Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e società

SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Il caso oggetto delle sentenze in commento - 3. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili: notazioni socio-antropologiche - 4. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili come esempio paradigmatico di reato culturalmente motivato - 5. I riflessi sulla tipicità - 6. I riflessi sull’antigiuridicità: il consenso dell’avente diritto - 7. segue: l’esercizio di un diritto - 8. I riflessi sulla colpevolezza: l’oggetto del dolo - 9. segue: la conoscibilità del precetto - 10. La dosimetria sanzionatoria - 11. Considerazioni conclusive - Bibliografia - Appendice.

Cultural crimes and ignorantia legis: about the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione as regards female genital mutilation

ABSTRACT: The essay analyzes the first judgment of Italian Corte di Cassazione about female genital mutilation. After the sociological and anthropological analysis of the causes of female genital mutilation, deals with the evolution of Italian criminal law against this cultural crime. In particular, the essay underlines the relation between culture and the main elements of crimes, investigating necessary adaptments of theoretical reconstructions to female genital mutilation and others cultural crimes too.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. L'accomodamento ragionevole: cenni - 3. Dalla laicità come metodo alla reasonable accommodation - 4. (segue) Limiti e aporie - 5. Spunti conclusivi.

Religious symbols and reasonable accommodation ‘all’italiana’ in the recent jurisprudence of legitimacy

ABSTRACT: With the judgment no. 24414/2021, the United Sections of the Court of Cassation identified reasonable accommodation as a possible solution to the issue of religious symbols in public school classrooms. The application of the instrument (traditionally used to protect freedom of religion and belief in the workplace) to the case at hand is undoubtedly characterized by original features that this paper aims to analyze. After having reconstructed the model of reasonable accommodation proposed by the Court, this article tries to verify whether the use of this instrument can be effective and applicable, from a technical-legal point of view, even in the public-school context, which involves principles endowed with axiological primacy, such as that of ‘laicità’. Brief concluding remarks will be addressed to the possible effects of this ruling in those areas of Law and Religion which are characterized by regulatory gaps and/or a high degree of conflict.

SOMMARIO: 1. Prologo - 2. A mo’ d’introduzione - 3. Storia delle origini od origini di una storia? - 4. Fra' tacere' e 'dire', fra 'ordinare' e 'interdire' ... - 5. Rottura di un equilibrio - 6. Emanciparsi dalla Sharîʻa o applicarla? La disputa fra Corano e Sunna - 7. Solo il Corano basta - 8. La critica degli orientalisti - 9. Ulteriori studi: ICMA (isnad-cum-matn analysis)- 10. Maqâsid al-Sharîʻa (le finalità della legge islamica) - 11. Stimoli e riflessioni da un tentativo di approccio comparativo - 12. Una possibile ‘inversione’ di tendenza? - 13. Con il tempo e con la paglia …

Quran and/or Sunna? Narrative and prescriptive function in the 'sources' of Islam
 
ABSTRACT: Even if in different forms and according to historical and anthropological factors that have conditioned their development, religions have a doctrinal part and precepts that can have different weight and priorities in each of them. Islam, which like Judaism is centered more on orthopraxis than on orthodoxy, over time and especially in the modern era, also in relation to the phenomenon of huge migrations of its faithful to the West, is faced with new challenges affecting its regulatory side. In this regard, various orientations and studies have long confronted each other and still animate a little-known debate outside the circle of specialists.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il caso - 3. L’iter processuale e gli argomenti. Materialità del fatto ed ermeneutica antropologica - 4. Un nuovo tassello nella cultural expertise: lo strumento della “audizione etnica” (escuta étnica) - 5. Il pluralismo giuridico dialogico e l’affidamento della sanzione alla comunità guaranì - 6. Il ruolo del giudice di fronte a pratiche culturali patriarcali - 7. Dal Brasile all’Europa: spunti di riflessione sui rapporti sessuali di infra-quattordicenni nel matrimonio rom e nella cultura italiana.

Culturally motivated crimes in Brazil: the case of rape/non-rape among the Guaranì Indians (with remarks on Roma early marriages) *

ABSTRACT: This article describes a culturally motivated crime that came to the attention of a Brazilian court: sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of fourteen in a Guaranì group, indios from the Mata Atlantica. The judge acquitted the accused taking into account the fact that in the Guaranì society a woman becomes an adult with menarche and that sexual initiation is widespread in this culture. The accused had violated the protocol of this initiation, for which he will be sanctioned according to the norms of Guaranì law. The Brazilian case allows for a series of observations on the debate on Roma early marriages that is taking place in Europe, and on the different treatment between sex acts in this context and sex acts between minors under fourteen years old and other teenagers in the majority cultures of Europe.

SOMMARIO: 1. La questione dell’aborto e la perdita di credibilità della Corte Suprema statunitense - 2. Una tempesta perfetta? - 3. La partita della fiducia.

The case of abortion: a slippery slope for SCOTUS?

ABSTRACT: The case of the right of abortion in the United States is going to represent much more than a mere legal question. The upcoming decision of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) on the matter involves its own credibility as a third party institution in a check and balance system where the SCOTUS is increasingly perceived as a political player. In this paper the A. tries to explore why it is so.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Il libro IV come introduzione al tema - 3. I magna latrocinia - 4. Lo svolgimento logico della tesi agostiniana sul rapporto tra Stato e giustizia - 5. Cristo come unico criterio per la giustizia/virtù/felicità - 6. Il libro XIX come allargamento dei confini della legittimità dello Stato - 7. Le due civitates - 8. L’assetto delle due città nel saeculum - 9. L’identificazione della CD con la Chiesa - 10. La predestinazione quale criterio di ascrizione alle due civitates - 11. Il DcD come strumento politico - 12. Una conseguenza imprevedibile (?): la secolarizzazione - 13. Conclusione.

Augustine’s De civitate Dei and its influence on the process of secularization of the State

ABSTRACT: Is justice essential to State? Augustine, in the fourth book of the City of God, starts with a strict idea of State, but then widens the definition: he grants that also an unjust - not based on the real God - State may be a real State. This option seems to be prominent in the process of secularization enacted in the last centuries, but it’s also connected to other matter: the predestination, the identification (or not) between the City of God and the Church, and so on. Methodologically, I tried to read what Augustine really wrote and not what others said about his works.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción- 2. La problemática de las identidades – 3. El diálogo interreligioso como instrumento para la consecución de la convivencia pacífica y su promoción por el Estado -4. Diálogo interreligioso y gobernanza ciudadana.

Interreligious dialogue and citizen governance

ABSTRACT: The 21st century has been characterized by the emergence of identity issues. The invocation of identity in a globalized world is on the agenda of all research centers and has generated a huge intellectual and political debate. Many of the conflicts that plague the contemporary world are based on identity. Exclusionary identitarianism, whether of a religious, ethnic or nationalist nature, has taken root in many societies. They are, as the writer Amin Maalouf called them, the "killer identities", exclusionary identities based on two fundamental concepts: the conception of an identity as unique, all-embracing of the individual, and the thesis of the scapegoat. The fight against these initiatives is complex and requires different instruments. One of these instruments, in the case of radicalized religious identities, could be the promotion by the public authorities of interreligious dialogue. These initiatives would be inserted in the new concept of governance and Open Government, which encourages citizen participation in the development of public policies. The current research formulates a proposal for the application of interreligious dialogue at the municipal level as a mechanism to combat religious radicalization and exclusionary identitarianism in the search for more plural and peaceful societies.

SOMMARIO: 1. Sulla chiarezza del quesito - 2. sul valore costituzionalmente necessario del suo oggetto - 3. sulla complessità dei suoi effetti di sistema.

Admissible? A few doubts about the referendum end-of- life

ABSTRACT: Does the proposal of the referendum end-of-life in Italy infringe on the constitutionally protected right to the life?  In the affirmative case the referendum would be inadmissible according to  the constitutional jurisprudence. In this paper there are exposed a few  doubts in this regard and also about the clarity of the question and the indirect effects on other rules, that reveal the complexities of the matter.

SOMMARIO: 1. La giusta presa di distanza da paradigmi di approccio dello Stato verso l’esperienza religiosa estranei al nostro modello costituzionale di diritto ecclesiastico - 2. L’esclusione del carattere discriminatorio del provvedimento adottato dal dirigente scolastico - 3. Il principio di laicità e l’interpretazione conforme a Costituzione dell’art. 118 del r.d. 30 aprile 1924, n. 965 - 4. L’ipotesi di una “incompletezza” della norma regolamentare in rapporto alle diverse esperienze e convinzioni di fede ridefinite in una dimensione prettamente storico-culturale - 5. I residui profili di peculiare rilevanza del crocifisso rispetto agli altri simboli religiosi - 6. Le competenze degli organi di autonomia scolastica in tema di esposizione dei simboli religiosi e la composizione dei conflitti affidata agli “accomodamenti ragionevoli” - 7. Brevi notazioni conclusive.

Crucifix “by Choice”. From Compulsory to Optional Display of Crucifixes in Italian Classrooms (Some Remarks on the Decision September 9th, 2021, no. 24414 of the United Sections of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation)

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the decision September 9th, 2021, no. 24414, of the United Sections of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, concerning the display of the crucifix in the classrooms. The Court has ruled that the presence of the crucifix on the wall does not discriminate against anyone. However, not the government authorities, but the students during an Assembly and the Class council must decide if display the crucifix and if eventually place other religious symbols next to it, seeking “reasonable accommodation” between the different positions of people in the school community.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una vexata quaestio e l’andamento carsico del suo periodico riproporsi - 2. Premessa di metodo: guardare un paesaggio consueto con nuovi occhi per scoprire orizzonti prima inesplorati - 3. I meri fatti e il caso sub judice come modo di “leggerli” - 4. Le questioni di merito: a) del buon uso dei simboli pubblici, veicoli di messaggi “istituzionali” o espressione di sentimenti popolari condivisi - 5. b) L’antica saggezza del “ragionevole accomodamento” come bussola tratta dalle esperienze multiculturali per navigare oggi il mare tempestoso del mondo variegato - 6. Dal diario di bordo di un vecchio professore.

Secularism as a critical dialogue respecting cultural differences

ABSTRACT: The ruling decision pronounced by the United Sections of the Supreme Court of Cassation in Italy, which calls for a “reasonable accomodation” about the posting of the crucifix in the class-rooms, as a precious opportunity to promote at the public school - primary place of socialization beyond family - dialogical practices of intercultural and inter-religious encounter.