Contenuti per la categoria: Libertà di coscienza e di religione, individuale e collettiva

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa - 2. Libertà religiosa e secolarizzazione - 3. L’odierna crisi della libertà religiosa - 4. Secolarismo e libertà religiosa - 5. Conclusione.

Religious freedom and secularism

ABSTRACT: The essay questions about the singular phenomenon for which, in front of the numerous and serious violations that are daily perpetrated in the world, towards the right of religious freedom, the West appears so detached and generally reluctant to political and diplomatic intervention. The fact is even more singular, if one compares this phenomenon with the general commitment that the West demonstrates for the planetary affirmation of the human rights, in a spirit almost of proselytism. In the opinion of the Author, the inactivity must be connected to the dominant secularist culture that has removed the sacred from the horizon of human meaning, with the consequence of the insignificance of the religious sentiment, of the irrelevance of the religious practice and, therefore, of the unreasonableness of fighting for their survival.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Crisi e persistenza del modello pattizio. Riscrivere la trama della libertà religiosa in Italia - 3. Una proposta “flessibile” orientata alle differenze e all’interazione - 4. I nuovi confini della libertà religiosa della persona - 5. La libertà di coscienze e di religione del minore - 6. Scuola pubblica, libertà religiosa e “nuovi spazi” di confronto per tutti: quello che serve e quello che la proposta non dice - 7. L’integrazione attraverso il lavoro - 8. Assistenza spirituale e libertà di manifestazione del pensiero - 9. Gli spazi della libertà religiosa e i “luoghi della memoria” - 10. Ministri di culto e non solo - 11. Per una libertà religiosa collettiva veramente democratica: rilievi critici - 12. La società cambia, la legge dello Stato arranca, il matrimonio “canonico” resta - 13. Intese per tutti? - 14. Quello che manca nella proposta di legge – 15. Conclusioni.

Remarks on the Bill Proposal "Norms on Freedom of Conscience and Religion" Made by the Working Group Coordinated by the Astrid Association

ABSTRACT: This contribution is a comment on the draft law on religious freedom proposed by some scholars of the ASTRID Foundation. The law is proposed in the context of a national and European political environment, which is constantly changing and evolving. This analysis is focused on some specific aspects of the proposal, by assessing their limits and their potential offers some theoretical reflections with the aim of contributing to a scholarly and intellectual debate, which should offer arguments, aimed at promoting and protecting fundamental freedoms and rights as envisaged by the Constitution.

1 - La questione, cruciale nelle società multiculturali, dell’uso della simbologia religiosa è tornata sotto la supervisione della Corte europea dei diritti umani, che già se n’era occupata più volte per i segni portati attraverso o per complemento dell’abbigliamento personale e una volta anche per quelli esposti nei luoghi pubblici. Stavolta si trattava di citazioni, o meglio allusioni, evangeliche utilizzate a scopo di marketing da un'azienda lituana che produce vestiti: tre manifesti, diffusi anche sul web, con la foto di un uomo e una donna con l'aureola, lui tatuato in jeans, lei con un vestito bianco e una collana di perline, che sembra una corona di rosario. L'allusione a Gesù e Maria si trae dalle frasi esclamative: "Gesù, che pantaloni!", "Gesù, Maria! Cosa indossate!", "Cara Maria, che vestito!" (segue).

Sometimes freedom of expression overrides public morals: the case of advertising

ABSTRACT: This article examines the case Sekmadienis v. Lithuania, where the European Court of human rights found that the advertisements by a clothing company, despite using models and captions referring to “Jesus” and “Mary”, did not offend public morals. Nevertheless the balancing in favour, for once, of freedom of expression is due not to a revirement but, essentially, to two factors: the advertisements neither were gratuitously offensive nor incited hatred and, on the other hand, domestic authorities did not provide sufficient justifications for why such use of religious symbols would had been contrary to public morals. Therefore, it’s an assertion not of secularism in front of religion but – the author says quoting Pier Paolo Pasolini - a new laicity, that does not compete with religion: the advertising laicity, born in middle-class entropy.

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SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.

Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams

ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: la richiesta di intesa con lo Stato dell’Unione degli Atei, Agnostici e Razionalisti - 2. Le tappe successive di una emblematica vicenda giudiziaria - 3. L’eticizzazione del diritto tra riconoscimento costituzionale dei “valori”, sviluppi della tecnologia, circolazione transnazionale dei diritti e ruolo supplente della giurisprudenza - 4. Dalle religioni tradizionali ai “nuovi culti”: un breve panorama socio-culturale del fenomeno e dei suoi riflessi giuridici - 5. Le confessioni religiose tra politica e diritto: un approccio problematico al caso italiano - 6. Politica e giurisdizione nelle intese di cui all’art. 8, terzo comma, e in quelle di cui all’art. 116, terzo comma, della Carta costituzionale.

The agreements with State of organized religious groups as juridical problem

The paper, starting from the recent decision of Italian Constitutional Court no 52/2016 which denies the obligation of the Government to begin a negotiation with an atheistic group which wanted to reach an agreement with state according to art. 8, 3, of the Italian Constitution, examines the Italian Constitutional jurisprudence and doctrinal debate about the definition of organized religious group and about the political nature of the governmental power in starting agreement with the State.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Il quadro normativo - 3. Le soluzioni giurisprudenziali - 4. Riflessioni conclusive.

The ‘debaptism’, between religious freedom and implicit rules. Hints of comparative law

ABSTRACT: The problem of cancellation from baptismal registers seems to have come to a final solution, thus being no more interesting. Nonetheless, it can still be useful to analyse it from a comparative point of view. The study of the various solutions proposed by the different legal systems allows finding out ‘implicit’ juridical principles, which condition the interpretation and the implementation of positive rules. It can be especially remarked a convergence of arguments and results between legal systems formally inspired to distinct models of State-religions’ relationship - such as the French and the Italian legal systems. This convergence highlights the existence, at a latent level, of common cultural conceptions of the religious experience, fashioned by the Christian religious paradigm; these conceptions tend to shape the concrete contents of both the right to religious freedom, and the right to personal identity, protected by personal data laws.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Europa dei cittadini e identità politica del processo di integrazione continentale - 3. Spazio politico europeo, libertà religiosa e laicità - 4. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: The evolution of the European Union law and of the right to religious freedom lies in the global process of internationalization of fundamental rights, the transformation of relations between States, the modification of the idea of ​​sovereignty, the emergence of new conventional instruments. With reference to the European social and legal space, the transformation of the European Economic Community into a real political union has allowed the inalienable human rights of the people to become central in the process of integration. Because of that, the political and legal system of the European Union, characterized by the transition of the State monopoly of sovereignty to its sharing among different subjects, has affected the reality of relations between public powers and religious phenomenon. A particular configuration of the concept of secularism in the European continent has been established, by virtue, which the values of democracy, pluralism, human dignity and non-identification between public functions and religious experience would allow for peaceful coexistence between religion, institutional activity of the European Union and fundamental freedoms.

SUMARIO: 1. El concepto de bien cultural de interés religioso en el ordenamiento intaliano y el peculiar relieve cuantitativo y cualitativo de los bienes culturales de interés religioso referibles a la Iglesia católica - 2. El recorrido, paralelo y autónomo, del Estado y de la Iglesia hacia una disciplina concordada de los bienes culturales de interés religioso - 3. El art. 12 delAcuerdo de Villa Madama: el principio de cooperación entre el Estado y la Iglesia en su respectivo ordenamiento para la tutela del patrimonio histórico y artístico - 4. La armonización de la aplicacón de la ley italiana en materia de bienes culturales con las exigencias de carácter religioso: el interés nacional - 5. (continuación) Los acuerdos a nivel regional - 6. Breves consideraciones conclusivas.

ABSTRACT: The article reconstructs the evolution of the protection of the historical-artistic heritage of the Catholic Church in Italy as a revealing index of ways of understanding the relationship between temporal dimension and spiritual dimension.

SOMMARIO: 1. Attualità del diritto di libertà religiosa - 2. La libertà religiosa e la sfida del pluralismo confessionale - 3. L’affermazione del diritto di libertà religiosa in Europa -  4. Evoluzione espansiva del diritto di libertà religiosa. Tradizione anglosassone e approccio europeo ai diritti - 5. Dimensione negativa o di garanzia e dimensione positiva o promozionale del diritto di libertà religiosa - 6. Dimensione positiva dei diritti e obblighi di solidarietà: la logica del sistema pattizio - 7. Il sistema italiano di tutela del diritto di libertà religiosa - 8. Legislazione ecclesiastica e proposte di riforma - 9. Il progetto di legge generale sulla libertà religiosa - 10.  Evoluzione del quadro normativo e progetti di riforma - 11. Organizzazioni agnostiche e strutture confessionali: un’assimilazione controversa - 12. Il sistema pattizio come garanzia di pluralismo confessionale e di piena integrazione.

Religious freedom and proposals of reform of the Italian law concerning religious denominations

ABSTRACT: This paper, after briefly recalling the importance of religious freedom in Western civilization and its progressive identification as a fundamental right all over the world, examines the legal framework of religious freedom in the Italian law system. In doing so, it underlines the distinction between the negative and positive aspects of the right, calling for a different attitude on behalf of the State according to the different common law and civil law systems. In the end, taking into account the principles of the Constitution and the Italian Constitutional Court’s case law, it critically addresses the current debate on the proposal of a State statute concerning the exercise of the right of religious freedom for individuals and, above all, for denominational groups without an agreement with the State.