Contenuti per la categoria: Tutela penale e fattore religioso

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L’iter procedurale del giudizio di ammissibilità costituzionale dei referendum abrogativi - 3. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale che ha dichiarato non ammissibile il referendum abrogativo sull’art. 579 c.p. (‘Omicidio del consenziente’) - 4. Le buone ragioni della prudente decisione assunta dai Giudici costituzionali - 5. Conclusioni.

Decision-making autonomy of the person in situations of vulnerability, weakness and limited rationality: initial reflections on the sidelines of sentence no. 50 of 15 February 2022 of the Constitutional Court

ABSTRACT: The Authors, starting with the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court which found the referendum to abrogate art. 579 c.p. (Murder of the consenting party), address, in a practical perspective, the question of the decision-making autonomy of the person in situations of vulnerability, weakness and limited rationality. Of the referendum question, they underline its cloudiness and ambivalence before analyzing the strengths of the decision that has finally given prominence to the many situations of fragility and vulnerability of the person not always and only due to the existence of an infirmity of mind. With all the practical consequences that derive from it for the care professionals to whom these people ask not only respect but rigorous guarantees of public protection.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Il caso oggetto delle sentenze in commento - 3. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili: notazioni socio-antropologiche - 4. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili come esempio paradigmatico di reato culturalmente motivato - 5. I riflessi sulla tipicità - 6. I riflessi sull’antigiuridicità: il consenso dell’avente diritto - 7. segue: l’esercizio di un diritto - 8. I riflessi sulla colpevolezza: l’oggetto del dolo - 9. segue: la conoscibilità del precetto - 10. La dosimetria sanzionatoria - 11. Considerazioni conclusive - Bibliografia - Appendice.

Cultural crimes and ignorantia legis: about the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione as regards female genital mutilation

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione about female genital mutilation. After the sociological and anthropological analysis of the causes of female genital mutilation, deals with the evolution of Italian criminal law against this cultural crime. In particular, the essay underlines the relation between culture and the main elements of crimes, investigating necessary adaptments of theoretical reconstructions to female genital mutilation and others cultural crimes too.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Esperienze normative - 3. Nello spazio giuridico europeo e internazionale - 4. Valida e inefficace - 5. Una ragionevole normativa penale - 6. Rigidità e flessibilità - 7. Fondati timori - 8. Us and Them - 9. Le culture tra eguaglianza e differenze – 10. Conclusioni.

Cultural Defenses between Monoculturalism and Multiculturalism

ABSTRACT: In an increasingly globalized world, individuals and groups are seeking to have their own culture respected, maintaining their cultural diversity in the face of growing globalization. These claims are connected with the formal conceptions of the principle of equality, which often produces substantial and discriminatory inequalities. This situation becomes even more complicated when related to the specific field of criminal law concerning cultural defenses. The author analyses the different approaches to cultural defenses, those oscillating from multiculturalism to monoculturalism, taking into account the Italian and European-international legal context.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il caso - 3. L’iter processuale e gli argomenti. Materialità del fatto ed ermeneutica antropologica - 4. Un nuovo tassello nella cultural expertise: lo strumento della “audizione etnica” (escuta étnica) - 5. Il pluralismo giuridico dialogico e l’affidamento della sanzione alla comunità guaranì - 6. Il ruolo del giudice di fronte a pratiche culturali patriarcali - 7. Dal Brasile all’Europa: spunti di riflessione sui rapporti sessuali di infra-quattordicenni nel matrimonio rom e nella cultura italiana.

Culturally motivated crimes in Brazil: the case of rape/non-rape among the Guaranì Indians (with remarks on Roma early marriages) *

ABSTRACT: This article describes a culturally motivated crime that came to the attention of a Brazilian court: sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of fourteen in a Guaranì group, indios from the Mata Atlantica. The judge acquitted the accused taking into account the fact that in the Guaranì society a woman becomes an adult with menarche and that sexual initiation is widespread in this culture. The accused had violated the protocol of this initiation, for which he will be sanctioned according to the norms of Guaranì law. The Brazilian case allows for a series of observations on the debate on Roma early marriages that is taking place in Europe, and on the different treatment between sex acts in this context and sex acts between minors under fourteen years old and other teenagers in the majority cultures of Europe.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Parental authority and the inherent rights of the minor. The best interests of the minor - 2.1. Conflicting rights. The current understanding of parental authority - 2.2. Limits to parental authority. Personality rights - 2.3. The minor’s consent in surgical procedures - 2.4. Circumcision and the best interests of the minor. An act which falls within parental authority? - 3. Criminal responsibility in acts of circumcision for religious motives - 3.1. The criminal approximation to female genital mutilation - 3.2. Circumcision in criminal jurisprudence - 4. Concluding remarks. De iure condendo contributions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Panizza, un suddito infedele - 2. Scalpori e processi - 3. La pietra dello scandalo - 4. Un “teologo [...] eretico pittore di immagini sacre” - 5. Una scelta [quasi] obbligata - 6. Una foresta di simboli performativi - 7. Ordine religioso e ordine politico: l’ecosistema del processo - 8. Un “martire” a processo - 9. Martedì 30 aprile 1895, ore 19: la condanna - 10. Panizza sulla censura - 11. Morale religiosa come morale sessuale - 12. Manicomio, prigione, fuga - 13. “Un uomo fuori dal mondo”: ontologia di un blasfemo - 14. Istituzioni che succhiano il sangue.

The broken mirror of Liebeskonzil: a case of blasphemy in the Wilhelminian Empire

ABSTRACT: In 1895, due to the publication of the play Liebeskonzil, the writer Oskar Panizza was sentenced to one year imprisonment for blasphemy. Starting with such exemplary conviction, the essay reconstructs some aspects of the writer's existential and creative path, treating his vitriolic satires of religion as an access key to the political and social situation during the Wilhelminian Empire, where press laws and targeted use of crimes such as lèse majesté, obscenity and profanity, highlight the tenacity of Government, right-wing parties and Catholic Centre Party in pursuing the common purpose of silencing the opponents of the status quo.

1 - Sul giornale “il manifesto” del 4 novembre scorso compariva una vignetta raffigurante un coltello da cucina piantato a 60-70 gradi sull’orizzonte con la scritta “terrorismo - la curva sale”. Come quella dei contagiati dalla pandemia, a salire era anche la curva degli attentati terroristici. L’ultimo, e più devastante con quattro persone uccise e altre ventidue ferite, era avvenuto poco più di ventiquattr’ore prima, il 2 novembre, a Vienna ma neppure una settimana prima, il 29 ottobre, s’era registrato l’assassinio del sacrista e di due donne colpevoli di pregare nella cattedrale di Nizza, che aveva fatto seguito a quello del professore Samuel Paty il 16 ottobre nella regione di Parigi. L’efferata sequenza Parigi - Nizza - Vienna nel giro di due settimane confermava che il terrorismo sedicente di ispirazione religiosa non conosce sospensioni temporali neppure nell’anno del coronavirus ed è capace di operare ovunque in Europa. (segue)

The Resilience of the Secularism in front of the so-called Islamic Terrorism

ABSTRACT – The latest attacks by so called islamic terrorism in Europe highlighted the existence of severe  investigative and pre-emptive shortcomings.  However the bills France and Austria are debating about plan to counter a misleading “radical Islam” or “politic Islam” with rules that end up compressing the freedom of worship  of the Muslims. Against the separatisms, permeable by the terrorist narrative, the public space, that promotes the living together, remains the place of de-radicalization and resilience of the secularism.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’estensione degli artt. 604-bis e 604-ter del codice penale - 2. La disciplina attualmente in vigore - 3. La mancanza di determinatezza di alcune fattispecie previste nel Testo unificato - 4. Il fine di sanzionare la violenza e altri fatti criminosi - 5. Il fine di prevenire la violenza, le manifestazioni di un pensiero discriminatorio e la discriminazione come tale - 6. Sull’equilibrio tra libertà ed eguaglianza.

The Ends Do Not Justify the Means. Considerations on The Bill on “Violence or Discrimination on Grounds of Gender or Sexual Orientation”

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the legislative proposal on “violence or discrimination on grounds of gender or sexual orientation” currently under examination by the Italian Parliament. It exposes how, according to the bill, three types of behaviour would be punished under penal law: violent acts or incitements to violence, discriminatory acts, expression of discriminatory thoughts. The author shows why the new law would infringe the Italian Constitution in so far as it forbids the expression of ideas or punishes acts that have no link with violence. This would contrast with several fundamental freedoms such as the freedoms of expression, of assembly and of religion.

SOMMARIO: 1. La figura del “reato culturalmente motivato” e l’idea di multiculturalismo - 2. L’eterogeneità della categoria dei reati culturalmente motivati. Il principio di offensività come canone ermeneutico e veicolo di un approccio interdisciplinare - 3. Il “porto” del kirpan: l’approccio ‘fonografico’ del giudice di legittimità nell’ordinamento italiano - 4. La reasonable accomodation nell’interpretazione pluralista della Corte Suprema Canadese attraverso il caso Multani. Spunti per una comparazione - 5. L’„accomodation” alla prova del paradigma sicuritario. La vicenda del riconoscimento della personalità giuridica della comunità sikh in Italia.

Rethinking the antinomy of the cultural offence. Hypotheses from a legal-philosophical perspective

ABSTRACT: The essay is intends to problematize the epistemological perspective which, in the Italian system, upholds the judicial interpretation related to the cases that can be ascribed to the category of the so-called cultural offence. In this regard, t he article is focused on the case-law concerning the religious practices of the sikh believer and on the legal recognition affair of Sikhism in Italy, identifying this empirical field as a privileged observatory. The topic of the analysis, through the Canadian approach, makes it possible to assess the canons of the prevailing hermeneutics in matter and to envisage hypotheses toward a rethinking of the theoretical assumptions underlying the criminal law enforcement, especially considering non offensive conduct of a religious nature.

SOMMARIO: 1. Ironia 2.0: la vignetta in tempo di pandemia - 2. Satira vs libertà religiosa? - 3. Gioia e umorismo virtù anche cristiane - 4. Nota conclusiva.

Smiling and laughing during pandemic time

ABSTRACT: Are smiling and laughing ethically acceptable in times of Covid-Crisis? The paper tries to suggest an answer by taking into account a selection of comic strips posted on the WEB during the pandemic. The issue is addressed through two major points of view: the balance between the freedom of religion and the freedom of expression and the (possible) expressions of humor in the religious - particularly in the Catholic - tradition.