Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

SOMMARIO: 1. Le ragioni di una comparazione - 2. Il caso italiano: una breve cronistoria normativa - 3. Primi appunti giurisprudenziali per un corretto “bilanciamento” - 4. Verso un accomodamento ragionevole - 5. Il paradigma francese e l’opera di bilanciamento del Conseil d’État - 6. Alcune considerazioni in termini di bilanciamento fra libertà di culto e tutela della salute - 7. Minime notazioni di sistema a mo’ di conclusione.

The "perils" of religious freedom at the time of the pandemic: an impossible balance? Comparative remarks between Italy and France

ABSTRACT: The essay aims to analyze the measures adopted in the Italian and French legal systems to regulate the exercise of religious freedom during the Covid-19 emergency. The analysis is conducted by observing the various regulatory provisions in the light of the balancing test and the principles of proportionality and reasonableness. This way, the paper will try to verify the overall strength of the constitutional system in times of crisis and the protection of fundamental rights during an emergency.
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. “Breve durata” delle restrizioni e proporzio-nalità: l’interpretazione del Bundesverfassungsgericht - 3. Il Consiglio di Stato francese e la “question de proportionnalité” della libertà di culto - 4. “Secular gatherings” v. “secular businesses”: il tertium comparationis nella giurisprudenza della Corte Suprema statunitense - 5. Emergenza sanitaria e test di proporzionalità nella giurisprudenza di Strasburgo: brevi considerazioni de iure condendo - 6. Conclusioni.

Restrictions on Religious Freedom and the Principle of Proportionalitybefore the Courts: A Comparative Perspective

ABSTRACT: The emergency legislation through which the legal systems have tried to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated new forms of balancing health protection and other fundamental freedoms, including freedom of religion. The aim of this paper is to analyse the different ways in which the superior Courts have applied the principle of proportionality, with the purpose of trying to assess the extent to which the different sensitivity of judges (especially as regards the identification of the tertium comparationis) has affected the effective protection of freedom of religion during the pandemic. In particular, a comparison will be made among the statements of the Bundesverfassungsgericht, the Conseil d'État and the US Supreme Court, which have balanced the right to health and religious freedom. Short concluding remarks will be addressed to the possible role of Strasbourg jurisprudence in guiding the work of national judges dealing with the proportionality test, also in a post-pandemic perspective.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Metodo concertativo, bilateralità e laicità - Paesi diversi, bilanciamenti simili.

Concertative method and balancing techniques in the legal discipline of religious freedom in times of emergency (about the reports by Silvia Baldassarre, Simone Gianello and Paolo Zicchittu)

ABSTRACT: In this contribution, which takes its cue from the reports by Silvia Baldassarre, Simone Gianello and Paolo Zicchittu, the author makes some brief considerations about the method followed - and the balancing results achieved - by the political decision-maker in the emergency management of religious freedom.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: sui così detti limiti impliciti - 2. Le misure limitative della libertà religiosa alla prova dei test di bilanciamento - 3. Il ritorno della specialità (o del privilegio) nella seconda fase della pandemia.

The problem of limits to religious freedom under the pandemic test: specialty or privilege? (about the reports by Silvia Baldassarre, Simone Gianello and Paolo Zicchittu)

ABSTRACT: In this contribution, which takes its cue from the reports by Silvia Baldassarre, Simone Gianello and Paolo Zicchittu, the author makes some brief remarks on the subject of limits to religious freedom, the difficulties of balancing them, and the legitimacy of differential treatment between spiritually connoted activities.

SUMMARY: 1. Religion and citizenship - 2. Religion and migration - 3. The controversial stance on religion, citizens and migrants - 4. Promoting Western values or international standards of human rights protection? - 5. Concluding remarks.

ABSTRACT: In a controversy concerning the legitimacy of the wearing of the Sikh kirpan in the public space, the Italian Court of Cassation stated that immigrants have the obligation to conform their values to those of the Western world. This is but one case when a migrant’s religion has been assumed - in the public and political debate and in courts - to draw a line between what belongs to the Western civilization and what does not. This paper aims to challenge the ‘West versus non-West’ approach, by examining the interplay between religion, citizenship and migration, and by stressing that democratic countries are such only as long as they remain pluralist and accommodate diversity. Although limitations on unacceptable manifestations of religion do apply, these must pursue only legitimate aims under international standards, which do not include such a thing as the protection of Western values.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una sentenza attesa: Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization - 2. Motivazioni offensive e preoccupanti - 3. Una decisione all’insegna del principio democratico e della chiarezza normativa? - 4. Questioni spinose - 5. Dobbs, ovvero la morte del potere di judicial review della SCOTUS?

Dobbs: the alarming implications of a political overturning of the right to abortion

ABSTRACT: With Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization the Supreme Court of United States overturned Roe v. Wade, upending almost 50 years of abortion rights in the United States. In commenting the case this article highlights the many problems arising from the decision: its bringing about new divisive legal issues; its possible outreach in terms of other fundamental liberties that could soon be cancelled; and especially the decline of the Supreme Court legitimacy that could call into question its very judicial review power.
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Il riconoscimento della personalità giuridica degli enti acattolici quale realizzazione di una “convergenza di interessi” - 2. L’attività consultiva del Consiglio di Stato: sindacato di conformità o principio di conformazione? - 3. Le confessioni religiose senza intesa. Il processo decisionale di riconoscimento della personalità giuridica degli enti esponenziali tra vecchie e nuove dinamiche.

The bodies of the non-Catholic religious denominations. Institutional dialogue and administrative practice

ABSTRACT: Through an analysis of the administrative practice, the contribution examines the system of relations between public institutions and religious denominations without an agreement, with specific regard to the application profiles of Article 2 of Law no. 1159 of 1929.

 SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive - 2. I casi di rifiuto opposto da pasticcieri per motivi religiosi di vendere torte commissionate da clienti omosessuali - 3. Libertà di contrarre e interessi contrapposti - 4. L’attuale assetto del quadro normativo in materia di diritto contrattuale antidiscriminatorio - 5. I tentativi della dottrina civilistica di ricondurre la materia all’interno di una cornice di coerenza sistematica - 6. Una inedita rappresentazione in ambito europeo del difficile equilibrio tra libertà di espressione e divieto di discriminazione a causa dell’orientamento sessuale - 7. Dalla libertà di espressione alla libertà di creazione “artistica” il passo è breve? - 8. La decisione di inammissibilità del ricorso presentato davanti alla Corte di Strasburgo dall’attivista di QueerSpace.

“The Icing on the Cake”. Looking for the Right Balance between the Baker’s Freedom and the Prohibition of Discrimination of the Same-Sex Couples

ABSTRACT: When a baker refuses to sell a cake for the wedding of a homosexual couple on religious grounds, a conflict arises between two fundamental rights, equality, and freedom of religion. In some cases, freedom of expression may also be involved. This article examines the question of whether these rights can be balanced, considering the doctrinal approach to anti-discrimination contract law and the most recent case law.

SOMMARIO: Premessa - 1. La res et sacramentum quale effetto strutturante del sacramento - 2. La necessità di una comprensione unitaria, complessiva e dinamica degli effetti dei sacramenti - 3. La rilevanza e la traduzione giuridica degli effetti dei sacramenti dell’iniziazione cristiana - 4. Le lacune nello statuto giuridico comune dei fedeli: la confermazione e l’abilitazione ai ministeri ecclesiali - 5. Le lacune nello statuto giuridico comune dei fedeli: l’eucaristia e i vincoli di piena comunione - 6. Verso una considerazione più sostanziale degli effetti dei sacramenti dell’iniziazione cristiana: la rilevanza giuridica della dimensione spirituale nello statuto comune dei fedeli - 7. Il valore giuridico delle situazioni interne e non manifeste - 8. Il dovere di vivere seriamente la partecipazione ai mezzi di grazia - 9. Il dovere di condurre una vita santa.

The character of baptism and confirmation: the foundations of the common priesthood of the faithful between law and spirituality

ABSTRACT: The work examines how canon law manages to translate the constitutive effects of the sacraments of Christian initiation into legal terms, highlighting how in the legal status of the faithful contained in the Code of Canon Law the identity of the Christian is regulated in a static and formal manner. A new approach to the legislation is therefore proposed to give greater juridical relevance to the substantial spiritual dimension of the condition of the members of the People of God.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il discorso del Santo Padre Francesco (Santa Sede in senso proprio) ai membri dell’Assemblea Generale dell’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite - 2. La posizione della Santa Sede in senso lato e dei vertici della Chiesa italiana - 3. Odierne prospettive nella linea di lavoro politico - 4. La via africana sul debito - 5. Argentina e Fondo Monetario Internazionale (FMI).

Holy See and illegitimate debt. The path to the International Court of Justice (2015-2022)

ABSTRACT: This work offers a synthesis of the main steps of the process towards the International Court of Justice, accomplished over a seven-year period by the Holy See and the Cartel of jurists inspired by the Charter of Sant’Agata de’ Goti – Declaration on Usury and International Debt (1997). The starting point is Holy Father Francis’ speech at the United Nations General Assembly (New York, September 25, 2015), where the devastating deviations of speculative finance were condemned. Next, the points of convergence with the positions taken on the matter by the Italian Bishops’ Conference (CEI) are described, as well as today’s perspectives on debt and the International Court of Justice, in the line of political engagement, with regard to the Gentiloni government and the first Conte government. Completing the discussion is a report on what the author calls the African way on debt and an in-depth look at the differences from a recent wide-ranging initiative aimed at resolving the long-standing issue of the Argentine debt.