SOMMARIO: 1. Avant propos – 2. Le concept de l’objection de conscience – 3. L’objection de conscience dans la modernité – 4. L’objection comme témoignage.

ABSTRACT – In pluralistic societies there’s a very strong conflict between legal universalism and moral particularism. In this context, the conscientious objection tends to change its meaning: it is no longer the opposition to a specific rule, but it becomes a form of a radical opposition to the law. This paper, with an analysis of the objection, its forms and its meaning, tries to show how it should be again a chance to witness the truth. This possibility, which is essential for religious people, should be pursued regardless of any legal recognition.