Contenuti per la categoria: Libertà di coscienza e di religione, individuale e collettiva

1 - Sul giornale “il manifesto” del 4 novembre scorso compariva una vignetta raffigurante un coltello da cucina piantato a 60-70 gradi sull’orizzonte con la scritta “terrorismo - la curva sale”. Come quella dei contagiati dalla pandemia, a salire era anche la curva degli attentati terroristici. L’ultimo, e più devastante con quattro persone uccise e altre ventidue ferite, era avvenuto poco più di ventiquattr’ore prima, il 2 novembre, a Vienna ma neppure una settimana prima, il 29 ottobre, s’era registrato l’assassinio del sacrista e di due donne colpevoli di pregare nella cattedrale di Nizza, che aveva fatto seguito a quello del professore Samuel Paty il 16 ottobre nella regione di Parigi. L’efferata sequenza Parigi - Nizza - Vienna nel giro di due settimane confermava che il terrorismo sedicente di ispirazione religiosa non conosce sospensioni temporali neppure nell’anno del coronavirus ed è capace di operare ovunque in Europa. (segue)

The Resilience of the Secularism in front of the so-called Islamic Terrorism

ABSTRACT – The latest attacks by so called islamic terrorism in Europe highlighted the existence of severe  investigative and pre-emptive shortcomings.  However the bills France and Austria are debating about plan to counter a misleading “radical Islam” or “politic Islam” with rules that end up compressing the freedom of worship  of the Muslims. Against the separatisms, permeable by the terrorist narrative, the public space, that promotes the living together, remains the place of de-radicalization and resilience of the secularism.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il dilemma etico ai tempi della pandemia da Covid-19 -2. Le Raccomandazioni di etica clinica della SIIARTI del 6 marzo 2020 - 3. I criteri selettivi di accesso ai reparti di terapia intensiva in Svizzera, Quebec (Canada) e Alabama (USA) - 4. Triage in emergenza pandemica. Possibile contrasto di alcuni criteri selettivi con i valori religiosi ed etici del personale sanitario -5. Emergenza sanitaria e “clausola di coscienza” in Italia.

Science and conscience at the time of the Covid-19 health emergency

ABASTRACT: The Covid-19 pandemic crisis and the saturation of the intensive care wards have made it necessary to prepare patient selection criteria in case of lack of available places. The spread of various "selective criteria", in different regulatory realities, starting in Italy from the Ethical Recommendations of the SIIARTI (Italian Society of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care) of March 6, 2020, as well as for reasons of distributive justice and appropriate allocation of limited health resources, was also necessary to relieve medical staff from part of the responsibility in the choices to be made, sometimes particularly onerous. The rationale behind the "medicine of catastrophes" documents, however, may conflict with the ethical values of medical personnel, undoubtedly capable of influencing their professional choices. The present contribution aims to verify the configurability of a space within which to give prominence, even in emergency conditions, to the ethical-religious beliefs of health personnel, in accordance with the rules of medical and nursing ethics that allow the individual operator to invoke the "conscience clause" to justify the refusal of services considered contrary to their conscience or their technical-scientific beliefs, even in cases not recognized by laws that expressly provide for "conscientious objection".

SOMMARIO: 1. Dai cittadini alle persone: la rivoluzione dell’ospitalità del diritto - 2. Le democrazie costituzionali e l’UE: il progetto di una sovranità ospitale - 3. L’ospite nel diritto cosmopolita: i confini del diritto di ospitalità - 4. Dall’ospitalità alla cittadinanza plurale: l’ospite musulmano e il diritto di libertà religiosa come ospitalità.

The hospitality of the right or the arduous journey of human dignity

ABSTRACT: The paper, starting from the idea of law as a producer and, at the same time, an expression of the hospitality of a political community investigates the progressive opening of state legal systems to the "stranger" in the age following the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The paper highlights the difficulty in the implementation of an effective multi-level protection of fundamental rights and the resilience of the ancient paradigms of Westphalian sovereignty. In conclusion, the role of the right to religious freedom is underlined as the right to hospitality for the stable construction of multicultural and multireligious societies.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Régimen jurídico-constitutivo de iglesias, confesiones y comunidades religiosas - 2.1. La legislación específica de iglesias, confesiones y comunidades religiosas - 2.2. ¿Es de aplicación a las entidades religiosas ‘mayores’ la denominada garantía común asociativa? - 3. Régimen jurídico-constitutivo de asociaciones religiosas - 3.1. Antecedentes - 3.2. Problemática jurídica que plantea esta doble regulación normativa - 3.2.1. ¿Qué diferencias existen entre estos dos regímenes jurídicos, aptos en sus respectivos ámbitos de aplicación, en la regulación y constancia registral del fenómeno asociativo-religioso? - 3.2.2. ¿Resulta ajustado a Derecho este régimen diferenciado, o se constituye en inconstitucional por causante de discriminación? - 3.2.3. ¿Es necesario este doble y distinto régimen jurídico-asociativo? - 4. Epílogo.

Associations in the framework of state legal personality of religious organisations in Spain

ABSTRACT: The community dimension of religious freedom entails the existence of Churches, Denominations and Religious communities.  This paper addresses the issue of whether these entities are applied the common associative guarantee of Article 22 of the Spanish Constitution and, if applicable, the Organic Law on the right of association. The conclusion reached is that religious denominations are not legally considered associations of constitutional relevance. The paper also tackles the scope of application of this Organic Law on the right of association to religious ‘associations’ per se. The study notes they have a different legal regime, due to them being subject to this Law exclusively or to the Organic Law on religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Giurisprudenza e dottrina prima della sentenza - 2. La sentenza: l’insegnamento di religione cattolica e la laicità - 3. Benefici e costi del “nuovo” principio supremo - 4. La quiete dopo la sentenza - 5. Lo “sgonfiamento” del principio supremo - 6. La recezione della laicità.

Thirty years of Secularism (rereading Italian Constitutional Court 1989/203 and the subsequent Constitutional Jurisprudence)

ABSTRACT: The paper rereads at a distance of thirty years the italian leading case about the secularism and findes its underutilization as highest principle, in favour of the “ordinary” principles of equality and freedom of religion, and its not large, at times unnamed, reception in the jurisprudence.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. 1990-2020: trent’anni di progetti per una legge generale sulla libertà religiosa - 3. Norme sulla libertà religiosa e laicità: indicazioni per un’indagine - 4. Quale laicità nei progetti di legge? - 5. Le leggi sulla laicità: alcuni esempi, molte suggestioni, qualche dubbio - 6 Nessuna nuova. Cattiva nuova.

Secularism and drafts law on Religious Freedom

ABSTRACT: This paper focuses the attention on the drafts law on Religious Freedom and aims to examine the links between Secularism and Freedom of Religion.

SOMMARIO: 1. Preludio: l’idea francese di una proposta di legge contro i “separatismi” - 2. I termini della questione concernente l’introduzione del divieto di rilascio dei certificat de verginité e del dibattito che ne è scaturito - 3. La presa di posizione dell’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità sui test di verginità - 4. Intermezzo: verginità e ordine pubblico nella vicenda giudiziaria dei coniugi di Lille - 5. Epilogo: la verginità tra libero consenso matrimoniale, potere certificativo del medico e valori irrinunciabili per il vivere insieme.

The hidden virtues of laïcité. About certificates of virginity and some related topics

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study was to examine the announced France’s draft bill to prohibit the issue of certificates of virginity. To do so, we first reconstructed the terms of the current debate provoked by the bill. Then, we examined the recent WHO statement which establishes that States should develop plans of action to encourage the elimination of the practice of so-called virginity testing. Finally, we illustrated the advantages and the risks of any solely restrictive approach in this matter.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Il frammentato quadro normativo in materia di LGBT rights - 3. Il caso Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia - 4. L’impatto della pronunzia Bostock sulle istituzioni religiose - 5. La tutela offerta dal Title VII all’esercizio della libertà religiosa - 6. La Section 702(a) del Title VII e le questioni interpretative irrisolte - 7. Nuove letture giurisprudenziali della Section 702(a) - 8. L’interazione fra esenzioni religiose ex Section 702(a) e sex discrimination: possibili futuri scenari alla luce del caso Bostock - 9. La specificità delle istituzioni impegnate nel settore dell’istruzione - 10. La ministerial exception e i limiti della sua applicabilità - 11. Il RFRA - 12. I rischi derivanti da un utilizzo over-expansive del RFRA - 13. La Free Exercise Clause - 14. Le vie percorribili per recepire nuove prospettive valoriali - 15. Il mancato intervento del Congresso - 16. Principio di non discriminazione ed esercizio della libertà religiosa: un binomio incompatibile? - 17. L’esempio della legislazione sui same-sex marriages - 18. La tutela dell’istituzionalismo religioso e i suoi “ragionevoli” limiti - 19. Conclusioni.

The interplay between religious exemptions and LGBT rights in the workplace: new judicial trajectories at the crossroads of plural narratives

ABSTRACT: A recent U.S. Supreme Court judgement found that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act covers discriminations founded on gender identity and sexual orientation. The present paper analyses the effect of this judgement on the exercise of religious freedom of faith-based organizations and investigates the possibility of finding ways to reconcile competing interests.

SOMMARIO: 1. Sviluppo tecnologico, internet e dinamiche interculturali - 2. I nuovi mezzi di comunicazione sociale nel magistero della Chiesa cattolica - 3. Strategie confessionali e prospettive interculturali: il caso delle app religiose - 4. Il download di una app tra tutela della privacy e sicurezza sociale.

Internet, Cultures, Religions. Some insights for an intercultural web.

ABSTRACT: The article aims to investigate the relationship between the Internet and religions. Technological evolution has produced important consequences on society and relationships between people, also involving religious denominations. The latter have defined new ways of professing and excercizing their belief: creation of Christian communities on line, Internet as window of knowledge of monastic life or proselytizing tools, propaganda through religious videogames, app for smartphones and tablets. Such tools can contribute to the formation of an intercultural web. The use of the Internet and of modern technologies questions jurists about the protection of sensitive data of religious interest and of social security. Downloading an app on smatphones and tablets allows the provider to access even the user’s sensitive data, including their religious affiliation. This requires the intervention of Italian Data Protection Authority, whose task is to check whether the processing of sensitive data is carried out in compliance with the applicable regulations. The improper use of the Internet can also involve the protection of social security, through the denigration of a particularly weak social group and as a tool of spreading and inciting hatred (hate speech). The legislator is therefore called upon to define the sanctioning capacity of the existing legal systems.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Libertà di culto e pandemia - 3. Logica deontica e bilancia costituzionale - 4. Le critiche agli interventi governativi - 5. Logica giuscostituzionale - 6. Libertas ecclesiae e pandemia - 7. Conclusioni e prospettive.

Constitution and Religion in Italy in a Time of Pandemic

ABSTRACT: In the first half of 2020, in Italy the coronavirus (Covid-19) has spread quickly, putting the country in an unprecedented emergency. From here stemmed the Government’s measures, which were (and are) without parallel in the history of the Italian State. These measures have led to an animated debate, especially when associated to the limitations imposed on the public liturgical life of the Catholic Church. That was also incorporated into the discussion concerning the long-standing principle-method of bilateralism, as established in Articles 7.2 and 8.3 of the Italian Constitution. With this article the Author analyses this debate in the light of the constitutional duty to protect human health, in the individual and collective sense of the terms.