Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e società

SOMMARIO: 1. Notazioni introduttive - 2. I termini della vicenda da cui origina il rinvio pregiudiziale e la competenza della Corte di giustizia a pronunziarsi sulla questione controversa - 3. La portata applicativa del regolamento n. 1259 del 2010 e le sentenze dei tribunali religiosi - 4. Le implicazioni di carattere sistematico della pronunzia in rapporto al principio di incompetenza dell’Unione nella materia ecclesiastica o religiosa - 5. I dubbi sostanziali circa la riconoscibilità in Europa del ripudio islamico - 6. Conclusioni.

The issue of the civil recognizability of the Islamic divorce by the EU Court of Justice (considerations on the ruling of December 20th 2017, C-372/16)

ABSTRACT: The present paper takes as a starting point a recent ruling by the EU Court of Justice concerning the issue of recognizability of Islamic repudiation under the EU Regulation No. 1259/2010. After assessing the conditions underlying the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice to rule on such a controversial matter, the Author excludes that the religious judgments fall within the scope of the aforementioned regulation (and within the purpose of Regulation No. 2201/2013), also in light of the so-called principle of the Union’s incompetence in ecclesiastical or religious matters. Moreover, although the unilateral repudiation is to be considered contrary to the principle of public order of the moral and legal equality of the spouses, the Author concludes that, consistently with the current trend of many legal systems to give increasing broader space to the “negotiating” management of the marriage bond, effective protection of the principle of equality should involve letting women, in some particular situations, have the choice of concretely enforcing that principle.

SOMMARIO: 1. “La grande tragedia del popolo ebraico” - 2. Il superamento della scissione tra religione, filosofia e politica - 3. La “terza forma di religione” e la ricostruzione dell’ethos pubblico.

Notes on religion and political Gestalt in the young Hegel

ABSTRACT: The young Hegel identifies in the Jewish theocracy a model based on the split between divine and human, finite and infinite which confines man in an irrecoverable subordination and separation from nature and the rest of mankind. Hegel contrasts it with the idea of the Greek polis and its religion as a strengthening of ethical and political unity. Christ hasn’t succeeded in bridging the rift which marks not only the Jewish culture but also reproduces itself in modern intellectualism, which proceeds by separations and oppositions and culminates in the abstractness of modern law. Christ founded a community of love, renouncing the confrontation with reality, supinely accepted; nevertheless, the Christian idea of incarnation, together with the Greek suggestion of the unity of the being as a whole, seems to be decisive for the Hegelian attempt to think of the philosophical unity of opposites, indicating a way that is also religious (as visible union of the community in the cult) and political (as sacrificing of that which is particular and egoistic). In the transition from the Frankfurt to Jena, Christianity is recovered by Hegel as a premise for a new religion that ought to overcome the oppositions of modern intellectualism and rediscover the unity of the popular ethos.

SOMMARIO: 1. Esigenze di uniformazione delle fonti europee di diritto derivato e protezione del principio di favor religionis nella Carta costituzionale italiana. Alla ricerca di un punto di equilibrio - 2. Possibilità e limiti di esenzione dalla normativa europea circa il trattamento dei dati personali intraconfessionali - 3. Ammissibilità di soluzioni normative confessionali ‘complete’ e ‘conformi’ al regolamento europeo ... - 4. … e di un intervento dello Stato volto al ripristino della legalità costituzionale - 5. Gli strumenti di tutela: il ruolo dell’autorità di controllo nazionale e di un’ipotetica authority confessionale nella prospettiva di un coordinamento interordinamentale necessitato.

Protection of sensitive religious data and confessional autonomy. Reflections for an interpretation secundum Constitutionem of the European regulation n. 2016/679

ABSTRACT: The contribution proposes an interpretation in conformity with the Italian Constitution of the European regulation n. 2016/679 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data, which will be applied in the Member States from 25 May 2018. An interpretation that protects the constitutional principle of confessional autonomy and the fundamental rights and freedoms of the person, reconciling them when necessary.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il divieto di maternità surrogata nell’ordinamento italiano - 2. Diritto ebraico e bioetica - 3. “Crescete e moltiplicatevi”. Il precetto divino di procreare e la maternità surrogata nel diritto ebraico - 4. Conclusioni.

Some starting points for comparison between Italian law and Jewish law on surrogate motherhood

ABSTRACT: Recent scientific progress in reproductive biotechnologies implies significant transformations in terms of the value and culture of the concept of maternity, which is no longer attributable to the legal definition of “mother” offered by Italian civil legislation. Assisted reproductive technologies separate the reproductive aspect and sexual union of the couple, finally leading to the metamorphosis of the relational dynamics underlying the “family identity” and the birth of new types of biolegal contracts. The study sets out to compare the approach that the Italian legal system reserves for the phenomenon of surrogacy with that which has developed at the heart of Jewish law. The interesting variety of opinions of the rabbinical authorities, which express both the Orthodox positions and the more progressive ones, show how Jewish speculation around bioethical reproductive issues has led to a respectful comparison of knowledge and judgements of the minority opinions that enter, with equal dignity, into the legal debate and are enhanced by the absence of a superior interpretation.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Crisi e persistenza del modello pattizio. Riscrivere la trama della libertà religiosa in Italia - 3. Una proposta “flessibile” orientata alle differenze e all’interazione - 4. I nuovi confini della libertà religiosa della persona - 5. La libertà di coscienze e di religione del minore - 6. Scuola pubblica, libertà religiosa e “nuovi spazi” di confronto per tutti: quello che serve e quello che la proposta non dice - 7. L’integrazione attraverso il lavoro - 8. Assistenza spirituale e libertà di manifestazione del pensiero - 9. Gli spazi della libertà religiosa e i “luoghi della memoria” - 10. Ministri di culto e non solo - 11. Per una libertà religiosa collettiva veramente democratica: rilievi critici - 12. La società cambia, la legge dello Stato arranca, il matrimonio “canonico” resta - 13. Intese per tutti? - 14. Quello che manca nella proposta di legge – 15. Conclusioni.

Remarks on the Bill Proposal "Norms on Freedom of Conscience and Religion" Made by the Working Group Coordinated by the Astrid Association

ABSTRACT: This contribution is a comment on the draft law on religious freedom proposed by some scholars of the ASTRID Foundation. The law is proposed in the context of a national and European political environment, which is constantly changing and evolving. This analysis is focused on some specific aspects of the proposal, by assessing their limits and their potential offers some theoretical reflections with the aim of contributing to a scholarly and intellectual debate, which should offer arguments, aimed at promoting and protecting fundamental freedoms and rights as envisaged by the Constitution.

1 - La questione, cruciale nelle società multiculturali, dell’uso della simbologia religiosa è tornata sotto la supervisione della Corte europea dei diritti umani, che già se n’era occupata più volte per i segni portati attraverso o per complemento dell’abbigliamento personale e una volta anche per quelli esposti nei luoghi pubblici. Stavolta si trattava di citazioni, o meglio allusioni, evangeliche utilizzate a scopo di marketing da un'azienda lituana che produce vestiti: tre manifesti, diffusi anche sul web, con la foto di un uomo e una donna con l'aureola, lui tatuato in jeans, lei con un vestito bianco e una collana di perline, che sembra una corona di rosario. L'allusione a Gesù e Maria si trae dalle frasi esclamative: "Gesù, che pantaloni!", "Gesù, Maria! Cosa indossate!", "Cara Maria, che vestito!" (segue).

Sometimes freedom of expression overrides public morals: the case of advertising

ABSTRACT: This article examines the case Sekmadienis v. Lithuania, where the European Court of human rights found that the advertisements by a clothing company, despite using models and captions referring to “Jesus” and “Mary”, did not offend public morals. Nevertheless the balancing in favour, for once, of freedom of expression is due not to a revirement but, essentially, to two factors: the advertisements neither were gratuitously offensive nor incited hatred and, on the other hand, domestic authorities did not provide sufficient justifications for why such use of religious symbols would had been contrary to public morals. Therefore, it’s an assertion not of secularism in front of religion but – the author says quoting Pier Paolo Pasolini - a new laicity, that does not compete with religion: the advertising laicity, born in middle-class entropy.

I

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa introduttiva - 2. La Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tra eredità islamica e legittimazione internazionale - 3. La laicità dello Stato: il fondamento della nuova identità nazionale - 4. Le forze armate e la Corte costituzionale: i ‘custodi’ della laiklik - 5. La parabola dell’AKP: dall’impulso riformista alla recente involuzione autoritaria - 6. Le implicazioni giuridiche del fallito golpe del 2016.

Secularism in the shadow of the minarets: the constitutional principle of secularism in modern and contemporary Turkey

ABSTRACT: The present essay deals with the so-called ‘laiklik’, namely the Kemalist understanding of the constitutional principle of secularism implemented in the Turkish legal framework over the last century. The analysis takes as a starting point the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey and focuses firstly on the staunch protection of secularism by its traditional ‘guardians’ (i.e. the army and the Constitutional Court). In particular, it is argued that the rhetoric of secularism has been exploited by the ruling élites with the aim to curb religious, cultural and political pluralism. Subsequently, the paper investigates the controversial policies adopted by the AKP - the moderate pro-Islamic party in power uninterruptedly since 2002 - and the rule of law crisis recently occurred in the country. In this regard, the author eventually seeks to assess the aftermath of the coup attempt failed in July 2016, by giving special attention to its short and long-term implications in the light of Turkish secularism.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.

Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams

ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La lunga tradizione del diritto islamico - 2.1. La norma religiosa nelle impostazioni radicalizzanti - 3. La reazione dei legislatori e il ruolo dei giusdicenti. Brevi considerazioni sul caso degli USA - 3.1. Brevi considerazioni sul caso della Francia - 4. La reazione dei legislatori e il ruolo dei giusdicenti in Italia - 5. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: What is the real relationship between the existing forms of (religious) terrorism and Islam? And how do the Western constitutional democracies react in times of emergency and threats of so-called Islamic terrorism? The article tries to answer these questions, focusing the attention on specific issues, such as those referring to the Islamic tradition - and the relative legal system - and some national legal orders, like the USA, France and Italy.