Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto ecclesiastico comparato e straniero

SOMMARIO: 1. Delimitazione del tema d’indagine - 2. Gli epigoni giurisprudenziali del caso Lautsi in una recente sentenza del Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per la Sardegna - 3. L’art. 28 della legge francese di separazione del 9 dicembre 1905 - 4. Il banco di prova dei monumenti ai caduti edificati dopo la legge del 1905 - 5. Le oscillazioni interpretative della giurisprudenza amministrativa in materia di esposizione dei presepi - 6. I dubbi sulla “riscrittura” dell’art. 28 operata dal Conseil d’État - 7. Le sorti della statua “fuorilegge” di papa Giovanni Paolo II - 8. La “prova di forza” della Slovacchia nella vicenda della moneta commemorativa dei Santi Cirillo e Metodio - 9. Conclusioni: trasfigurazione dei simboli o della laicità?

“To each his own cross”. Disparate remarks concerning the public display of Christian symbols in the European public sphere (with specific regard to Article 28 of the French Separation Law)

ABSTRACT: The present essay takes as a starting point some recent case law on the so-called “institutional” display of religious symbols (and in particular Christian symbols), in Italy and other European countries. The analysis focuses on both the French legal system and some recent rulings of the administrative jurisprudence, which seems to mark a shift from the more consolidated and traditional reading keys of the “secularism”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Misure di trasparenza adottate nell’ambito della Santa Sede- 3. Legislazione spagnola in materia di trasparenza- 4. Il nuovo Portale di Trasparenza della CEE- 5. L’Accordo tra la CEE e TIE: profilo soggettivo- 6. L’Accordo tra la CEE e TIE: profilo sostanziale - 7. Riflessioni conclusive - 8. Appendice: Testo integro dell’Accordo tra la CEE e TIE.

The commitment of the Spanish Bishops' Conference in favor of Transparency: the Transparency Portal and the Agreement with Transparency International España

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes two recent measures adopted by the Spanish Bishops' Conference to increase its level of transparency. The first of these measures is the creation of a new Transparency Portal in which a great deal of information is collected on institutional, legal and economic aspects related both to the Spanish Bishops' Conference itself and to other entities of the Catholic Church in Spain. As the present article shows, it is possible to establish a parallelism between the information provided on that website and some of the active publicity obligations established by Spanish Transparency Act. The second of the measures analyzed is the Agreement signed by the Spanish Bishops' Conference and Transparency International España. Through this Agreement, the Spanish Episcopal Conference is committed to adopt measures to increase its levels of Transparency.

SOMMARIO: 1. Libertà religiosa e protezione internazionale: note introduttive e di metodo - 2. La nozione di religione perseguitata - 3. I contenuti di tutela della libertà religiosa dei perseguitati - 4. Le condizioni di riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato religioso - 5. La procedura di valutazione delle domande - 6. Conclusioni.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Diritto e religione in Marocco: la libertà religiosa nella Costituzione del 2011 - 3. L’apostasia nel diritto islamico: cenni - 4. Il codice penale marocchino e la fatwā del 2013 - 5. Il Consiglio Superiore degli Ulema: prerogative e valenza dei suoi interventi - 6. “La via degli Ulema” (Sabīl al-‘ulamā’) e la rinnovata interpretazione sull’apostasia - 7. Il Marocco e la “via di Marrakech”: un segnale per il futuro?

Freedom of Religion and Freedom from Religion in Morocco: The Interpretative Revision on Apostasy

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes a recent step taken by the Kingdom’s Ulama that distances from the traditional meaning of apostasy and of the penalty given for this offense. According to this document, Murtadd would not be the one who leaves Islam for another religion, but the one who betrays the group he belongs to. Apostasy was therefore political, not doctrinal. In this sense, the document represents an essential progress for the qualification of religious freedom in Morocco (on the same way already indicated by the Marrakesh Declaration).

SOMMARIO: 1. Discorsi odiosi - 2. La repressione giuridica delle idee odiose: vecchie difese, nuovi difesi - 3. Le ragioni del contrasto giuridico ai discorsi d’odio - 4. Due direttrici nella giustificazione della repressione giuridica del discorso d’odio.

Forbidden hate: the legal repression of hate speech

ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is two-folded. First, it offers a general overview of the legal repression of various categories of expressive behaviours ascribed to the notion of hate speech. Especially in Europe, such repression often passes through criminalization, long since used by law to suppress thoughts or points of view for some reason considered harmful. The social groups nowadays protected by such repressive measures, however, are different from the past: weak and/or minoritarian groups rather than strong and/or majoritarian ones. The second aim of this work is to identify the reasons for the legal repression of expressions, beliefs or doctrines certainly in many cases morally deplorable, yet protected by other high-ranking legal reasons: the principles of freedom of thought and speech. It will be noted that especially for untargeted hate speech not connected to a clear and present danger of unlawful actions, there is no general agreement about those reasons. Furthermore, they tend to be structured in justifications showing some typical flaws of, respectively, deontological and teleological reasoning: the former tend to be superficial as apodictic, generic and vacuous; the latter tend to evade the argumentative burdens of factual order from which their validity depends.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le sfide del nuovo multiculturalismo in materia matrimoniale - 2. La riforma del processo matrimoniale canonico e le sue potenziali ricadute sul giudizio di delibazione - 3. Il processus brevior - 4. La crisi della bilateralità - 5. Il “mite” pluralismo statunitense e le nuove “anti-sharia laws” - 6. L’esperienza del pluralismo “forte” israeliano e i suoi effetti sulle minoranze - 7. Modelli di pluralismo a confronto.

Pluralism in Marriage: the New Challenges of the “Overlapping Jurisdictions”

ABSTRACT: The challenges of the “new multiculturalism” in the field of marriage law regard not only which forms of marriage should be recognized by the State but also the forums in which marriage cases can be adjudicated and the role of faith-based laws and religious courts in democratic and secular legal systems. Religious groups increasingly ask for accommodation of their cultural identities; however, a growing skepticism concerning forms of religious jurisdiction is developing in regimes devoted to individual liberties, which employ public policy as grounds to vacate religious rulings. The present paper highlights the need for Western States to update and exploit the full potential of their legal instruments in order to prevent restrictions on collective and individual religious freedom in matters of marriage.

La lecture de l’ouvrage de Philippe Portier, L’État et les religions en France. Une sociologie historique de la laïcité, est particulièrement stimulante pour ceux qui s’intéressent à la recherche des facteurs favorisant l’évolution des formes et des techniques juridiques élaborées par un Etat face au phénomène religieux.

De ce point de vue spécifique, j’apprécie l’effort accompli par Portier pour exposer et argumenter la thèse selon laquelle, à l’intérieur des lignes brisées qui délimitent le polygone correspondant à l’espace géopolitique occupé par la France continentale - et qui ont conduit à calquer la figure géométrique définie dans son emploi originel de “laïcité hexagonale” comme synonyme de laïcité à la française -, se serait en fait inscrit peu à peu, à partir d’un certain moment historique et pour l’avenir, un modèle vivant de laïcité tout autre que dur et rigide, qui aurait progressivement amené la France à s’adoucir par rapport aux religions et mériterait donc d’être représenté par un dessin plus conforme à la réalité actuelle. (continue)

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Caracteres esenciales del sistema matrimonial en Irlanda del Norte - 3. La sentencia de la High Court de 9 de junio de 2017 en el caso In Re Laura Smyth - 4. Conclusiones: hacia el pleno reconocimiento de los matrimonios de creencia en las islas británicas.

The recognition of the so called belief marriages in Northern Ireland: a revolutionary High Court decision (9 June 2017)

ABSTRACT: In a context in which most other countries in the British Islands have allready recognised the validity of the so called belief marriages, very recently the Northern Ireland High Court has delivered its decision in the case In Re Laura Smyth, concerning the autorisation of humanist celebrants to perform a legally valid and binding humanist wedding ceremony in Northern Ireland, as it had been requested by the applicant in this case. In this extremely important decision, Mr Justice Colton declares that the initial denial by the General Register Office of the applicant’s request was in breach of section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 as contrary to the applicant’s rights under Article 9 and Article 14 ECHR, and consequently makes a declaration against the General Register Office in order to grant the application for the requested temporary authorisation to humanist celebrants. This paper summarizes and conducts a preliminary analysis of this decision’s content.

SUMMARY: 1. The value of religious law in modern (and secular) states - 2. Religious rules and individual choices in Europe - 3. Religious law and the fields in which it can operate effectively - 4. The rules of religious courts in civil legal systems - 4.1 ... The direct referral to religious laws - 4.2. The pronounces of religious courts and its importance for faithful - 5. The development of Religious Arbitration Courts in Italy - 6. Does religious jurisdiction another side of religious freedom?

SOMMARIO: 1. La riproposizione da parte della Corte di Giustizia dello schema collaudato dell’“assorbimento” delle forme di rilevanza del fenomeno religioso nelle regole (e nelle logiche) del libero mercato - 2. La vicenda oggetto del rinvio pregiudiziale - 3. Le valutazioni di merito operate dalla Corte - 4. Le analogie con la vicenda italiana riguardante l’esenzione ICI/IMU degli immobili degli enti ecclesiastici cattolici non esclusivamente destinati a fini di culto - 5. I riflessi della sentenza sulla fiscalità agevolata degli enti ecclesiastici prevista dall’ordinamento italiano - 6. La questione dell’incidenza di tale tipo di controversie sulla clausola di salvaguardia dello status riconosciuto dal diritto nazionale alle Confessioni religiose (art. 17 TFUE) - 7. La “copertura” costituzionale della normativa di derivazione concordataria e il principio del primato del diritto dell’Unione - 8. Struttura internamente composita dell’identità dell’Unione, in seno alla quale si dà il principio del primato del diritto eurounitario come pure quello della salvaguardia dei principi fondamentali degli ordinamenti nazionali, e necessità che, caso per caso (e con la tecnica del bilanciamento), si raggiunga e tenga fermo l’equilibrio tra gli stessi - 9. Struttura parimenti composita dell’identità costituzionale dello Stato e modi di farla valere al momento (e per effetto) dell’ingresso in ambito interno di norme di origine esterna, alla luce del bisogno di affermazione di tutti i principi fondamentali (in ispecie, di quelli espressivi della coppia assiologica fondamentale di libertà e uguaglianza) - 10. Diritto concordatario versus diritto eurounitario: conflitto reale o apparente? - 11. Il significato della decisione qui annotata al piano delle relazioni istituzionali: verso una rimessa a punto del rinvio pregiudiziale e dell’equilibrio per il suo tramite raggiungibile tra la Corte dell’Unione e il giudice nazionale?