SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. L’orizzonte sociale di riferimento: a) la presenza pubblica delle religioni e la super-diversità sociale – 3. L’orizzonte sociale di riferimento: b) le identità religiose e l’integrazione sociale – 4. La laicità alla prova dell’integrazione sociale – 5. La laicità tra pluralismo religioso e pluralismo culturale – 6. L’integrazione sociale, e le ambigue conseguenze del principio di laicità .
SOMMARIO: 1. La laicidad es un problema cultural, no politico - 2. La esfera pública y su neutralidad - 3. La razón religiosa y la razón secular en la esfera pública - 4. La esfera pública y los valores públicos.
ABSTRACT: The concept of secularism can be understood in a political perspective or in a legal one. However, secularism is frequently identified with the concept of neutrality, so committing an epistemological error. In this essay, I try to demonstrate that the religious logos is indistinguishable from secular reason, and they both have the same dignity in the public debate. Finally, the article seeks to demonstrate that secularism in pluralistic societies, requires the cooperative research of the values inherent in social practices, in a perspective that is neither relativistic nor ideological.
SOMMARIO: 1. Avant propos – 2. Le concept de l’objection de conscience – 3. L’objection de conscience dans la modernité – 4. L’objection comme témoignage.
ABSTRACT – In pluralistic societies there’s a very strong conflict between legal universalism and moral particularism. In this context, the conscientious objection tends to change its meaning: it is no longer the opposition to a specific rule, but it becomes a form of a radical opposition to the law. This paper, with an analysis of the objection, its forms and its meaning, tries to show how it should be again a chance to witness the truth. This possibility, which is essential for religious people, should be pursued regardless of any legal recognition.