Contenuti per la categoria: Edifici ed edilizia di culto

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. I giudizi promossi dal TAR Lombardia. Alcune riflessioni - 3. La decisione del TAR Lombardia. La fondatezza “anticipata” - 4. Il caso davanti alla Corte costituzionale: la sentenza n. 254 del 2019 - 5. Il new deal dell’art. 19 Cost. e della laicità ”positiva” per via giurisprudenziale (costituzionale). Brevi considerazioni.

Regional Religious Building. Legal Approach to the test of (again) administrative and constitutional case-law.

ABSTRACT: This essay concerns important judgements of the Regional Administrative Court and the Italian Constitutional Court on religious freedom and places of worship.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: la pronuncia della Corte costituzionale e i nodi da sciogliere - 2. I limiti legittimi alla libertà religiosa - 3. Gli interventi positivi a favore del diritto al culto - 4. Brevi considerazioni conclusive: che cosa farà (o, meglio, cosa dovrebbe fare) il legislatore regionale?

The Constitutional Court’s position about worship facilities between limits against the freedom of religion and positive interventions

ABSTRACT: The Constitutional Court has another time pronounced about the right to have a place of worship. Its statements are crucial for this subject and are likely to produce an echo even outside the field of worship facilities. In particular, the Court affirms, on the one hand, that the freedom of worship might be limited only in order to guarantee concrete opposing interests, and not for mere exigencies of control. On the other hand, the Court declares that the freedom of religion, given its central and essential position in the Constitution, legitimizes and requires positive interventions by the legislator, in order to be promoted.

SOMMARIO: 1. Interventi legislativi della Regione Lombardia sui luoghi di culto - 2. La sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 504 del 2019 sulla l.r. Lombardia del 2005 - 3. Pianificazione urbanistica secondaria e politiche regionali - 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

The so-called "anti-mosque" legislation between governance policies and protection of religious freedom

ABSTRACT: A recent intervention by the Constitutional Court of 2019 continued in the path intended to dismantle the Lombard legislation, also known as the "anti mosque" law, underlining the danger of a federalism, producing a growing fragmentation in a matter of such delicate constitutional relevance. The Court has currently canceled the obligation to regulate, through a Plan for religious equipment (PAR), the opening of any place of worship and the need to associate this Plan with the PGT (Territorial Government Plan). A territorial governance project, in fact, from the point of view of urban planning, must include the legal discipline of social religiosity, contextualising this intervention with the need for a structuring of aggregation spaces, open to all religious and secular bodies, concretely present in the social fabric. The construction of buildings intended for religious worship or, as more recently defined, of "equipment of common interest for religious purposes" is a matter by its nature suspended between the protection of religious freedom - even in its expression of collective law - and the legislation urbanism.

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli edifici di culto come testimonianze di tradizioni religiose e culturali - 2. Peculiarità degli edifici di culto delle chiese ortodosse - 3. Il patrimonio storico e culturale greco-ortodosso - 4. La presenza delle comunità russofone - 5. Le altre circoscrizioni ecclesiastiche. La diocesi romena d’Italia. Le Comunità serba e bulgara - 6. Rilevanza della cultura armena.

Orthodox buildings of worship in Italy as testimonies of the faith, memories and culture of peoples

ABSTRACT: The buildings of worship testify and recall religious and cultural traditions of citizens-faithful, even when they are places of worship of the Eastern Churches, in species pertaining to the Greek Orthodox or Russian Orthodox cult, long present and officiated in Italy. The role of buildings already used for Roman Catholic worship and now given, in various capacities, to other Eastern Orthodox Churches is different. The centuries-old presence of Armenian culture in some areas of Italy is worth mentioning.

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Il quadro delle posizioni della dottrina e l’orientamento della giurisprudenza - 3. L’impignorabilità delle cose sacre prevista dall’art. 514, n. 1 c.p.c. e le asimmetrie con la disciplina prevista dall’art. 831, secondo comma, c.c. - 4. L’ambito applicativo del divieto di “espropriazione” degli edifici di culto contenuto nella legislazione bilaterale - 5. Le conseguenze della limitata attitudine del bene a essere oggetto di negozi e delle eccezionali condizioni di un suo utilizzo redditizio - 6. Conclusioni.

On the matter of whether religious buildings are assets exempt from execution

ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to answer the question of wheter religious buildings are assets exempt from execution. To do so, the Author examines specifically the protection offered to places of Catholic worship by the Agreement, with additional Protocol, between Italy and the Holy See, signed in Rome on 18 February 1984 (amending the Lateran Concordat of 11 February 1929). In the following of the article, a “de facto” incompatibility between proceeding of execution and some features of these goods is highlighted.

SOMMARIO: 1. Pluralismo religioso e luoghi di culto - 2. Gli edifici di culto nell’ordinamento italiano - 2.1. La normativa unilaterale statale: una tutela plurifunzionale - 2.2. La normativa pattizia, tra garanzia e promozione degli interessi religiosi - 2.3. La legislazione urbanistica e antisismica - 2.4. Apertura e finanziamento degli edifici di culto - 3. I luoghi di culto delle confessioni religiose prive di intesa - 4. La questione dei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Osservazioni conclusive.

Religious freedom and places of worship in Italian Law

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the complex legal framework and major issues concerning the churches and other places of worship in Italian legislation, which aims to protect an extraordinary historical and artistic heritage but, in the same time, is marked by an increasing inadequacy in order to meet the needs of new religious communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Attività d’impresa degli enti religiosi: il contenzioso come indicatore di performance del sistema italiano delle esenzioni - 2. L’endiadi ente/attività nella giurisprudenza: un caso recente - 3. I centri culturali islamici e i Gurdwara sikh: dalla indefinibilità alle soggettività del terzo settore - 4. Segue: La particolare difficoltà di qualificazione delle attività d’impresa nei luoghi di culto islamici - 5. Attività e accesso alle agevolazioni tributarie: la non discriminazione attraverso il Codice del Terzo settore (CTS) - 6. Segue: Le APS islamiche: la positiva esperienza nel Comune di Torino rispetto alla riconoscibilità dei soggettivi passivi tributari - 7. L’autonomia imperfetta, o secondo diritto comune, degli enti delle religioni prive di intesa.

Tax subjectivity and taxability of business activities held in religious places

ABSTRACT: The activities of ecclesiastical institutions, different from those of worship and religion and carried out by entrepreneurial method and rules of the free market, are subject to ordinary taxation. Otherwise, according to our Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice, they would go against the ban of so called incompatible state aid (art. 107, § 1, TFEU), as the status that every national law acknowledges to a artificial person is irrelevant. The Islamic cultural centers, the Sikh Gurdwara are generally in a limbo with a possible discrimination in the enforcement of the regulation under art. 8 of the Constitution. This paper, however, points out a few associative models, that the ecclesiastical institutions could implement so that their religious places can enjoy at least the common exemptions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Crisi e persistenza del modello pattizio. Riscrivere la trama della libertà religiosa in Italia - 3. Una proposta “flessibile” orientata alle differenze e all’interazione - 4. I nuovi confini della libertà religiosa della persona - 5. La libertà di coscienze e di religione del minore - 6. Scuola pubblica, libertà religiosa e “nuovi spazi” di confronto per tutti: quello che serve e quello che la proposta non dice - 7. L’integrazione attraverso il lavoro - 8. Assistenza spirituale e libertà di manifestazione del pensiero - 9. Gli spazi della libertà religiosa e i “luoghi della memoria” - 10. Ministri di culto e non solo - 11. Per una libertà religiosa collettiva veramente democratica: rilievi critici - 12. La società cambia, la legge dello Stato arranca, il matrimonio “canonico” resta - 13. Intese per tutti? - 14. Quello che manca nella proposta di legge – 15. Conclusioni.

Remarks on the Bill Proposal "Norms on Freedom of Conscience and Religion" Made by the Working Group Coordinated by the Astrid Association

ABSTRACT: This contribution is a comment on the draft law on religious freedom proposed by some scholars of the ASTRID Foundation. The law is proposed in the context of a national and European political environment, which is constantly changing and evolving. This analysis is focused on some specific aspects of the proposal, by assessing their limits and their potential offers some theoretical reflections with the aim of contributing to a scholarly and intellectual debate, which should offer arguments, aimed at promoting and protecting fundamental freedoms and rights as envisaged by the Constitution.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione. - 2. La qualificazione “religiosa” dei beni culturali. - 3. La legislazione vigente. - 4. Le pertinenze degli edifici di culto. - 5. Casi pratici di sacrificio dell'interesse religioso. In particolare, il caso della Madonna del parto di Piero della Francesca. - 6. Beni culturali e beni comuni.

The protection of religious interest of cultural heritage: reflections between ius conditum and ius condendum

ABSTRACT: The current perspective, with regard to cultural heritage of religious interest, needs a legislative adjustment on the new person's protection request. The exam of many practical cases shows, in this matter, that national and economic interests take precedence over religious interests. The reason for this is that many cultural goods of religious interest belong to the State, which claims his exclusive right to use and administer them. It is important to analyze the different interests of the State and the Church, but it is very difficult to find a balance between them. To solve this problem, we can connect the category of the cultural heritage of religious interest to the category of "common goods". The latter goods protect fundamental rights and consider person as the major user of these goods, without taking into account the public and private owners of them. In fact, the cultural heritage of religious interest affects different constitutional rights of the individual, such as the rights relating to the personality, the right to freedom of religion and the right to freedom of art. It is therefore important to consider the needs of the individual to design a correct protection of the cultural heritage of religious interest.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per un pluralismo “ragionevole” di fronte ai mutamenti sociali - 2. Dalla teoria alla pratica: alcuni aspetti della “questione” islamica nelle contraddizioni politiche e giuridiche del presente - 3. Una premessa di metodo: la libertà religiosa nel modello democratico costituzionale. Aporie persistenti e spunti di riforma (ma siamo ancora agli inizi) - 4. Diritto fondamentale alla moschea vs “Registro pubblico delle moschee” - 5. Un Albo per gli imam (e altre cose) - 6. Conclusioni.

Religious Freedom and the right of Muslim communities. Some critical remarks on two recent draft laws on mosques and imams

ABSTRACT: This contribution starts from the proposal of two draft laws on Islam in Italy (one on the legal status of mosques and the other on imams), which deal with concrete issues that the country faces, taking into consideration the multicultural context of Italy. So far, the approach of the Italian political class has been quite conservative and not willing to take into account possible solutions offered by the Constitution, such as the protection of basic human rights. The solutions have been more focused on the potential lack of trust towards Muslim communities and on legal solutions not fully integrated within a wider European approach. The proposed solutions appear therefore to be more the result of ad hoc approaches, influenced by considerations of real politik, than tools fully in line with the requirements of the Constitutional protection of human rights.