SOMMARIO: 1. Prime considerazioni su diritto di asilo e protezione internazionale – 2. La giurisprudenza italiana - 3. La nozione di persecuzione religiosa secondo la Corte di Giustizia – 4. La Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo torna sul diritto di asilo: conversione, apostasia, rischio di persecuzione.
SOMMARIO: 1. Posizione del problema: alla ricerca di una comune matrice metodologica – 2. Una possibile giustificazione: il mito dell’androgino – 3. L’amore è (anche) un diritto? – 4. Conclusioni.
ABSTRACT: The debate concerning the rights and the duties of the same-sex couples is at the centre of the public discourse. It is, in fact, no longer confined to the life situations of the persons involved in homosexual relations. According with a classical perspective, which is in particular based on the Francesco Carnelutti’s thought, this essay tries to demonstrate that the link between the feeling of love and a juridical system – which seems now to be taken for granted – could be dangerous. As matter of fact, the Author thinks that the distinctionbetween those two spheres (love and juridical systems) is necessary, if not a prerequisite, for the right affirmation of the principle of equality.
Sommario : 1. Introduzione - 2. Libertà di religione ed espressione dell'identità culturale - 3. La costruzione delle moschee - 4. La vestizione del velo - 5. La pratica sommersa delle mutilazioni genitali femminili - 6. Il diritto di famiglia - 7. Il matrimonio - 8. I matrimoni poligamici - 9. I matrimoni forzati - 10. I diritti successori - 11. Ripudio e divorzio - 12. Kafalah e adozione - 13. Conclusioni. La necessaria unitarietà dell'ordinamento giuridico contro la discriminazione. Il caso delle giurisdizioni speciali shariaitiche: un’esperienza da non imitare.
The Cultural Impact of Islamic Mass Immigration on the Italian Legal System
ABSTRACT: Although Italy has been a country with a strong tradition of emigration, only in the last twenty-five years Italians have had to face the social, juridical and cultural problems related to high immigration hosted by this country. The majority of immigrants come from areas with Islamic religious tradition such as Northern and Central Africa and the Middle East. The cultural impact between the Italian Catholic tradition and the newcomers' faith and customs has been very strong, often problematic. The aim of this paper is to investigate the most relevant issues between the cultural and legal aspects of Islamic culture pertaining to immigrants living in Italy with the Italian legal system. The legal areas proposed for the investigation are related to self-determination, personal integrity and family law, especially for analyzing the impact of cultural differences on public policies and social behavior. The methodology used regards a comparative and a multidisciplinary approach.
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. I codici vestimentari sulla spiaggia: il caso del “burkini”: a) La condotta punita; b) La nozione di ordine pubblico; c) La “laicità di emergenza”; d) Il service public balnéaire – 3. Le ordinanze “anti-burkini” davanti al Tribunale amministrativo di Nizza: l’affermarsi di una “laicità di emergenza” – 4. Il Consiglio di Stato riforma l’ordinanza del Tribunale di Nizza – 5. Conclusioni: laicità liberale vs . laicità di emergenza.
ABSTRACT: The paper proposes a reflection on the relationship between religious freedom, laicity and terrorism. The reflection regards France, a country where, after the tragic attacks of Islamist matrix, some mayors have banned the use of burkinis on beaches. Starting from an examination of these measures and some rulings that have concerned them, the analysis focuses on the relationship between laicity, religious freedom and terrorism.
SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. Incidenza delle categorie religiose e culturali sulla performance dei servizi sanitari: a) barriere comunicative e inefficacia delle prestazioni erogate - 3. ( segue ): b) un possibile esito: l’incremento della “medicina difensiva” - 4. ( segue ): c) consenso informato, distanza culturale e responsabilità medica - 5. ( segue ): d) diritto all’autodeterminazione terapeutica, cure non convenzionali e trattamenti sanitari culturalmente qualificati - 6. Per un’attuazione differenziata del diritto alla salute.
ABSTRACT: The paper analyzes the impact of religious and cultural factor in the therapeutic relationship and the performance of health services, highlighting the need for management policies of religious and cultural diversity to achieve strategies and approaches to fair and efficient health care.
SOMMARIO: 1. Il cristianesimo in Albania tra oriente e occidente - 2. I cattolici di rito greco in Italia e il ruolo degli arbëreshë - 3. I cattolici di rito greco bizantino nel sud dell’Albania come testa di ponte verso i Balcani - 4. La persecuzione contro la Chiesa cattolica in Albania e la confisca dei beni ecclesiastici.
SUMMARY: 1. Aim of the study - 2. Defining medical treatment- 3. Treatment, consent and “religious grounds” - 4. The right to express one’s religion and medical consent - 5. The legitimate limitations on the right to refuse a treatment on religious grounds - 6. Capacity to refuse a treatment - 7. The genuineness of consent - 8. Refusal and children’s best interest – 9. Conclusive remarks.
ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the right of patients to refuse medical treatments on religious grounds and on the (supposed) right to the parents to refuse medical treatments on behalf of their children, emphasizing the links and connections between the freedom of religion, the right to self - determination and the right to refuse medical treatment based on religious motivations. After a comparison between the norms devoted to rule the exercise of these rights in the English (and Welsh) and Italian legal systems, the article suggests that the approach of medical staff towards a Refusal of Medical Treatment on Religious Grounds ought to start an intercultural process. This process ought to be a cross - cultural dialogue devoted not only to translate medical language in a language which can be fully
understood by the patient, but also to create a reciprocal comprehension between the (mainstream) ethnocultural communication codes and instances of the staff and the (nondominant) ethnocultural (and religious) communication codes and instances of the patient (or of his/her parents).
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. L’orizzonte sociale di riferimento: a) la presenza pubblica delle religioni e la super-diversità sociale – 3. L’orizzonte sociale di riferimento: b) le identità religiose e l’integrazione sociale – 4. La laicità alla prova dell’integrazione sociale – 5. La laicità tra pluralismo religioso e pluralismo culturale – 6. L’integrazione sociale, e le ambigue conseguenze del principio di laicità .
SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni preliminari. Le possibilità della lettura secondo il Magistero – 2. L’inquadramento pastorale: le molteplici opzioni dell’Episcopato – 3. L’inquadramento giuridico: il raccordo (ricercato) con le riforme ecclesiali – 4. Gli spunti di riflessione riguardo agli istituti civili – 5. Le molteplici fattispecie della crisi matrimoniale – 6. La conferma di una scelta metodologica importante: il contributo delle Conferenze episcopali – 7. Conclusioni (soltanto) provvisorie: gli “appunti di viaggio” per una Chiesa in cammino.
ABSTRACT: The post-synodal apostolic Exhortation by Pope Francis, Amoris Laetitia, represents a relevant document to understand the current interest in Canon Law’s studies about the legal condition of marriages and human families. Though the Exhortation obviously has a deep view about theological perspectives, juridical elements seem even more important and suggestive. The aim of this essay is to underline what the Exhortation could mean in terms of reforming positive rules, not only considering the legal status of marriage.
SOMMARIO. – 1. L’insegnamento religioso nella scuola pubblica italiana: un elemento di continuità nell’evoluzione storica – 2. Insegnamento religioso e modelli di scuola pubblica – 3. L’attuale disciplina dell’insegnamento religioso nella scuola pubblica italiana - 4. Lo stato giuridico dei docenti di religione - 5. La normativa delle Intese - 6. Le sfide attuali, tra motivi di continuità ed esigenze di rinnovamento – 7. Prospettive di riforma e spunti ricostruttivi – 8. La proposta di un insegnamento aconfessionale di religione - 9. Due piccole proposte: l’“education about religion” e il superamento dello “stato di non obbligo” – 10. Osservazioni conclusive.
Religious education in State schools in Italy: a national heritage to innovate
ABSTRACT: This paper examines, in the context of the country’s increasing religious diversity and the growing presence of religion in the public sphere, the regulation of religious education in public and State schools according to the Italian system of law. The latter actually provides an opt-in state-funded Catholic religious education together with the possibility of organizing optional religious education for all recognised denominations holding an agreement with the State. After some preliminary remarks on the origins and current contents of this legal framework, which reflects a difference of treatment among religions due to the cultural and historical background of the country, the paper focuses on some reform schemes that have been recently put forward. In particular, it examines in some detail the one concerning the introduction of a compulsory non-denominational course on religions, taking into consideration the pros and cons of each one. In the end it makes some conclusive remarks on the line of decisions of Italian courts on the issue and the impact of religious education as a whole upon the state schools’ system in Italy.