Contenuti per la categoria: Diritto canonico

A leading guide for the new generations of Ecclesiastical and Canon Law scholars, the ones who got questions instead of offering answers

ABDTRACT: These brief notes just pretend to suggest some issues concerning a deepened anthology of essays written by an influential scholar, presented and collected by his colleagues of different approaches and generations. It definitely means to underline peculiar and still not completely explored issues in both Ecclesiastical and Canon Law: the liberty of conscience and the importance of religious freedom in defending fundamental human rights, the scientific purpose to investigate and analyse the still ongoing relevance of a renewed "Church" for a changing world. Rinaldo Bertolino's thoughts seem in this sense a gift to the youngest scholars, encouraging them to have more questions than answers.

Riflessioni sul “giusto processo” in diritto canonico, sullo sfondo del riequilibrio in corso fra diritti e poteri nella Chiesa cattolica *

Reflections on due process in canon law, against the background of the ongoing rebalancing of rights and powers in the Catholic Church *

SOMMARIO: 1. Tra ‘agàpe’ e storia. Una premessa neotestamentaria - 2. (segue) Potere giudiziario e sovranità binaria. Il diritto divino dei vescovi - 3. “Heri dicebamus”? Sul tentativo curiale di ridurre il Vaticano II a mero evento culturale - 4. Origini e sviluppo dell’opposizione anticonciliare: il terreno del processo - 5. La prima controriforma vaticana: la “Nova agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine” - 6. Resilienze (non sopprimibili) di una costituzione materiale parallela? - 7. Persistenze storico-culturali di fatti compiuti prevaricanti e diritto di resistenza - 8. (segue): a) Su un “golpe Gasparri” in danno di due diversi progetti di giustizia amministrativa - 9. b) … e sulla “falsa” giustizia amministrativa del card. Grocholewski (e suoi) - 10. c) Lo sconcerto della scoperta nel clero di pratiche corruttive su minori - 11. (segue) … e l’abnorme deriva inquisitoria dei processi de delictis gravioribus - 12. Sulla voluta inattuazione dei tribunali amministrativi interdiocesani - 13. Sulle odierne, inedite sperimentazioni in tema di contenzioso matrimoniale - 14. Tra rescritti di giustizia e giurisdizione inter partes: un sottaciuto tema fondamentale - 15. Dalla frammentazione (relitto amaro di incertezze strategiche) a un ritorno al Lateranense IV?

ABSTRACT: The essay notes a continuity, starting with the Tridentine, in the deviation from the fundamental principles of what we today call 'due process', imposed by Innocent III since the Council Lateran IV. The progressive spread of special jurisdictions seemed to express the degradation of certain principles and values of medieval common law, from which canon law was gradually moving away. The 1917 code is to be seen as the final sanction and ratification of that involutional process. The author then examines the 1983 reform, which moved between reforming timidity and curial overbearingness: the special jurisdictions were untouchable; the planned chapter on administrative tribunals was deleted in extremis. The impression is that no serious follow-up has been given to the reforms ordered by Paul VI in fulfilment of the Council mandate, starting with the Doctrinal Dicastery. In fact, the centralist innovation as codified in 1917 substantially persists. It is to this petrified block, rebuilt under the two pontificates following Pope Montini, that Pope Francis I attempts to react with innovative ideas that however appear technically imprecise, and in many ways inadequate to the actual dimensions of the Holy See's overall non-fulfilment of the conciliar mandate. Against the backdrop of these perhaps promising innovative signs, Pope Francis appears on the other hand invariably opposed by the Curia, both in the field of substantive and procedural law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il contributo in generale dell’Avvocato al processo matrimoniale - 3. Il ruolo dell’Avvocato nella fase pregiudiziale - 4. Il libello quale cardine del Processus brevior - 5. Il ridimensionamento del ruolo del DV nel Processus brevior - 6. La centralità del ruolo dell’Avvocato quale conseguenza anche del ridimensionamento delle attribuzioni del Tribunale - 7. Conclusioni.

 The Attorney’s contribution for the purposes of Processus brevior

ABSTRACT: This paper concerns the centrality of the attorney in the Processus brevior. Because the Processus brevior’s particular structure compresses the ordinary canonical resources granted by the Legislator to the subjects involved in a matrimonial trial, the attorney becomes its principal director. In particular, the Libellus in a Processus brevior is not a canvas as in the ordinary process but becomes a script binding all parties intending to go ahead with this special canonical instrument until the desired sentence declaring the nullity of marriage.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il caso del Montenegro: identità nazionale e identità religiosa - 3. La costruzione di un’identità nazionale - 4. Prodromi di un divorzio annunciato - 5. Personalità giuridica delle Chiese e patrimonio religioso - 6. Beni culturali contesi - 7. Verso una risoluzione dei contrasti con la Chiesa ortodossa serba? - 8. Patrimonio culturale montenegrino e ruolo delle organizzazioni internazionali - 9. Conclusioni.

 Religious freedom, cultural heritage and identity: the case of Montenegro

ABSTRACT: With the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the Balkan populations found themselves having to face the necessity of replacing their common Slavic origins with national identities that found a solid point of reference in religion. The cultural heritage, at first common thanks to Tito's unifying work, became again the heritage of the single nationalities and the object of ethnic-local identity claims. In this situation, the anchorage to cultural heritage and the particular care taken by governments to claim its management and control, become instruments of identity whose effects inevitably reverberate on the delicate balance between the religious communities present in the different territories. The case of Montenegro shows the complicated relationship between the protection of cultural heritage, national identities and religious belonging to the different components of Orthodoxy, each of which claims exclusive and unique ownership over their respective territories, thus contributing to rewrite the contents of cultural heritage, reducing it to an increasingly local dimension. Thanks to the work of international organizations such as UNESCO with "its" world heritage and the Council of Europe, which is working to promote diversity and dialogue in the field of cultural heritage, this regains its dignity, respecting the citizens' feelings and their quality of life.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione: per una transizione ecologica integrale - 2. La varietà dei modelli eco-culturali dei soggetti del pluralismo etico-religioso - 3. Le associazioni animaliste e lo stile di vita vegano - 4. Le comunità smart dell’economia collaborativa sostenibile - 5. Le imprese socialmente responsabili - 6. Le “società benefit” - 7. I domini collettivi e le cooperative di comunità nella gestione dei beni comuni - 8. La tutela dei siti naturali d’interesse culturale - 9. Le organizzazioni agresti di impegno sociale - 10. Il sostegno finanziario delle banche etiche allo sviluppo sostenibile - 11. Conclusione: un ulteriore impegno per l’ecclesiasticista.

Integral ecology and ethical-religious pluralism

ABSTRACT: The contribution intends to attest the interest for the scholar of ecclesiastical law for the phenomenon of ecological transition, in which some confessional bodies, as well as groups, associations and communities of people who are differently oriented from the ethical-cultural point of view, driven by a resilience movement induced by the social and environmental crisis, they are involved in various ways. They, in pursuing what Pope Francis defined, in the encyclical Laudato si', “integral ecology”, combine attention to the protection of creation and the expression of the personality of man, through the implementation of initiatives based on a new development model.

Sommario: 1. La perfezione del creato come epifania di Dio - 2. Lo sguardo laico e quello della Chiesa di fronte al disordine ecologico - 3. La creazione come atto di affidamento all’uomo - 4. Ineludibili implicazioni etico-giuridiche del munus di custodia. Dall’aversio alla conversio: rieducare alla responsabilità solidale - 5. Conclusioni.

 Aversio to Deo: the origin of ecological reflection in the papal magisterium from Leo XIII to Francis

ABSTRACT: This study aims to retrace some fundamental stages of the Social Doctrine of the Church in relation to the emergence of sensitivity on the issues of the environmental question which translates into the magisterium of the Popes, from Leo XIII onwards, with the ecological question understood in a broader sense. The key point is represented by the identification of man's responsibility for his aversion to Deo and the custody mandate that was entrusted to him by the creator. The solution can be found in the recovery of respect for the natural order and solidarity between creatures in the frame of human ecology.

SOMMARIO: Premessa - 1. La Chiesa Ortodossa Macedone - 2. Problemi giuridici della costituzione della Chiesa Ortodossa (autocefala) di Ohrid - 3. Gli effetti dell’autocefalia e il consolidamento dello Stato della Macedonia del Nord - 4. L’ortodossia tra autocefalia e pluralismo confessionale - 5. L’ecumene ortodossa e la problematica gestione della diaspora - 6. Il ruolo dei Patriarcati della diaspora nel rinnovamento dell’Ortodossia.

Orthodox autocephaly and confessional pluralism in Northern Macedonia

ABSTRACT: The paper reconstructs the history of the Macedonian Orthodox Church and the path that led it, after many vicissitudes, to obtain autocephaly from the Serbian Orthodox Church, with the name of the Orthodox Church of Ohrid, using the mediation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The implications of the affair are analyzed with the schism that opposes the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Russian Patriarchate and its repercussions on pan-Orthodox relations, also in relation to the Orthodox diaspora.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il tema - 2. L’attività ecclesiale di Costantinopoli nella diaspora - 3. Azione pastorale nella diaspora rivendicata da alcune Chiese - 4. Controversie in materia di giurisdizione episcopale - 5. L’esarcato moscovita per l’Africa - 6. Il ruolo del patriarcato ecumenico e del patriarcato moscovita nell’odierna ortodossia - Appendice.

Recent disputes on territorial jurisdiction in Orthodoxy: the Exarchate Moscow for Africa

ABSTRACT: The pastoral activity of Constantinople and other autocephalous churches in the diaspora. The consequent controversies on the episcopal jurisdiction. The Moscovite Exarchate for Africa. The role of the Moscow patriarchate in today's Orthodoxy.

SOMMARIO: Sezione I - Dalla fine del Concilio Vaticano II alla codificazione giovanneo-paolina: premesse alla Costituzione Apostolica Pascite gregem Dei del 2021 - 1. Il diffuso antigiuridismo postconciliare e i caratteri del Libro VI del Codex Iuris Canonici promulgato nel 1983 - 2. Lo scarso ‘riscontro sperimentale’ e gli ostacoli attuativi incontrati. Il trauma della cosiddetta ‘pedofilia’, l’impulso di Joseph Ratzinger, poi Benedetto XVI, in particolare nella repressione dei delicta graviora, e il progressivo smantellamento delle garanzie codiciali - 3. I protratti lavori preparatori in una stagione di concitate riforme legislative: gli ultimi provvedimenti normativi di papa Francesco prima della promulgazione del Libro VI De sanctionibus poenalibus in Ecclesia - Sezione II - La Pars I, De delictis et poenis in genere. 1. ‘Munus pastorale’ e pena nel prisma di una triplice ma unitaria finalità - 2. Un indiscusso passo avanti nella definizione delle pene, con alcune criticità da dipanare nel tragitto verso il maggior rigore - 3. Titulus IV, De poenis aliisque punitionibus: le novità - 4. A cavallo tra diritto penale sostanziale e processuale. Annotazioni sparse: dal risarcimento del danno alla procedura giudiziale versus quella amministrativa, dalla presunzione di innocenza alla prescrizione - Sezione III - La Pars II, De singulis delictis deque poenis in eadem constitutis - 1. Pregi sistematici, new entries e alcune ombre residue cagionate da una tecnica redazionale talora claudicante - 2. Problematicità di alcune fattispecie - 3. Il clou della riforma: i delitti di abuso, volano della riforma del diritto penale della Chiesa. Le fattispecie previste nel Codex Iuris Canonici - 4. Una non semplice sovrapposizione normativa - Sezione IV - Pronostici e auspici, ancora, de iure condendo - 1. Riprendere in mano il Libro VII De processibus - 2. Adeguare il Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium - 3. Ripensare competenza e organizzazione giudiziaria.

The Book VI De sanctionibus poenalibus in Ecclesia: innovations and some critical gleanings

ABSTRACT: Following a description of the development of Penal Canon Law after the Second Vatican Council and the 1983 codification, the essay dwells on an analysis of the most relevant innovations that were introduced in the new Book VI of the Code of Canon Law, which entered into forces as of December 8, 2021. It consists in a depiction that underlines the qualities and the improvements that were produced by the amendment promulgated by Pope Francis: but it also highlights some flaws regarding the drafting and the overall coordination of the Penal Canon legislation, both within and outside the Code. The most problematic profile among those that are examined is the one concerning the prevention and the repression of sexual abuses, of conscience and of authority: which is the dramatic challenge that the ecclesial community has had to face in the last thirty years. Lastly, in a de iure condendo perspective, we present some other interventions that the supreme legislator should promptly adopt in order to finally provide the Church with a Penal system that - both on the substantial and on the procedural side - is balanced, efficient and, above all, responding to justice.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La progressiva semplificazione normativa del passaggio alla via amministrativa - 3. La clausola “de consensu partium” del can. 1681 - 4. Interrelazioni tra processo di nullità e procedimento di scioglimento - 5. L’interpretazione del nuovo can. 1678, § 4 - 6. La decisione del tribunale in caso di disaccordo tra le parti circa il passaggio alla via amministrativa - 7. Una proposta de iure condendo.

The transition from the marriage nullity case to dissolution of non-consummated marriage procedure according to can. 1678, § 4 *

ABSTRACT: The Motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus has simplified the transition from a marriage nullity case in progress to that of dissolution of non-consummated procedure: it is no more required that the parties consent to but that they be heard. After a brief historical excursus on the subject, starting from the Pius-Benedictine Code, the study aims, first, at understanding the underlying rationale of the new provision of canon 1678 § 4, and then at exploring the concrete ways in which it is to be applied, especially in the event of disagreement between the parties on the transition. Finally, on the basis of the praxis of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, de iure condendo a proposal is made.