Canon Law, the proposal of a canonical Constitution of the Church, and the debate concerning the fundamental Rights of the Christian Faithful. In the end, the author focuses on the limits of Canon Law and its relationship with secular legal systems in the current age.

SOMMARIO: 1. Costituzione, neutralità e cooperazione - 2. La nomina degli arcivescovi, vescovi e coadiutori - 3. Nomina del vicariato militare - 4. Notifica della denuncia di azioni criminali - 5. Autonomia della Chiesa e diritti fondamentali dei suoi fedeli - 6. Assistenza religiosa - 7. Insegnamento della religione cattolica - 8. Creazione e gestione delle università cattoliche - 9. Finanziamento sulla base dell’IRPEF - 10. Finanziamento indiretto - 11. Alcune conclusioni.

Agreements between Spain and the Holy See. Doubts about their constitutionality and need for change

ABSTRACT: The Agreements between Spain and the Holy See were signed forty years ago, and there are still doubts about their constitutionality. This paper studies the main topics related to the agreements from the constitutional perspective: the participation of the head of the State in the appointment of bishops (particularly the Military Vicar General); the teaching of the Catholic religion in the public school; the Catholic military chaplains in the armed forces; or the public financing of the Catholic Church through the personal income tax. Finally, the paper analyzes the agreements as a technique of cooperation between the State and the Catholic Church.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa di metodo - 2. Giustizia limiti e sacralità del “fine vita” - 3. Tra indisponibilità della vita e diritto di autodeterminazione individuale. La prospettiva della Corte EDU … - 4. … e le prudenti soluzioni del diritto italiano tra leggi e prassi giurisprudenziale - 5. Considerazioni conclusive: esiste la libertà di congedarsi dal mondo?

The experience of pain and the reasons for hope. Reflections on the end of life of postmodern man

ABSTRACT: The surprising development of biotechnology, new knowledge and unprecedented possibilities of intervention on human beings, have strongly affected the natural events of being born and dying, bringing out new rights and new instances of protection, aimed at ensuring respect for individual self-determination and human dignity in the face of the increasingly pressing intrusiveness of science and technology. Nonetheless, these possibilities offered by science may, for some, not coincide with the ideal conception of life and human dignity, since these are interventions capable of prolonging survival in often very critical conditions, not always adequate to guarantee a life worth living. At this point, the question is whether there is a way to pursue a harmonious composition between the concepts of life and human dignity, in the extreme variety of cases where there is a question of their protection, especially with regard to end-of-life issues.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Brevi cenni all’impianto del Codice Rocco - 3. La novella del 2006 e la tutela delle confessioni religiose - 4. La giurisprudenza successiva alla novella: il caso Oliviero Toscani.

The protection of religious confessions under current criminal law: the Oliviero Toscani case

ABSTRACT: By the law n 85/2006 the Italian legislator modified criminal law provisions intended to protect collective religious feelings (art 402-406 criminal law code). In particular the new law has not confirmed old art 402 of the criminal law code, which provided for the generic crime of blasphemy. Insofar as the latter crime was characterised for its broad definition and scope, it raised serious questions of consistency with Art 21 of the Italian Constitution. However, the modifications introduced with law 85/2006 have been interpreted so leniently in subsequent case law that the old art 402 has been re-introduced as a matter of fact.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La procedura costituzionale - 3. Il diritto penale - 4. I principî: a) la dignità … - 5. (segue) b) la coscienza … - 6. (segue) c) la separazione (ovvero la laicità).

Presented uncostitutionality and justifiable assisted suicide: innovations in continuity

ABSTRACT: For the first time the Italian Constitutional Court adopted a double ruling (anticipatory the one, deciding the other) in the same judicial review. And for the first time also elaborated the circumstances of a justifiable (doctor-) assisted suicide, that so far was in any case a crime. They are two outstanding jurisprudential innovations, however the aim of the Author is to demonstrate that they are not in break but in continuity with the decision techniques of the Court, on one hand, and the leading cases on the topic of criminal justifications, on the other hand. Particularly the concept of subjective dignity, that according to the Court is the reason behind the decision of the patient, is recurring in the precedents of the Court of Cassation. Generally, moreover, the concepts of conscience, life and death prevail on this matter, neverthless are differently interpreted according to an ethic, specially religious, perspective or a secular, specially state, perspective. The merit of the decision consists precisely of the separatist, secular planning between ethics and law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli approdi normativi nella tutela contro le offese al sentimento religioso - 2. I persistenti dubbi di compatibilità con la libertà di espressione e con il principio di legalità in materia penale - 3. La centralità del nesso strumentale tra il vilipendio di persone o di cose e l’offesa alla confessione religiosa - 4. Il bene giuridico protetto e la questione dell’ammissibilità della protezione dei fatti di sentimento legati alla sfera religiosa - 5. Il permanente ricorso allo strumento penale tra (dubbia) adeguatezza della sanzione e carattere (prevalentemente) simbolico della repressione.

The “new” appearance of crimes against religious sentiment in the framework of the so-called “crimes of opinion”

ABSTRACT: This paper provides a critical analysis of the main issues raised by the crimes against religious sentiment (Articles 403-405 and 724 of the Italian Criminal Code). In particular, an analysis was made as to whether these crimes are consistent with the freedom of expression and with the principle of legality in criminal matters. Furthermore, it is investigated the issue related to the admissibility itself of a criminal protection referred to religious feelings, according to the constitutional principles.

SOMMARIO: 1. Sigillum confessionis, secretum, intimitas, segreto, riservatezza, privacy - 2. Nuove questioni alla luce di recenti sviluppi sullo scenario nazionale e mondiale - 3. La disciplina del ‘segreto ministeriale’ in Italia nella normativa unilaterale e in quella bilaterale - 4. Gli interessi tutelati, tra ordinamento canonico e ordinamento italiano - 5. Un problematico arresto della Corte di Cassazione - 6. La lotta alla ‘piaga della pedofilia’ - 7. Le risposte del diritto canonico universale, in particolare l’obbligo di denuncia - 8. Le Linee guida della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana - 9. Incidenze sul tema trattato. La Nota della Penitenzieria Apostolica sull’importanza del foro interno e l’inviolabilità del sigillo sacramentale del 29 giugno 2019 - 10. Le ragioni e le strategie della protezione del segreto ministeriale. La giusta tutela della libertà religiosa.

The safeguard of the sacramental seal and the priest-penitent privilege between Canon law and Secular law

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the interferences between - on one hand - recent developments in Canonical Penal law and in some State laws in order to strengthen the prevention and the repression of child sexual abuse committed by clerics and religious, and - on the other hand - the safeguard of the secrecy of the sacred ministers with regard to the informations that the faithful confide to them precisely because of their quality. In fact, there are currently tendencies in legislation and jurisprudence which tend to compress - if not to deny - the safeguard of the secrecy of such relations, risking to call into question the protection of an extremely important aspect of freedom of conscience and of religion, which is an outcome of a protracted historical evolution that has been safeguarded - at least in Italy - satisfactorily and effectively until now. The aim of the paper is to clarify the reasons underlying the involved juridical institutions, both in Canon law and in State law, in order to suggest solutions which - by preserving and promoting them - conform to justice.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa sul possibile accostamento tra whistleblowing e gli attuali strumenti ecclesiali volti ad assicurare l’emersione degli abusi sessuali del clero - 2. Cenni sulla tipica fattispecie di whistleblowing disciplinata dalla normativa anticorruzione vaticana - 3. Gli errori della gerarchia ecclesiastica nella gestione della crisi degli abusi sessuali del clero sui minori - 4. Il mutamento di approccio al problema e la normativa canonica “emergenziale” degli ultimi anni - 5. Le analogie tra la posizione di soggezione del sacerdote autore della denuncia e quella del whistleblower - 6. La permanente assenza di un obbligo “giuridico”, di fronte al significato del ribadito obbligo “morale”, di denuncia all’autorità giudiziaria statale - 7. Il conflitto tra la rivelazione della notizia di reato e l’obbligo di conservazione del segreto - 8. Rilievi conclusivi.

Italian Regulation of “Whistleblowing” and Reporting of Child Sexual Abuses in the Church

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with new rules of Catholic Church which provide whistleblower protections for all members of clergy who report clergy sexual abuse to the local Ordinary: this conduct shall not constitute a violation of office confidentiality; furthermore, prejudice, retaliation or discrimination as a consequence of having submitted a report is prohibited. On the contrary, new church law doesn’t mandate reporting of sex abuse to police. The essay faces these topics by comparing canon law with Italian regulation on “whistleblowing” as provided for by law n. 179/2017.

SOMMARIO: 1. Brevi considerazioni introduttive - 2. Mutilazioni genitali femminili: una questione anche italiana - 3. Profili risarcitori e misure repressive: il quadro normativo italiano - 4. Art. 583 bis c.p.: riflessioni sulla formulazione della norma - 5. Strategie integrate, approccio globale e multisettoriale nella lotta al fenomeno - 6. Inclusione sociale, sensibilizzazione delle coscienze e metamorfosi delle condotte nella strada maestra della prevenzione - 7. Politiche assistenziali e misure di protezione delle donne a rischio e delle vittime nelle strategie di prevenzione.

FGM between prevention and contrast measures: eradication perspectives of the phenomenon in Italy.

ABSTRACT: FGM includes practices of total or partial cutting or external genital lesions of women for no therapeutic reason. They are carried aut for socio-cultural or hygienic-prophylactic causes. Moreover, these rituals are also practiced by some religious communities despite the lack of impositive precepts in sacred texts. FGM is also widespread in Italy and it is constitute a violation of women’s human rights and child abuse. The Italian State fights the phenomenon with external and internal actions, through strategic measures of prevention, protection and assistance for victims. FGM does not exclude compensation for damage to the health of the women involved. In Italy, a new type of crime has been introduced with the art. 583 bis c.p. However, the rule has not been widely applied. This issue needs to faced up on a global level. Above all, it is necessary to persuade those who follow the practice to be the main actors of their own change.