Contenuti per la categoria: Santa Sede e Curia romana

The Institutions of Justice in “Praedicate Evangelium” *

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the novelties that the new constitution on the Roman Curia “Praedicate Evangelium” has introduced in the regulation of the tribunals of justice of the Apostolic See. The change of name, the order in which they are regulated, the competencies assigned to them, their independence, among others, are the topics treated here, as well as some consequences that derive from them.

Resumen: 1. Organismos de justicia: orden de presentación y significado del nuevo título - 2. Los organismos de justicia como instituciones curiales - 3. La misión de los organismos de justicia - 4. Organismos ordinarios de justicia independientes entre sí - 5. La Penitenciaría Apostólica - 6. La Signatura Apostólica - 7. La Rota Romana - 8. Conclusión - Bibliografía.

The “Church Mission” in the Concordats after the Vatican Council II

ABSTRACT: The Concordat Policy of the Holy Seat went through an unexpected development after the Vatican Council II. The agreements subscribed over the last decades have indeed engaged with lots of European Countries, and the range expanded to the African and Asia continent. The new geography designed to this agreements also matches with innovations in the structure and content of them. This essay aims to analyze this innovation and its strict connection with the documents of the Vatican Council II, enlightening how this has determined a more theological view of the objectives through which the freedom of the Catholic Church defines and details itself. While the concordats of the first half of the past century accompanied, followed and enlarged the trajectory of the Church rights towards spiritualization, this new phase is, indeed, characterized by a theological placement of the interests, whose freedom is indeed the object of the protections granted by the Concordats, which are briefly expressed by the lemma “Church Mission”, found in the first articles of the Concordats. This lemma, in the conciliar texts, is characterized not only by a theological dimension, but also by its direct connection with religious freedom.

Sommario: 1. Una premessa - 2. I precedenti e il contesto dottrinale - 3. I documenti conciliari - 4. La “missione della chiesa” negli accordi concordatari tra XX° e XXI° secolo - 5. Per qualche annotazione conclusiva.

About mysterion tes anomias (2Tess, 2): nomos and human rights in the digital era

ABSTRACT: The paper is a thought starting from the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians by Paul The Apostle in order to analyze the current relevance of nomos as a conceptual instrument helpful to define and settle the juridical systems facing challenges of digital era.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. “È già in atto” - 2.1. “Il regno di senso della terra” - 2.2. La rinunzia papale - 2.3. La dissoluzione soteriologica - 3. La profezia schmittiana - 3.1. I Katechon - 4. Il triplice mistero - 5. Un mistero che illumina - 6. L’anomia - 6.1. “Il sistema-mondo” - 6.2. “Ennemos Christou” - 6.3. La volontà di potenza - 7. L’ambivalenza katechontica - 7.1. Il Papa emeritus - 8. La prova - 9. La visione nomica - 9.1 Il processo selettivo - 10. I diritti fondamentali dell’uomo - 10.1. L’inversione anomica - 11. La re-ontologizzazione del Digitale - 12. L’opzione di fondo.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. The SMOM self-qualification as full member of the international community: critical notes - 3. The nature and scope of the international legal subjectivity of SMOM - 4. The non-relevance of the canonical status and the relationship with the Holy See for the international subjectivity of SMOM - 5. Conclusions.

ABSTRACT: The presence of the Order of Malta (acronym SMOM) on the international scene, because of its singularity, has been the subject of debate and discussion among scholars of international law as well as canon law. In fact, the SMOM’s juridical subjection to the Holy See because of its nature as a Catholic Religious Institute is a critical point under the traditional international legal theory that seems to be inconsistent with the Order’s international subjectivity. The aim of this study is to point out that, using a broad and modern notion of international subjectivity, there is no incompatibility between the canonical nature of the Order of Malta and its membership in the international community.

Integral ecological transition and religious discrimination of migrant women in the Mediterranean

SOMMARIO: 1. Ecologia integrale e parità di genere - 2. Flussi migratori nel Mediterraneo e discriminazioni religiose femminili - 3. Interventi europei di collaborazione interculturale nel Mare nostrum - 4. Verso un’unica polis euromediterranea?

ABSTRACT: In this essay it is hoped that the current development model will be overcome, because it is highly polluting and unfair from a socio-economic point of view, based as it is on competition and prevarication, the result of male hegemony in decision-making bodies and therefore discriminating for weaker and for women. These, on the other hand, must guide an integral ecological transition, because they are more inclined to the custody of creation and future generations, as well as to the improvement of the general living conditions of society, through sharing and dialogue, rather than with imposition and hard confrontation, as Pope Francis claims, in the encyclical Laudato si'. In particular, the ecological and social degradation caused by the androcentric system has increased the flows of migrants so-called environmental, which cross the Mediterranean Sea undergoing abuse and discrimination including religious ones. Above all, Muslim migrant women are more vulnerable also due to the misogynistic cultural heritage resulting from an erroneous and obsolete interpretation of the Koranic texts. Europe can be more involved in the fight against the negative consequences of climate change and discrimination against migrants, implementing policies inspired by sustainable development and intercultural solidarity, also with a view to fostering the ambitious and suggestive attempt to reach a integrated Euro-Mediterranean area.

Riflessioni sul “giusto processo” in diritto canonico, sullo sfondo del riequilibrio in corso fra diritti e poteri nella Chiesa cattolica *

Reflections on due process in canon law, against the background of the ongoing rebalancing of rights and powers in the Catholic Church *

SOMMARIO: 1. Tra ‘agàpe’ e storia. Una premessa neotestamentaria - 2. (segue) Potere giudiziario e sovranità binaria. Il diritto divino dei vescovi - 3. “Heri dicebamus”? Sul tentativo curiale di ridurre il Vaticano II a mero evento culturale - 4. Origini e sviluppo dell’opposizione anticonciliare: il terreno del processo - 5. La prima controriforma vaticana: la “Nova agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine” - 6. Resilienze (non sopprimibili) di una costituzione materiale parallela? - 7. Persistenze storico-culturali di fatti compiuti prevaricanti e diritto di resistenza - 8. (segue): a) Su un “golpe Gasparri” in danno di due diversi progetti di giustizia amministrativa - 9. b) … e sulla “falsa” giustizia amministrativa del card. Grocholewski (e suoi) - 10. c) Lo sconcerto della scoperta nel clero di pratiche corruttive su minori - 11. (segue) … e l’abnorme deriva inquisitoria dei processi de delictis gravioribus - 12. Sulla voluta inattuazione dei tribunali amministrativi interdiocesani - 13. Sulle odierne, inedite sperimentazioni in tema di contenzioso matrimoniale - 14. Tra rescritti di giustizia e giurisdizione inter partes: un sottaciuto tema fondamentale - 15. Dalla frammentazione (relitto amaro di incertezze strategiche) a un ritorno al Lateranense IV?

ABSTRACT: The essay notes a continuity, starting with the Tridentine, in the deviation from the fundamental principles of what we today call 'due process', imposed by Innocent III since the Council Lateran IV. The progressive spread of special jurisdictions seemed to express the degradation of certain principles and values of medieval common law, from which canon law was gradually moving away. The 1917 code is to be seen as the final sanction and ratification of that involutional process. The author then examines the 1983 reform, which moved between reforming timidity and curial overbearingness: the special jurisdictions were untouchable; the planned chapter on administrative tribunals was deleted in extremis. The impression is that no serious follow-up has been given to the reforms ordered by Paul VI in fulfilment of the Council mandate, starting with the Doctrinal Dicastery. In fact, the centralist innovation as codified in 1917 substantially persists. It is to this petrified block, rebuilt under the two pontificates following Pope Montini, that Pope Francis I attempts to react with innovative ideas that however appear technically imprecise, and in many ways inadequate to the actual dimensions of the Holy See's overall non-fulfilment of the conciliar mandate. Against the backdrop of these perhaps promising innovative signs, Pope Francis appears on the other hand invariably opposed by the Curia, both in the field of substantive and procedural law.

SOMMARIO: 1. La valenza costituzionale della riforma della Curia romana - 2. La linea della ‘universalitas participata et pluralis Ecclesiae’ - 3. I beni della comunione e l’architettura delle Istituzioni curiali - 4. La congenita strumentalità dell’Istituzione curiale - 5. L’orizzonte istituzionale del servizio della Curia romana - 5.1. La vicarietà potestativa - 5.2. La cooperazione organica al servizio primaziale - 5.3. La corresponsabilità decentralizzante - 6. L’orizzonte personale del servizio della Curia romana - 6.1. La professionalità e la laicità - 6.2. La pastoralità e la spiritualità - 6.3. L’universalità e la temporaneità degli incarichi - 7. La promozione della razionalità e funzionalità della Curia - 8. Il cammino sinodale della riforma.

A ‘Structural’ Reading of “Praedicate Evangelium”

ABSTRACT: The article examines the (indirect and limited) constitutional value of the reform of the Roman Curia. The basic framework of Praedicate Evangelium is connected to the missionary impulse instilled by pontificate of Francis in the shared and plural structure of universality. The service of the Curia to the Church and to the world is founded upon its instrumental institutional character and on the maximum possible distribution of and participation in the goods of communion. Beyond the regulative aspects, this normative intervention develops various vectors and features of organization. At the institutional level, the vicarious dimension of power, the organic cooperation between the curial institutions and the decentralizing co-responsibility in the role of the episcopacy emerge. At the personal level, there is the encouragement of professional roles, of laity, of pastorality and spirituality, of the universality, and of the temporary nature of the offices. The criteria of rationality and functionality synthesize the aspiration to revise the central government. The reform of the Curia denotes a significant passage of the synodal way of the Church, which provides reasons for certain ecclesiological and speculative analysis, as well as for the perfection of canonical knowledge from a constitutional viewpoint.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il discorso del Santo Padre Francesco (Santa Sede in senso proprio) ai membri dell’Assemblea Generale dell’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite - 2. La posizione della Santa Sede in senso lato e dei vertici della Chiesa italiana - 3. Odierne prospettive nella linea di lavoro politico - 4. La via africana sul debito - 5. Argentina e Fondo Monetario Internazionale (FMI).

Holy See and illegitimate debt. The path to the International Court of Justice (2015-2022)

ABSTRACT: This work offers a synthesis of the main steps of the process towards the International Court of Justice, accomplished over a seven-year period by the Holy See and the Cartel of jurists inspired by the Charter of Sant’Agata de’ Goti – Declaration on Usury and International Debt (1997). The starting point is Holy Father Francis’ speech at the United Nations General Assembly (New York, September 25, 2015), where the devastating deviations of speculative finance were condemned. Next, the points of convergence with the positions taken on the matter by the Italian Bishops’ Conference (CEI) are described, as well as today’s perspectives on debt and the International Court of Justice, in the line of political engagement, with regard to the Gentiloni government and the first Conte government. Completing the discussion is a report on what the author calls the African way on debt and an in-depth look at the differences from a recent wide-ranging initiative aimed at resolving the long-standing issue of the Argentine debt.

SOMMARIO: 1. La funzione e il ruolo della diplomazia pontificia nella Comunità internazionale - 2. Le dimensioni dell’attività diplomatica della Santa Sede dal pontificato di Giovanni Paolo II a quello di Francesco - 3. Il riconoscimento dei diritti umani nella diplomazia di Papa Francesco - 4. A servizio della pace nel mondo - 5. Libertà religiosa, cooperazione per il bene comune e promozione della persona umana - 6. Annotazioni conclusive.

Diplomacy of the Holy See and the International Community In the context of the Holy See’s contribution to the good of mankind

ABSTRACT: The article takes into consideration the reasons and purposes for the presence of the ‘supreme governing body of the Catholic Church’ in the international Community. The author reflects on the relationship between the diplomatic activity of the Holy See and the delicate issues of peace and war. Therefore, attention is given to the methods of intervention put in place by Pope Francis with reference to the protection of fundamental human rights. In fact, from the pontificate of Paul VI, to those of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, to even the present pontificate of Francis, the juridical and geo-political questions concerning peace and terrorism, war and nuclear disarmament, the defense of religious freedom and the improvement of universal relations between states, the reform of international organizations and the promotion of human rights have strongly characterized the modus agendi of the two thousand year-old papal diplomacy. Faced with these questions, the Holy See seems to confirm both its own sui generis international juridical subjectivity and its own ‘positive neutrality’ by means of a significant work of mediation in offering universally shared solutions to protect the ontological, irrepressible dignity of the human person.

SOMMARIO: 1. Cenni introduttivi sui termini della questione oggetto di analisi - 2. La vicenda da cui trae origine il ricorso presentato alla Corte europea dei diritti umani - 3. L’orientamento della giurisprudenza della Corte in materia di immunità degli Stati dalla giurisdizione - 4. Immunità dalla giurisdizione e “sovranità” degli organismi centrali della Chiesa - 5. La distinzione tra acta jure imperii e acta jure gestionis riferita alle competenze degli organismi centrali della Chiesa nella gestione della crisi dei preti pedofili - 6. La questione della riconducibilità delle presunte condotte colpevoli della Santa Sede nel quadro della materia riguardante i “trattamenti inumani” - 7. La questione degli obblighi derivanti dalla Convenzione sui diritti del fanciullo - 8. I requisiti per potere inquadrare le condotte della Santa Sede tra quelle per le quali opera una eccezione codificata all’immunità dalla giurisdizione - 9. In conclusione: l’immunità della Santa Sede tra sovranità “statale” e governo della Chiesa universale (con un cenno alle discussioni sul superamento del vecchio principio di sovranità).

The Immunity of the Holy See from State Jurisdiction in the Pedophile-Priest Crisis

ABSTRACT: The recognition of the Holy See as a foreign sovereign forms the basis for any grant of immunity from legal proceedings. The present article examines the question of the Holy See’s immunity as a sovereign state in handling sexual abuse cases. To do so, the paper takes its cue from European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of J.C. and Others v. Belgium (application no. 11625/17), which has ruled that the domestic courts have not jurisdiction to hear the tort case brought against the Holy See because it enjoys sovereign immunity.