SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Multiculturalità, “diritti” e trattamenti sanitari - 3. Alcune problematiche del cd. testamento biologico in una prospettiva interculturale - 4. Conclusioni.
SOMMARIO: 1. L’unione con Roma degli ortodossi della Transilvania – 2. La Chiesa cattolica di rito greco nel Regno di Romania - 3. Le direttive sovietiche sulla soppressione della Chiesa cattolica di rito greco - 4. Il ruolo dell’Ortodossia romena nella soppressione della Chiesa greco-cattolica - 5. L’arresto dei vescovi greco-cattolici - 6. Il decreto sulla liquidazione della Chiesa Greco-Cattolica Romena - 7. La fine del regime comunista e il riconoscimento della Chiesa Greco-Cattolica Romena - 8. Il problema della restituzione dei beni ecclesiastici. L’evoluzione della normativa - 9. La giurisprudenza in materia - 10. La resistenza dell’Ortodossia romena - 11. La situazione attuale.
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the birth of the Greek Catholic Church of Transylvania at the end of the 17th century, its full legal recognition in the Kingdom of Romania and its suppression implemented by the Communist regime in 1948. The process of the Greek Catholic Church liquidation, decreed by Moscow, has been implemented through the collaboration between the Romanian Government authorities and the leaders of the Romanian and Russian Orthodox Churches. With the fall of the Romanian Communist regime and the recognition of religious freedom, the Greek Catholic Church regains the right to exist and operate. The main problem which remains non resolved concerns the restitution of the ecclesiastical properties expropriated in 1948 and then assigned to the State and above all to the Orthodox Church: the latter, in the great majority of cases, rejects the requests put forward by the Greek Catholic Church, which thus is forced to seek justice through the courts. For many years the refusal of the Orthodox Church to return the property once belonging to the Greek Catholic Church was supported by an ambiguous legislation and by the influence wielded by the Orthodox Church. At present, following international pressure, the Courts of Romania seem determined to render the Greek Catholic Church justice, but they meet with resistance from local authorities linked with the Orthodox Church.
SOMMARIO: 1. L'approvazione parziale delle intese già sottoscritte con i precedenti Governi e la proposta politica di Alessandro Albisetti – 2. Le perplessità sulla proposta di una legge di settore – 3. Specifica assenza di giustificazioni giuridiche al mantenimento di regimi differenziati dei matrimoni religiosi – 4. Necessità di perseguire un metodo generale e unitario di disciplina dei fenomeni religiosi da applicare a ogni settore – 5. La impraticabilità di una politica legislativa costituzionalmente adeguata e le sue cause.
SOMMARIO: 1. Rilievi introduttivi – 2. Il trattamento riservato alla religione nelle costituzioni algerine postcoloniali – 3. La disciplina in materia di esercizio dei culti diversi dal musulmano varata nel 2006 – 4. I decreti di esecuzione della normativa de qua – 5. Tendenze evolutive.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. L’immigrazione islamica in Italia - 3. L’Islam come religione e le sue peculiarità - 4. I tentativi di intesa con lo Stato italiano e le iniziative dello Stato per conoscere l’Islam italiano - 5. Conclusioni.
SOMMARIO: Directive 2004/83/CE – Normes minimales relatives aux conditions que doivent remplir les ressortissants des pays tiers ou les apatrides pour pouvoir prétendre au statut de réfugié – Conditions de l’octroi du statut de réfugié – Article 9 – Notion d’ «actes de persécution» – Existence d’une crainte fondée d’être persécuté – Atteinte grave à la liberté de religion – Ressortissants pakistanais membres de la communauté religieuse Ahmadiyya – Actes des autorités pakistanaises visant à limiter le droit de manifester sa religion en public.
SOMMARIO: 1. Il contributo di Giorgio Peyrot alla definizione delle intese – 2. Il suo impegno per l’attuazione delle intese – 3. La crisi dell’istituto … – 4. … e le sue ragioni: a) il passaggio alla società multi religiosa – 5. (Segue): b) la noncuranza della Costituzione – 6. Limiti e attualità del pensiero di Giorgio Peyrot sulle intese.
ABSTRAC: Giorgio Peyrot, one of the most eminent scholars of law and religions in Italy, was very committed, also as representative of the waldensian Church – therefore they called him “the jurist of the minorities” -, in the long struggle for the implementation of the “intese”, i.e. of the conventions between the state and the various religious fellowships different from the catholic Church. Yet, after the aim was acheaved at least in respect of a few communities, then the crisis of this legal institution began: first of all, for the transition to a multicultural and multireligious society, that faces the West with new and not traditional communities, and moreover for the disregard for the Constitution and its institutions, that especially, but not only, the italian Center-Right is spreading throughout Italy. This paper shows the limits and nevertheless the topicality of the legal thought of Peyrot about the “intese” in the context of these times.
SOMMARIO: 1. Il fatto – 2. La categoria giuridica delle confessioni religiose non è definita normativamente – 3. Il discutibile sillogismo del Consiglio di Stato – 4. L'ambito della disciplina de ...i loro rapporti con lo Stato – 5. Sulla normazione contrattata fra le confessioni religiose e lo Stato – 6. Legittimità, necessità e urgenza della legge generale sulle libertà religiose.
SOMMARIO: Le intese del 2007: la disciplina matrimoniale - 2. Quali prospettive per il matrimonio religioso civilmente valido
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduction – 2. Statistical data – 3. The Muslim community – 4. The Jewish community – 5. General overview of the relevant law provisions in Bulgaria – 6. Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia and the political rights according to the domestic legislation – 7. The Law on Protection against Discrimination, the concept of “positive” discrimination and some new case-laws - 8. Religious Rights and Freedoms – 9. Criminal Law – 10. Some conclusions.
ABSTRACT: The article is aimed at presenting briefly the actual legal regulation of protection of the religious rights of the individuals belonging to the Muslim and the Jewish communities in Bulgaria. The author has tried to combine the legal issues with some recent sociological studies on Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia and the related violence and crimes. The phenomena Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia are based on the presence of Muslim and Jewish communities in Bulgaria. The article gives some recent statistical data on Turks (Muslims) and Jews in the country according to the last census in 2011. The focus of the study is on the domestic legislation, especially the political rights, the protection against discrimination, the notion of “positive discrimination”, the religious rights and freedoms and the relevant Bulgarian criminal law. This legal regulation is analyzed in the light of Art. 5, Para. 4 of the Bulgarian Constitution which stipulates the primacy of the obligations under the International Public Law. Some relevant case-law is quoted. The legal analysis demonstrates the fact that there are no legal definitions of “Anti-Semitism” and “Islamophobia”. A general conclusion is drawn about the compatibility of the Bulgarian system for protection of individuals that belong to minorities with the international obligations.