Contenuti per la categoria: Intese e altri accordi

SOMMARIO: 1. La sentenza n. 52 del 2016 della Corte costituzionale – 2. La portata assiologica (e non meramente procedimentale) del principio di bilateralità pattizia – 3. Valenza assiologica e profili attuativi nell’esercizio della bilateralità pattizia – 4. L’isolamento della dinamica bilaterale dalla promozione di un effettivo pluralismo confessionale – 5. Brevi annotazioni finali- 6. Appendice.

SOMMARIO. – 1. L’insegnamento religioso nella scuola pubblica italiana: un elemento di continuità nell’evoluzione storica – 2. Insegnamento religioso e modelli di scuola pubblica – 3. L’attuale disciplina dell’insegnamento religioso nella scuola pubblica italiana - 4. Lo stato giuridico dei docenti di religione - 5. La normativa delle Intese - 6. Le sfide attuali, tra motivi di continuità ed esigenze di rinnovamento – 7. Prospettive di riforma e spunti ricostruttivi – 8. La proposta di un insegnamento aconfessionale di religione - 9. Due piccole proposte: l’“education about religion” e il superamento dello “stato di non obbligo” – 10. Osservazioni conclusive.

Religious education in State schools in Italy: a national heritage to innovate

ABSTRACT: This paper examines, in the context of the country’s increasing religious diversity and the growing presence of religion in the public sphere, the regulation of religious education in public and State schools according to the Italian system of law. The latter actually provides an opt-in state-funded Catholic religious education together with the possibility of organizing optional religious education for all recognised denominations holding an agreement with the State. After some preliminary remarks on the origins and current contents of this legal framework, which reflects a difference of treatment among religions due to the cultural and historical background of the country, the paper focuses on some reform schemes that have been recently put forward. In particular, it examines in some detail the one concerning the introduction of a compulsory non-denominational course on religions, taking into consideration the pros and cons of each one. In the end it makes some conclusive remarks on the line of decisions of Italian courts on the issue and the impact of religious education as a whole upon the state schools’ system in Italy.

Sommario : 1. Premessa - 2. L’Islam in Italia: una confessione religiosa non riconosciuta. - 3. La preliminare questione dei diritti - 4. Islam e questione immigratoria - 5. Natura delle comunità islamiche e laicità dello Stato - 6. Alcuni problemi sui contenuti di un’eventuale intesa - 7. Il pericolo di fughe in avanti - 8. Ostacoli da superare. Il problema dei luoghi di culto - 9. Una piccola proposta: le associazioni con finalità (o oggetto) mista - 10. La questione della rappresentatività. La proposta di una consulta dell’Islam italiano - 11. Il dialogo e la collaborazione a livello locale - 12. Osservazioni conclusive.

Muslim Organisations in Italy: perspectives on an Agreement with the State

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the legal framework of Muslim communities in Italy in order to check the requirements needed to reach an agreement with the State, as envisaged by the Italian Constitution for denominations other than Catholicism, whose relations with the State “are regulated by law, based on agreements with their respective representatives” (Art. 8, co. 3, Const.). Nowadays the problem is a key issue in current political debates both in Italy and in most European countries. This type of agreement could not only promote the social and cultural integration of Muslim communities into society, but also help isolate Islamic terrorists and their supporters in immigrate communities and fight them better. Given that in Italy Muslim communities and their members, including foreign ones, already enjoy all the civil and social rights that are granted by the Constitution to citizens and social groups, the analysis maintains that reaching such an agreement would be for the moment premature, on the basis of a number of reasons. Among these are the following: the deep divisions existing both within and among these communities, due to different ethnic and religious origins and settlement periods in Italy; the difficulty on behalf of the State to identify a reliable negotiating partner (or more than one) who really represents such communities and does not depend from foreign States. Last but not least the very nature of such an agreement appears to be questionable. In fact, on one hand it would bring relevant advantages and public funding but on the other it would also need an unconditional acceptance of human rights and of the fundamental principles of the Italian law system - among which the equality between men and women and State secularism - which still has to be fully acknowledged within these communities.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La corte ritiene ammissibile l’intervento, nel giudizio costituzionale, dell’associazione privata degli atei e degli agnostici razionalisti. Funzione e importanza dei gruppi sociali organizzati per l’affermazione dei diritti verso e contro le religioni – 3. L’uaar può essere considerata una confessione religiosa? – 4. Non è ammesso un controllo giurisdizionale sulle decisioni del consiglio dei ministri riguardanti l’avvio delle trattative per la stipulazione di eventuali intese tra una confessione religiosa e lo Stato. Ma “ci sarà pure un giudice a Berlino!” – 5. Potere politico, potere amministrativo e potere giurisdizionale in tema di diritti dei gruppi religiosi in Italia – 6. Ragioni della politica e ragioni del diritto: una scelta metodologica . Dubbi, nella fattispecie, sul ruolo del parlamento come organo di garanzia che esercita il controllo sul governo – 7. 2 aprile 1966: il ricordo di una giornata particolare di cinquant’anni fa.

I would like to focus on two connected points on the legal framework for conscientious objection. First, the peculiarity which concerns the effective exercise of that right, and second, the particular instrument regulating the relations between churches and State, concerning the system of agreements with the various denominations present in the State.
1 - Religious objection can lead to a refusal to comply with obligations imposed by State laws, which are deemed conflicting with higher
imperatives that the objector cannot waive. Such refusal may be based on religious grounds, but also ethical or ideological. (continua)

SOMMARIO : 1. I ministri di culto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano - 2. I ministri di culto delle confessioni religiose dotate di intesa - 2.1. (segue) L’individuazione dei ministri di culto - 2.2. (segue) L’assistenza spirituale nelle strutture segreganti - 2.3. (segue) Il matrimonio celebrato dai ministri di culto - 2.4 (segue) Problematiche attinenti ai ministri di culto buddhisti – 3. I ministri di culto delle confessioni prive di intesa - 3.1. (segue) In attesa della legge di approvazione: i ministri di culto della Congregazione cristiana dei Testimoni di Geova - 3.2. (segue) Islam e ministri di culto - 4. Osservazioni conclusive.

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction – 2. The Relationship State-Confessions and Religious Ministers – 2.1. The “Common” Legislation of intese and the 1929 Act – 2.2. State’s Law and Religious Ministers – 3 . Imam in Italy. Is that a Religious Minister? – 3.1. The Connection State-Islamic Organizations – 3 .2. Islamic Groups as Religious Denominations – 3.3. The Bilateral Legislation – 3.4. A Possible Collaboration – 4. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT: In Italy imams are more than 800 members. As imams, they are almost all self-taught people. As citizens, most of the times they have a precarious job. During the week, they normally take care of things other than religion. They perform religious functions in their spare time. Moreover, to see them working as imams, you have to go down in some underground parking or in apartments converted into mosques, where sometimes you see minaret and other Islamic symbols, but only in either the picture or in the paintings hanging on the wall. In the end of the day, we know little or almost nothing about imams. Besides, the Italian law normally do not recognise them as religious authorities. Nevertheless, as imams they play a very important role in local Muslim communities that, under the pressing process of immigration, hold nowadays more than two millions persons. The paper will analyse the status of Islamic imams in Italy, comparing them with the status of other religious authorities (priests, rabbis, pastors ecc.). In particular, this comparative perspective will be focused on both angles: on the one hand, the research will compare the role of imams with those of religious authorities within their respective community; on the other, we will compare imams with considered the different way through which Italian law treats both imams and other religious authority . This perspective will give us a possibility to underline how both the social context and the Italian legal framework (regulating the State-religions connexions) manage religious claims.

SOMMARIO : 1. Introduzione - 2. L’UAAR e il lungo percorso giudiziario verso la richiesta d’Intesa: l’approdo della sentenza n. 7068 del 2014 del Tar Lazio - 3. Associazionismo ateistico e confessioni religiose: la difficoltà dell’inserimento in una categoria inflazionata - 4. Conclusioni.

ABSTRACT: The attention given by the constituent Assembly to the individual and associated way of enjoying the religious freedom, in the logic of protection of the spiritual interests of the human person, should be such as to promote, as a natural consequence of this basic structure of the Constitution, a balanced system in relation to the official contacts between the State and the religious denominations. However, there is the fact of public policies excessively benevolent towards some religious denominations, which causes damage to the affirmation of equal freedom for all individuals, regardless of their cultural orientation, religious or non-religious it is. With the visible manifestation of the atheism (in a public and associated way), doctrine and jurisprudence are called to identify the most appropriate forms of legal protection for some specific group experiences, related, in any case, in the broadest sense, to the religious and spiritual dimension of human life. pdf

1 - Il tema del rapporto tra Costituzione e fenomeno religioso può essere analizzato e sviluppato in almeno due direzioni fondamentali: la Costituzione e la libertà religiosa da un lato; la Costituzione e le confessioni religiose dall’altro. In questa sede mi limiterò a ragionare sulle difficoltà di definire cosa sia una “confessione religiosa”, ribadendo peraltro preliminarmente quanto questo apparentemente limitato tema - relativo alla dimensione collettiva della libertà religiosa - sia strettamente connesso al profilo della libertà individuale. (segue)

SOMMARIO: 1. Una riflessione introduttiva – 2. La crisi della sovranità e dello Stato nazionale – 3. Lo sbandamento della Chiesa cattolica – 4. La finalità più sociale che cultuale del fenomeno religioso – 5. L’antinomia tra enunciato e comportamenti – 6. I paradossi della contemporaneità e il conseguente superamento delle sistematiche tradizionali – 7. Il contributo della dottrina ecclesiasticistica – 8. La necessità di fare il punto, con la speranza di ripartire – 9. Per un diverso regolamento della normativa relativa al fenomeno religioso.