Contenuti per la categoria: Religione e diritto

SUMARIO: 1. Enseñanza religiosa, identidad y ciudadanía - 2.- La nueva Ley de Educación - 2.1. Un cambio normativo con escasa participación ciudadana y durante una pandemia - 2.2. Los enfoques adoptados en la nueva Ley de Educación - 2.3.- El nuevo currículo basado en competencias - 3. Algunas cuestiones controvertidas sobre la enseñanza de la religión - 3.1. La ausencia de asignatura alternativa - 3.2. El valor de la asignatura de Religión en el expediente académico - 3.3. Enseñanza no confesional de Cultura de las Religiones - 3.4. Calendario de implantación de la LOMLOE y cuestiones pendientes de desarrollo reglamentario - 4. Consideraciones finales: Una reforma operada de espaldas a la sociedad civil.

Religious Education, Identity and Citizenship. Regarding the Reform of the Spanish Education Law

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyze some issues raised by the teaching of religion in the Spanish legal system in the light of the current legislation in which some aspects of special relevance are modified. Specifically, it analyses the rejection generated by the absence of a mesured debate in which the most controversial aspects could have been discussed and a consensus reached, which would have required giving a more active role to the educational community and citizens. A proper approach requires, on the contrary, bringing together positions that truly balance the differents rights and guarantees at stake.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. Parental authority and the inherent rights of the minor. The best interests of the minor - 2.1. Conflicting rights. The current understanding of parental authority - 2.2. Limits to parental authority. Personality rights - 2.3. The minor’s consent in surgical procedures - 2.4. Circumcision and the best interests of the minor. An act which falls within parental authority? - 3. Criminal responsibility in acts of circumcision for religious motives - 3.1. The criminal approximation to female genital mutilation - 3.2. Circumcision in criminal jurisprudence - 4. Concluding remarks. De iure condendo contributions.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa. L’insegnamento di un Maestro per un problema del presente: la ridefinizione della formazione universitaria del giurista - 2. Sull’attribuzione al diritto canonico dello statuto di materia facoltativa. Jemolo e le funzioni della presenza del diritto della Chiesa nelle Università statali: a) la funzione didattica: rendere possibile la comprensione della disciplina statale sul fenomeno religioso; b) la funzione scientifica: costituire un campo di indagine vasto e fecondo, capace di condurre a risultati di ricerca innovativi - 3. La prolusione bolognese del 1923 e quella romana del 1933: il problema della natura del diritto canonico e della posizione della Chiesa e delle sue norme nell’ordinamento statale. La giuridicità originaria dell’ordinamento canonico e il dato, peculiare e oggettivo, della comunanza di soggetti e territorio tra Stato e Chiesa. La terza funzione dello studio del diritto canonico nelle Università statali: essere un momento privilegiato di verifica della tenuta e della validità teorica delle categorie generali sulle quali si fonda la preparazione del giurista - 4. La questione metodologica. Direttive sul diritto canonico quale oggetto di insegnamento e ricerca: a) l’attenzione privilegiata per i temi congruenti con la formazione del giurista statale; b) l’indirizzo storico-dogmatico - 5. Un esito concreto: l’istituzione di una cattedra autonoma di diritto canonico nella Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza. Le linee di indirizzo per lo studio del diritto della Chiesa proposte da Jemolo quali parti integranti del progetto culturale e scientifico della scuola laica italiana del diritto canonico - 6. I profili che contraddistinguono la figura di Jemolo all’interno della scuola laica italiana del diritto canonico: a) l’esposizione del diritto canonico quale frutto dell’equilibrio tra la necessità di non alterare la natura del diritto della Chiesa e il bisogno di tradurre tale diritto in un linguaggio comprensibile al giurista statale: b) il distacco da ogni fattore ideologico o confessionale. Jemolo cristiano esigente e profeta ascoltato dai laici - 7. L’eredità di Jemolo canonista: il paradigma epistemologico da lui elaborato per il diritto della Chiesa e l’atteggiamento spirituale e intellettuale con il quale si è accostato a una realtà giuridica che nasce da un vissuto di fede. La persistente attualità di tale lascito.

Canon law and legal education. The legacy of a Master: Arturo Carlo Jemolo (1891-1981)

ABSTRACT: Forty years after Arturo Carlo Jemolo passed away, this paper reconstructs the Master's thought on the function of canon law studies in state Universities in order to respond to a need of our present: the need to rethink the university education of the jurists.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le ragioni di rinnovata attualità di una ricerca storica, religiosa e normativa sulla spiritualità giapponese - 2. Riflessi di natura costituzionale: la costruzione giuridica di un ordinamento nuovo, tra vestigia imperiali e modernità internazionale - 3. Le religioni tradizionali, tra continuità ed elaborazione progressiva - 4. Uno sguardo alle condizioni materiali dei culti di minoranza: problemi e prospettive per un nuovo sincretismo diffuso - 5. I segni di una precisa spiritualità collettiva nel disposto costituzionale e nella legislazione recente: possibili aperture per nuovi studi - 6. Conclusioni in progress: il paradigma nipponico come modello extra-regionale.

The Kingdom of the Emperor. Typicality and contradictions in the Japanese institutional paradigm of religious regulation

ABSTRACT: The history of Japanese legal institutions has probably known in recent years a lack of attention due to the affirmation of other legal paradigms in the same Asian continent. It could seem a plausible underestimation because Japan has usually reached a leading role in the constant evolution of constitutional rules and concrete everyday praxes. An important aspect of this tradition certainly consists in the peculiar Japanese religious approach: a form of customary culture and not only a specific regulation, crossing many spiritual teachings and belongings (Confucianism, Buddhism and Shintoism, with a more recent but truly significant monotheistic nationwide proselytism). The main purpose of this analysis is to notice how this objectively composite religious framework has surprisingly influenced the shape and the implementation of constitutional principles, still offering an interesting overview able to clear up misunderstandings in the intercultural debate between the Western constitutionalism and the Eastern mentality.

SOMMARIO: 1. - Il “caso Oneda” - 2. -Evoluzione successiva e stato attuale - 3. - La violenza medica - 4. Conclusioni - Appendice.

Freedom of choice of therapy and medical violence. Brief Considerations on the Refusal of Blood Transfusions by Jehovah's Witnesses

ABSTRACT: This short essay considers the change in the jurisprudential orientation on the matter in the light of the recent regulatory and healthcare evolution. In Italy the debate began with the Oneda case, which saw the conviction of two parents who opposed the transfusions of their daughter - at the time the only known therapy to combat a severe form of anemia. Nowadays, this question must be contextualized in the light both of the principle of health self-determination and the possibility of the "bloodless" treatment. Therefore, the Court of Tivoli (the sentence is attached in appendix) recently convicted a doctor who transfused a dissenting patient for “private violence”.

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La religious accommodation in Europa - 3. (segue) Gli sviluppi più recenti - 4. Il ruolo della giurisprudenza europea: primi segnali di apertura all’accomodamento religioso - 5. Il know-how statunitense e canadese: modelli giurisprudenziali a confronto e possibili interazioni - 6. La religious accommodation in Europa: una prospettiva de iure condendo.

The European frontiers of religious accommodation. Starting points for comparison

ABSTRACT: In the last years several scholars pointed out the desirability to extend the accommodation beyond disability. Currently, indeed, a duty of reasonable accommodation is exclusively provided in favour of people with disabilities (art. 5 dir. 2000/78/CE). Previous contributions, however, have stressed how the existing lack of a provision on religious accommodation can result not only in a low level of protection of religious freedom, but also in the rise of a hierarchy related to discrimination grounds in which religion and belief seem to be left at the bottom. Recently, also the European Courts (especially the ECtHR) have apparently open to the extension of the concept of reasonable accommodation, in line with the sensitivity of the Supreme Courts of USA and Canada, where the religious accommodation was first stated. Moving from the comparison between the American and Canadian jurisprudences and the European one, this paper argues about the transposability of the religious accommodation in Europe, in order to strengthen, even in the workplace, the protection of the freedom of religion.

SOMMARIO: 1. L’art. 7 del d.p.r. n. 285 del 1990 - 2. Parti anatomiche amputate e rifiuti infettivi - 3. Riflessioni sul trattamento dei feti abortiti - 4. Qualche precisazione su temi connessi - 5. A mo’ di conclusione.

“The Ball and the Cross”: the fetuses aborted as medical waste to be destroyed or as mortal remains to be honoured

ABSTRACT: Is there an obligation for Italian hospitals to destroy aborted fetuses as infectious waste? Yes, for a recently published paper. On the contrary, we’ll se that, even without an explicit application of the mother, the hospital has the right not to destroy the aborted fetus, proceeding to its burial or cremation. In fact, it is necessary to interpret correctly the article 7 of the Decree of the President of the Republic n. 285 of 1990, also applying the rules on the treatment of medical waste. So it will be clear that the same regulations for the treatment of recognizable body parts must be applied to the treatment of aborted fetuses.

Sommario: PARTE I: LE INTERAZIONI CLASSICHE - 1. Salute e religione, un tema tradizionale in evoluzione - 2. La “religione” come cura. Santoni e guaritori - 3. Libertà religiosa versus tutela della salute. Le pratiche di mutilazione genitale femminile - 4. (segue) La circoncisione maschile - PARTE II: LE INTERAZIONI EMERGENTI - 5. Il dissenso religioso al trattamento sanitario. Il caso dei testimoni di Geova, e non solo - 6. Le nuove frontiere di tutela della salute nella legge n. 219 del 2017. Gli effetti sull’identità religiosa del paziente-fedele - 7. (segue) Gli spazi di obiezione di coscienza del personale medico sanitario.

Religious identity and right to health. Classic and emerging interactions

ABSTRACT: The relationship existing between health and religion is innate. Legal systems started dealing with it since the first formulations about freedom of religion and right to health, in order to take care of the individual and collective needs. Taking this premise into account, the first part of the essay analyzes the classic interactions between health and religion, in which the latter replaces official medicine or prescribes harmful conduct. Consequently, legal systems have developed resolutive dialectics which can be applied to new specific cases brought by multiculturalism, like infibulation. In the second part, the essay examines the emerging interactions caused by a third party - the medical health personnel - owner of the duty of care and freedom of conscience, recreating the solutions offered by doctrine and law. Lastly, it focuses on the objections which can be moved by the medical health personnel, which are connected to early end-of-life dispositions (law n. 219/2017), proposing solutions to the lack of regulation left by the law.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Definizione di Transumanesimo e i suoi principi – 3. Criticità e limiti del Transumanesimo - 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

From homo erectus to homo Deus. Brief reflection on the new scientific-technological religions: Transhumanism

ABSTRACT: The contribution aims to be a brief reflection on a new way of conceiving man and the future of humanity, no longer linked to physical-psychological decay but capable of becoming immortal. The Transhumanists, so called those who share this new ideology, are convinced that, thanks to technological development, by 2030 it will be possible to achieve objectives that today may seem surreal but which will give us, instead of man made of flesh, bones and passions, a cyborg able to think and live like a man but with much more developed and lasting potential.

SOMMARIO: 1. Il cambio di paradigma indotto dalla pandemia - 2. Complessità sociali e complessità giuridiche: le loro scansioni temporali - 3. L’obiettivo di “vivere insieme in una società democratica” - 4. L’esemplare negativo della pronunzia S.A.S. c. Francia - 5. La critica alla “cecità interculturale” del secolarismo - 6. La “laicità all’europea” e il principio del “dualismo giurisdizionale” - 7. L’apporto degli ecclesiasticisti: il contributo dell’ ‘accademia’ a una politica del diritto più inclusiva - 8. Il ritorno in auge dei paradigmi euro-mediterranei e gli sviluppi delle democrazie pluraliste.

Cross-cultural Dialogue and Religious Minority in Europe at the COVID-19's time. The Contribution of the Ecclesiasticists.

ABSTRACT: The spread of the pandemic COVID-19, together with the measures of social distance and lockdown, paradoxically have contributed to making the need to recognize what is in common between the most diverse realities increasingly felt. Europe has greater legal resources than other regions of the world to ensure genuine cross-cultural and pluralistic development of the democratic systems.