Contenuti per la categoria: Islam

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. The Vertical and Horizontal Influences - 3. Atheism, laïcité and Church - 4. Atheism, laïcité and Islam - 5. Today’s Popular Sources of Atheism - 6. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT: With this article, the Author outlines the legal issues involving the atheism in France, analysing them in the light of the principle of laïcité. France has a long history of criticism of religion. Many philosophes of the Enlightenment, for example, have provided the classical writings in this field. In this sense, they were able to aliment two major streams of thought of the magmatic French atheism: one is based on the horizontal influences arising from the effect of increasing worldwide travel with the discovery that people do not necessary share the same views and beliefs about the nature of human being; the other is centred on vertical arguments bubbling up from the past in a very form of scepticism and realism. With its multi-faceted and articulated view, the French atheism has also been promoted by a number of movements devoted to arguing the case for non-belief and for its political expression in laïcité. In this manner, the Author tries to demonstrate that, since the Great Revolution and during the long history of the French constitutional system, laïcité de combat and atheism has been influencing each other in a constantly shifting process of mutual adaptation.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il concordato nelle dinamiche delle relazioni tra Chiesa cattolica e Stati islamici - 2. Concordato e libertà religiosa nei Paesi islamici - 3. Gli accordi bilaterali sottoscritti dalla Santa Sede in questi speciali “territori di missione” - 4. La tutela delle minoranze religiose nella Dichiarazione di Al-Azhar e la possibile apertura di nuove frontiere delle dinamiche concordatarie.

The concordat dynamics between Holy See and Islamic State

ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the concordat dynamics between Holy See and Islamic States developed after the Second Vatican Council. The concordat, in its various forms, is the main instrument through which is regulated the system of relations between States and Catholic Church. Its use has been tested successfully in various Islamic States, and sometimes even with heterogeneous formulas, because of differences that distinguish the individual systems, trying to translate the concepts of autonomous of Church and collaboration with States in forms legal acceptable to Muslim tradition countries. The exhortations in the Al-Azhar Declaration are directly connected with the possible development of bilateral activities between Holy See and other Islamic countries and this can also strengthen the peace among peoples and the interfaith dialogue.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’Islam tra le mura del carcere: le ragioni di un intervento, gli obiettivi del Protocollo - 2. Uno spiraglio di libertà: la fede in regime di detenzione, le garanzie normative e le risposte alla diversità religiosa - 3. Mediatori o ministri di culto? Un ruolo ‘sospeso’ tra definizioni giuridiche e prassi - 4. Visitate i detenuti: La questione dell’ingresso negli istituti detentivi, criticità applicative e novità del Protocollo - 5. Conclusioni.

Granting Islamic religious ministers admission to prisons, amid long-lasting issues and reformation perspectives. The Agreement between the Prison Administration Department and the Islamic Communities Union.

ABSTRACT: As religious diversity in Italian prisons grows, accommodating prisoners’ religious needs tries legal paradigms and instruments out. In 2015 the Prison Administration Department signed an agreement with UCOII, one of the largest Islamic associations in Italy, in order to grant admission in prisons to intercultural mediators and religious ministers. This article seeks to situate the covenant in the wider context of the Italian legal protection of religious freedom in prison, highlighting three main purposes of the agreement: providing Islamic prisoners with religious assistance, enforcing rehabilitative programs and combating violent radicalization in jail. After two years the experience has shown good evidences. Nonetheless, contended issues still remain unsettled. While evaluating feasible solutions, the article advocates a legislative intervention that could assess criteria and procedures for religious ministers’ access to prisons fulfilling the principle of equality and non-discrimination.

SOMMARIO: 1. Carcere e religione - 2. Pluralismo religioso e istanze di sicurezza - 3. Strategie di contrasto al proselitismo e alla radicalizzazione jihadista - 4. Gli ‘indicatori sulla radicalizzazione’ - 5. Le questioni aperte: prevenzione e de-radicalizzazione - 6. Cosa fare.

Between religious freedom and security issues: the prevention of jihadist radicalisation in prison

ABSTRACT: Faith constitutes an essential aspect of prison life. Its relevance has been emphasised in recent times because of the religious pluralism that characterises the current prison population. In this scenario, the rise of jihadist terrorism has shed light on the problem of radicalisation in prison, already known and studied by the experts, which poses new challenges for policymakers, prison staff, and detainees. Prison Administration has been focused on religious freedom, its boundaries and its relationship with religious extremism and has already adopted some measures to combat and monitor jihadist proselitism in Italian prisons. This paper provides an overview of these anti-radicalisation strategies in prisons, highlighting unresolved issues. These include the lack of an integrated plan with regards to prevention of radicalisation and de-radicalisation, not limited by the prison context. This paper further highlights the challenges in devising policies that address security concerns without sacrificing religious freedom and diversity, as provided for by the Constitution.

SOMMARIO: 1. Attività d’impresa degli enti religiosi: il contenzioso come indicatore di performance del sistema italiano delle esenzioni - 2. L’endiadi ente/attività nella giurisprudenza: un caso recente - 3. I centri culturali islamici e i Gurdwara sikh: dalla indefinibilità alle soggettività del terzo settore - 4. Segue: La particolare difficoltà di qualificazione delle attività d’impresa nei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Attività e accesso alle agevolazioni tributarie: la non discriminazione attraverso il Codice del Terzo settore (CTS) - 6. Segue: Le APS islamiche: la positiva esperienza nel Comune di Torino rispetto alla riconoscibilità dei soggettivi passivi tributari - 7. L’autonomia imperfetta, o secondo diritto comune, degli enti delle religioni prive di intesa.

Tax subjectivity and taxability of business activities held in religious places

ABSTRACT: The activities of ecclesiastical institutions, different from those of worship and religion and carried out by entrepreneurial method and rules of the free market, are subject to ordinary taxation. Otherwise, according to our Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice, they would go against the ban of so called incompatible state aid (art. 107, § 1, TFEU), as the status that every national law acknowledges to a artificial person is irrelevant. The Islamic cultural centers, the Sikh Gurdwara are generally in a limbo with a possible discrimination in the enforcement of the regulation under art. 8 of the Constitution. This paper, however, points out a few associative models, that the ecclesiastical institutions could implement so that their religious places can enjoy at least the common exemptions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa introduttiva - 2. La Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tra eredità islamica e legittimazione internazionale - 3. La laicità dello Stato: il fondamento della nuova identità nazionale - 4. Le forze armate e la Corte costituzionale: i ‘custodi’ della laiklik - 5. La parabola dell’AKP: dall’impulso riformista alla recente involuzione autoritaria - 6. Le implicazioni giuridiche del fallito golpe del 2016.

Secularism in the shadow of the minarets: the constitutional principle of secularism in modern and contemporary Turkey

ABSTRACT: The present essay deals with the so-called ‘laiklik’, namely the Kemalist understanding of the constitutional principle of secularism implemented in the Turkish legal framework over the last century. The analysis takes as a starting point the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey and focuses firstly on the staunch protection of secularism by its traditional ‘guardians’ (i.e. the army and the Constitutional Court). In particular, it is argued that the rhetoric of secularism has been exploited by the ruling élites with the aim to curb religious, cultural and political pluralism. Subsequently, the paper investigates the controversial policies adopted by the AKP - the moderate pro-Islamic party in power uninterruptedly since 2002 - and the rule of law crisis recently occurred in the country. In this regard, the author eventually seeks to assess the aftermath of the coup attempt failed in July 2016, by giving special attention to its short and long-term implications in the light of Turkish secularism.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il contenuto delle proposte di legge c. 2976 e c. 3421 (Garnero Santanchè e Palmizio) e i profili di incostituzionalità - 2. La necessità politico-normativa di un altro approccio agli Islam. Rivitalizzazione dello strumento delle Intese e legge generale sulla libertà religiosa come antidoti alla lenta deriva del riassetto normativo della legge sui culti ammessi - 3. Allegati.

The law Santanchè-Palmizio proposals about the Mosques and Imams register: a refurbishment attempt of the law n.1159 / 1929?

ABSTRACT: The article examines and comments the contents of the legislative proposals c. 2976 and c. 3421 (Garnero-Santanchè and Palmizio) and their unconstitutionality profiles . At the end of this parliamentary term, this examination is also the basis for thinking about political and normative necessity of another approach to Islam and, at the same time, revitalizing the Agreements instrument and the general law of religious freedom, so that they can constitute a concrete antidote to the slow and creeping drift of the normative reorganization of the law on the admitted cults.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le Sharia court: origini, attività e scopi - 2. Alcuni dati statistici - 3. Un’ulteriore evoluzione: l’Arbitration Act e il Muslim Arbitration Tribunal - 4. Il discorso dell’arcivescovo di Canterbury e reazioni - 5. Il Private Members’ Bill della baronessa Cox - 6. La risposta dell’Islamic Sharia Council - 7. Un dibattito ancora in corso: Friend or Foe?

Sharia Courts. History and evolution of Muslim courts in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT: In the last thirty years the United Kingdom has experienced the formation and surge of so-called Sharia courts or councils, unrecognised Muslim tribunals with purpose of settling disputes using Islamic religious law. Their stated objectives include providing advice and assistance in the operation of Muslim family life, establishing a bench of scholars to operate as a council, making decisions on matters of Muslim family law, and promoting an enlightened practice of the Muslim faith by Muslims living in the UK.

This paper analyses the origins, evolution and functioning of these councils, with emphasis on the lively public debate initiated in 2008 following the Archbishop of Canterbury’s remarks and followed with the bill proposed by Baroness Cox. An overview of the relations between Sharia councils and the State is presented, while providing insight on future scenarios.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La lunga tradizione del diritto islamico - 2.1. La norma religiosa nelle impostazioni radicalizzanti - 3. La reazione dei legislatori e il ruolo dei giusdicenti. Brevi considerazioni sul caso degli USA - 3.1. Brevi considerazioni sul caso della Francia - 4. La reazione dei legislatori e il ruolo dei giusdicenti in Italia - 5. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: What is the real relationship between the existing forms of (religious) terrorism and Islam? And how do the Western constitutional democracies react in times of emergency and threats of so-called Islamic terrorism? The article tries to answer these questions, focusing the attention on specific issues, such as those referring to the Islamic tradition - and the relative legal system - and some national legal orders, like the USA, France and Italy.

SOMMARIO: 1. La “Carta dei valori”: origine - 2. Caratteristiche e struttura - 3. Natura giuridica - 4. Dimensione costituzionale della “Carta dei valori”?