Contenuti per la categoria: Minoranze religiose

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La disciplina dell’esercizio della fede nei penitenziari inglesi - 3. La diversità delle fedi in carcere e il ruolo delle community chaplaincies - 4. Il carcere come spazio multi-religioso e i nodi irrisolti dall’Equality Act del 2010 - 5. La discriminazione per motivi religiosi nella giurisprudenza inglese e gli obblighi di prestazione a carico della pubblica amministrazione.

Freedom of worship and Religious Diversity in English Prisons

ABSTRACT: This article aims to highlight different aspects of the practice of faith in the British prison system. While the 1952 Prison Act gave a preeminent position to the chaplains of the Church of England, in the last decades multi-faith spaces of worship and spiritual-care groups have multiplied. Furthermore, ‘community chaplaincies’ and volunteers are active players in rehabilitation programs, especially in preventing recidivism, which is higher among ethnic and religious minorities. Both the Human Rights Act of 1998 and the Equality Act of 2010 have contributed to promote an ‘inclusive’ approach to religion pluralism, granting access to spiritual assistance and equal treatment among prison inmates. However, it is worth to consider if a State-centred management of religious diversity is a sustainable choice before the growing judicial litigation related to prisoners’ freedom of worship.

SOMMARIO: 1- La qualificazione giuridica è attribuzione costituzionale esclusiva del potere giudiziario - 2. La qualificazione giuridica delle confessioni religiose … - 3. (segue) e il loro diritto all’identità - 4. L’espediente del “doppio binario” - 5. L’insopprimibile garanzia della tutela giurisdizionale dei diritti è (ancora) principio supremo dell’ordinamento costituzionale - 6. Il petitum del ricorso per conflitto di attribuzioni tra poteri dello Stato, e l’obbligo di attenersi al thema decidendum - 7. I poteri del Governo nell’esame dell’istanza di accesso all’intesa - 8. Le improvvide conseguenze dell’avere ritenuto il diniego governativo “atto politico”: dal “pluralismo aperto” al “pluralismo discrezionalmente regolamentato”.

For the protection of their identity, religious minorities should have “a judge and a judgment” at their disposal (again on the judgment of the Constitutional Court no. 52 of 2016)

ABSTRACT: The article links the theme of the legal qualification of an association that calls itself a “religious confession” in order to have relationships with the State, according to the provisions laid down in the third paragraph of art. 8 of the Constitution, with the theme of the right of religious minorities to have an identity. It intends to prove that the document that the government issues in order to deny such a qualification is not a “political action” exempt from the control of the judicial authority, contrary to ruling no. 52 of 2016 of the Constitutional Court. The identity of religious minorities is protected by the guarantees offered by art. 24 of the Constitution, from which the Constitutional Court draws the supreme principle of jurisdictional protection of rights, the foundation of any democratic system, that guarantees to all, for any dispute, “a judge and a judgment”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Disegno costituzionale e rigidità politico-normative: quale strada per una equilibrata disciplina del fenomeno religioso? - 3. Conclusioni.

Equality in diversity. Religious identities and constitutional democracy

ABSTRACT: The entry into force of the new system after the fall of fascism did not constitute the resolutive element to mark a decisive turning point in the Italian ecclesiastical politics, with the implementation of a system of reforms in religious matters consistent with the innovative will of the institutional change that occurred in the Country. The consequence is that, seventy years after the adoption of the Republican Constitutional Charter, many normative provisions still conform to the inspiring principles of the fascist system, and there are many impediments to the concrete realization of the principles of freedom and democracy, with serious damage for the enjoyment of constitutional guarantees by spiritual minorities. With the approval of a general legislation on religious interests, the equal enjoyment of the fundamental rights could be achieved, both for individuals and for groups, within a framework of definitive overcoming of the fascist penalizing legislation and of fixation of the regulatory law criteria of the various treatments to protect spiritual specificities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il “ritorno” dell’atto politico: la stipulazione delle intese con le confessioni religiose - 2. Le origini dell’atto politico tra acte de gouvernement, act of State, political question e acto de gobierno - 3. Gli sviluppi dell’istituto nell’Italia liberale - 4. L’atto politico alla prova della Costituzione - 5. Il ruolo del giudice delle leggi: alcuni casi paradigmatici - 6. Un consuntivo della giurisprudenza costituzionale in tema di atto politico: l’atto di governo come tecnica di giudizio.

Is there a “new era” for the act of State in Italy? Some remarks between constitutional theory and practice

ABSTRACT: The act of State in the Italian legal system seems now to be heading for a kind of “second drawing”. Starting from the recent judgment n. 52/2016, adopted by the Italian constitutional Court with reference to the agreement between Government and the so-called UAAR, the essay scrutinises the evolution of the act of State in Italy compared to the principles of the constitutional “rule of law”. The analysis deals with both theory and practice, focusing in particular on the approach adopted by the Italian constitutional jurisprudence in order to address political questions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Crisi e persistenza del modello pattizio. Riscrivere la trama della libertà religiosa in Italia - 3. Una proposta “flessibile” orientata alle differenze e all’interazione - 4. I nuovi confini della libertà religiosa della persona - 5. La libertà di coscienze e di religione del minore - 6. Scuola pubblica, libertà religiosa e “nuovi spazi” di confronto per tutti: quello che serve e quello che la proposta non dice - 7. L’integrazione attraverso il lavoro - 8. Assistenza spirituale e libertà di manifestazione del pensiero - 9. Gli spazi della libertà religiosa e i “luoghi della memoria” - 10. Ministri di culto e non solo - 11. Per una libertà religiosa collettiva veramente democratica: rilievi critici - 12. La società cambia, la legge dello Stato arranca, il matrimonio “canonico” resta - 13. Intese per tutti? - 14. Quello che manca nella proposta di legge – 15. Conclusioni.

Remarks on the Bill Proposal "Norms on Freedom of Conscience and Religion" Made by the Working Group Coordinated by the Astrid Association

ABSTRACT: This contribution is a comment on the draft law on religious freedom proposed by some scholars of the ASTRID Foundation. The law is proposed in the context of a national and European political environment, which is constantly changing and evolving. This analysis is focused on some specific aspects of the proposal, by assessing their limits and their potential offers some theoretical reflections with the aim of contributing to a scholarly and intellectual debate, which should offer arguments, aimed at promoting and protecting fundamental freedoms and rights as envisaged by the Constitution.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.

Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams

ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le Sharia court: origini, attività e scopi - 2. Alcuni dati statistici - 3. Un’ulteriore evoluzione: l’Arbitration Act e il Muslim Arbitration Tribunal - 4. Il discorso dell’arcivescovo di Canterbury e reazioni - 5. Il Private Members’ Bill della baronessa Cox - 6. La risposta dell’Islamic Sharia Council - 7. Un dibattito ancora in corso: Friend or Foe?

Sharia Courts. History and evolution of Muslim courts in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT: In the last thirty years the United Kingdom has experienced the formation and surge of so-called Sharia courts or councils, unrecognised Muslim tribunals with purpose of settling disputes using Islamic religious law. Their stated objectives include providing advice and assistance in the operation of Muslim family life, establishing a bench of scholars to operate as a council, making decisions on matters of Muslim family law, and promoting an enlightened practice of the Muslim faith by Muslims living in the UK.

This paper analyses the origins, evolution and functioning of these councils, with emphasis on the lively public debate initiated in 2008 following the Archbishop of Canterbury’s remarks and followed with the bill proposed by Baroness Cox. An overview of the relations between Sharia councils and the State is presented, while providing insight on future scenarios.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: la richiesta di intesa con lo Stato dell’Unione degli Atei, Agnostici e Razionalisti - 2. Le tappe successive di una emblematica vicenda giudiziaria - 3. L’eticizzazione del diritto tra riconoscimento costituzionale dei “valori”, sviluppi della tecnologia, circolazione transnazionale dei diritti e ruolo supplente della giurisprudenza - 4. Dalle religioni tradizionali ai “nuovi culti”: un breve panorama socio-culturale del fenomeno e dei suoi riflessi giuridici - 5. Le confessioni religiose tra politica e diritto: un approccio problematico al caso italiano - 6. Politica e giurisdizione nelle intese di cui all’art. 8, terzo comma, e in quelle di cui all’art. 116, terzo comma, della Carta costituzionale.

The agreements with State of organized religious groups as juridical problem

The paper, starting from the recent decision of Italian Constitutional Court no 52/2016 which denies the obligation of the Government to begin a negotiation with an atheistic group which wanted to reach an agreement with state according to art. 8, 3, of the Italian Constitution, examines the Italian Constitutional jurisprudence and doctrinal debate about the definition of organized religious group and about the political nature of the governmental power in starting agreement with the State.

SOMMAIRE: 1 - Introduction - 2. L’État et l’Église en Grèce. Le cadre constitutionnel - 3 - L’Église de Grèce comme institution de l’État grec - 4. Le discours constitutionnel de l’Église. Des éléments de constitutionnalisme populiste - Pluralisme constitutionnel et droits de la majorité - 6. Les droits en tant qu’identité - 7. Conclusion - Bibliographie.

ABSTRACT: The invocation of the people, the constitution and the rights occupies an important place in the public discourse of the Church of Greece. Its constitutional discourse exhibits two main characteristics. Firstly, it is a populist discourse. The church talks in the name of “its” people, which it identifies with the Greek nation, and as the voice of the people’s will against its rulers. Moreover, it is a rights-laden discourse. The church talks as the protector of the rights of the majority, which it identifies with the rights of its believers. Its constitutional discourse and practice shows that the church manages to exploit the institutions, achievements and discourses of modernity, if only for the promotion of apparently pre-modern ends: the preservation of its privileges against the other religions; the prolongation of its role in the public sphere; its reproduction as an ideological mechanism of the nation-state.