Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

SOMMARIO: 1. Perché Antigone: la tragedia di Sofocle come paradigma per ricostruire il rapporto tra legge e coscienza nel diritto canonico - 2. La dinamica degli opposti tra dimensione giuridica e dimensione politica. Perenne attualità di tale dinamica. In particolare: a) Il contrasto tra lex e ius. Il legame tra l’Antigone e le vicende della legge positiva come fonte del diritto -3. (segue) b) Il contrasto tra ragion di Stato e affetti privati - 4. Il lutto quale esito dell’antinomia tra legge e coscienza nell’Atene del V secolo. Ragioni di tale esito: a) assenza di efficaci elementi di ricomposizione del contrasto tra valori assoluti rappresentati da Antigone e Creonte. Assenza di ogni forma di mediazione del contrasto giuridico tra lex e ius - 5. (segue) b) L’intrinseca fragilità della scelta di Antigone: il richiamo al dato divino in funzione delle proprie istanze affettive. L’assenza di una concezione della coscienza quale autonoma dimensione interiore del singolo capace di fondare la violazione delle leggi della polis - 6. (segue) c) L’ineludibile esecuzione delle norme in contrasto. Antigone e Creonte privi di libertà di scelta davanti alla legge - 7. Dalle “assenze” nel rapporto tra legge e coscienza dell’Antigone alle “presenze” che connotano tale rapporto nell’assetto giuridico canonico. In particolare: a) La mediazione tra ius e lex come dimensione costitutiva della giuridicità ecclesiale - 8. (segue) b) La Sapienza divina quale oggettivo elemento di sintesi del contrasto tra legge e coscienza nella Chiesa - 9. (segue) c) La coscienza cristiana come struttura morale originaria che rispecchia la volontà divina dalla quale trae la forza di resistere alla norma - 10. (segue) d) La libertà umana quale presupposto irrinunciabile del rapporto tra legge e coscienza. Il giudizio della coscienza cristiana come testimone interiore che rende l’uomo responsabile dell’adempimento o inadempimento della norma.

Νόμοσ and συνεἱδησiς: from Sophocles' Antigone to the canonical order

ABSTRACT: The contribution reconstructs the essential lines of the relationship between law and conscience in Canon law starting from a re-reading of Sophocles's Antigone.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le pratiche di manipolazioni degli organi genitali femminili - 2. Procedura esercutiva e conseguenze degli atti di alterazione dei caratteri sessuali delle donne - 3. Radici socio-culturali delle pratiche di MGF - 4. Fattore religioso e atti modificativi dei genitali femminili - 5. Le strategie di prevenzione e di contrasto delle MGF nell’Unione europea - 6. Politiche legislative nella lotta contro le MGF - 7. Conclusioni.

Denied identities. Female genital mutilation: the fight of Europe against a silent violence

ABSTRACT: FGM refers to rituals of manipulation female genitalia and other procedures against female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Usually the practice is carried out on young girls, from childhood to teenagers. These rituals are carried out for cultural, religious and social reasons in the mistaken belief that they will produce a benefit to the girl (to safeguard her virginity, to prepare for marriage, etc.). No religious text prescribes the practice, but is rooted in the culture and beliefs of the communities that practice it. However some religious communities practice the FGM. Rituals do not help the health of the girl subjected, but they can lead to serious health complications or even to death of victim. So FGM is recognised a form of child abuse and a violation of women’s human rights. The EU is committed to eliminating FGM through strategic actions and legislative measures, but mainly changes in attitudes and beliefs among relevant communities are important to ensure FGM is abandoned. It is also important to fight FGM with direct involvement of the religious and political leaders of the communities where the rituals are diffuse. European States are called to cooperate with each other with strategic internal and external actions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La giurisprudenza della Suprema Corte - 3. L’introduzione del § 1631, lett. d, nel BGB tedesco e la giurisprudenza di Colonia - 4. Risoluzioni e raccomandazioni del Consiglio d’Europa - 5. Il recente dibattito islandese - 6. Prospettive per l’Italia: necessità o ultroneità di una legge ad hoc? - 7. Osservazioni conclusive.

Notes on ritual circumcision in Ecclesiastical and Religious Law.

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the delicate issue of ritual circumcision in Ecclesiastical and Religious Law. After having investigated the etymological origin of the word and reconstructed the history of the practice in question – distinguishing between circumcisions: a) therapeutic or prophylactic, b) ritual, c) cultural or ethnic – the focus is on the jurisprudential orientations of the Italian Court of Cassation. The solution proposed by the judgment of 24 November 2011, n. 43646, is carefully read and compared with the EU's law, the German legislation and the results of the recent Icelandic debate. Nevertheless, the absence of an ad hoc law on circumcision does not represent a vulnus in the Italian legal system, since the discipline can be found in the positive law in force, and even before in constitutional principles, as interpreted by the jurisprudence of merit and legitimacy. On the contrary, the essay raises the question that the introduction of a law on circumcision would not only be superfluous (for ethical and cultural reasons, even before legal ones), but also late".

1 - Se taluni istituti giuridici, quali l’aequitas e l’epicheia, son peculiarissimi del diritto canonico sino a indurre qualche studioso a escluderne ogni derivazione concettuale e financo ogni tangenza - per quanto ai più manifesta e acclarata - con gli analoghi istituti rinvenibili in ambito civilistico, viceversa il principio di legalità, “suapte natura”, appare essenziale a ogni ordinamento giuridico civile proprio di uno stato democratico o, meglio, proprio di ogni tipo di stato di diritto, principalmente quello di origine democratica. (segue)

The Principle of Legality in the Canonical System and the Approach to Penal Law

In this article, the Author examines the principle of legality and its expression in the canonical system and in canonical penal law in particular. Opening with a reflection on the origins of the principle of legality in its ecclesiological context of the Church as a community of the faithful, the article then treats the principle of legality in its relation to the three powers of governance - administrative, legislative, judicial - and an essential aspect inherent to the exercise of each, namely discretionality, rationality, and moral certitude, in light of canonical penal law. The article closes with a brief mention of the principle of episcopal collegiality in light of the principle of legality.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa: le origini del dibattito sul genocidio e la difficile genesi della sua giuridificazione - 2. Processi ermeneutici e tentativi espansivi in merito alla nozione di genocidio: rischi e problematiche. Il ruolo dei profili religiosi - 3. Qualificazioni tipologico-effettuali del genocidio. Percorsi e prospettive - 4. Appunti per una casistica giurisdizionale internazionale del genocidio: riscontri formali e casi controversi - 5. Disagevoli profili conclusivi: l’attualità del genocidio e delle sue conseguenze istituzionali nel cuore dell’Europa.

Observations about the genocide: hypotheses of comparison and consequences on the legal protection of religious freedom

ABSTRACT: Talking about the genocide implies to recall a wide doctrinal processing, including refined strategies to put into effects the legal definition of genocide itself. This conceptual effort should combine the historical reconstruction with a dramatic but intransigent analysis of the most recent massacres. The constant presence of religious conflicts in concrete representations of genocide undoubtedly shows how the stance for religious freedom shall be definitely urgent and participated, because genocides are a maybe surprising but anyway unquestionable part of our most recent legal history and systems, including the institutional development of the European Union.

SOMMARIO: Sistemi di classificazione dei rapporti e individuazione degli interlocutori istituzionali delle confessioni religiose - 2. Il “laboratorio” dell’Europa dell’Est come luogo di sperimentazione del pluralismo intra confessionale - 3. La gestione delle relazioni tra Stato e confessioni religiose attraverso gli uffici - 4. I problemi nuovi posti dal moltiplicarsi delle confessioni nei diversi paesi europei - 4.1. L’area baltica - 4.2. (segue) Le Repubbliche russofone - 4.3. (segue) Le Repubbliche dell’Europa Centrale - 4.4. (segue) I Balcani Orientali - 4.5. (segue) I territori della ex Repubblica Jugoslava - 4.6. (segue) Le scelte differenziate delle Repubbliche ex jugoslave in materia di Rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose - 5. La felice anomalia albanese - 6. Un contributo all’elaborazione di linee guida ai rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose in Europa.

Confessions and religious communities in Eastern Europe, religious pluralism and legislative policies of the States

ABSTRACT: The intervention reconstructs the supporting lines of the activity of the national office of each legal system in charge with the maintenance of the relations between the State and the confessions and religious communities in the Eastern European countries. Through this perspective, the ecclesiastical politics of 19 countries is reconstructed, highlighting the genesis and the peculiar characteristics of their legislations and highlighting the underlying lines that are at the root of the choices of their systems. Particular attention is dedicated to the definition of the different models to which the States refer in relation to their effectiveness in maintaining religious peace while respecting the principle of equality and freedom among the various religious confessions. The article aims to be a contribution to the development of guidelines for relations between the state and religious confessions in Europe.
 

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli scenari preventivi: il terrorismo a chiamata individuale - 2. Le prevent strategies. I livelli di intervento - 3. L’islamista, ovvero il type consumer del messaggio radicalizzante - 4. La pericolosità sociale indicatore laico-giudiziario di radicalizzazione - 5. Schedatura, provvedimenti di deradicalizzazione e laicità della “reazione” dello Stato - 6. I radicalizzati: indexing risk factors Constitution-compliant.

SOMMARIO: 1. Una premessa epistemologica: “Diritto e letteratura” vs. “Diritto, religione e letteratura” - 2. The Young Pope, ovvero l’ordinamento ecclesiale tra dimensione narrativa e dimensione normativa - 3. La Chiesa come teatro: il vescovo di Stendhal e il Papa di Sorrentino - 4. Chiesa e potere, tra concezione giuspositivistica ed etica utilitaristica - 5. Prime conclusioni: la tensione tra ortodossia e ortoprassi nell’istituzione ecclesiale.

Law, Religion and Literature. Some notes on Ecclesial legal order and Petrine ministry from The Young Pope by Paolo Sorrentino

ABSTRACT: This paper is divided in two main parts. In the first part, I propose an epistemological analysis on the features of the field of “Law and Literature”, in which we can construct the specific category of “Law, Religion and Literature”. In the second part, I do a “Law, Religion and Literature” analysis about Ecclesial legal order and Petrine ministry starting from The Young Pope, the movie created and directed by Paolo Sorrentino.

SOMMARIO: 1. Ricognizione costituzionale del fenomeno educativo - 2. L’educazione familiare - 3. L’educazione scolastica - 4. L’educazione religiosa.

Educational Institutions in the Italian Constitution

ABSTRACT: According to the current Constitution, Italy presents itself as a pluralist and participatory democracy, in which certain functions aimed at enhancing the human person are not taken directly by the State – except in exceptional cases in which the public authorities intervene, for reasons of necessity, in a subsidiary or supplementary way – but they are normally assigned to specific social subjects (or formations), among which the educational institutions have a special and qualified position. The present contribution intends to highlight that the Italian “social State” does not present itself as a “educating State” in its own educational models that the public structures impose in an authoritarian way on the single components of the national collectivity. On the other hand, the Italian Constitution, in recognizing social relevance to the educational function, assigns its concrete management to certain “"pedagogical agencies” or “educational institutions” operating autonomously within the civil society: among which the qualified family holds a qualified position. School and religious confessions. They do not operate in the name or on behalf of the State, but operate within a framework of legal, cultural and institutional guarantees and pluralism, within a normative framework dictated in this regard by the constitutional text and by ordinary legislation. By carrying out the special role assigned to them by the Italian legal system, educational institutions participate in the democratic dynamics of the country, contributing with their work to the construction and evolution of the civil and national community.

SOMMARIO: 1. Laicità necessaria - 2. Il Cristianesimo: una fede scandalosa - 3. La maggiore età del mondo - 4. Ritrovare Dio da adulti - 5. Provvisorietà dell’etica cristiana - 6. Führer e Verführer: lo scambio delle vesti e la fragilità del male.

Secularism as requirement of reason: the actuality of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

ABSTRACT: Dietrich Bonhoeffer is a very significant figure of the Protestant theology. Having experienced the most dramatic period of the German history he is well remembered as “resistant” to the National Socialism, but he deserves also to be reconsidered because of his defense, as believer, of the value of “secularism”, necessary to safeguard an authentic profession of faith.